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Topic: The nicotine patch

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	NIDA NOTES - Nicotine Patch Helps Smokeless Tobacco Users Quit, But Maintaining Abstinence May Require Additional ...
		Study participants treated with the nicotine patch experienced less severe withdrawal symptoms and lower levels of craving for nicotine and were significantly more likely to maintain short-term abstinence than users in a control group who were treated with an inactive patch.
		While the study suggests that the nicotine patch may help patients achieve initial abstinence from smokeless tobacco, it remains unclear how the patch and other treatments should be used to sustain abstinence over the long term, she says.
		In her study, Dr. Hatsukami randomly assigned a total of 402 smokeless tobacco users to one of 4 treatments: active nicotine patch, inactive patch, a combination of active patch and a non-nicotine mint snuff, or a combination of inactive patch and mint snuff.
	www.drugabuse.gov /NIDA_Notes/NNVol16N1/Nicotine.html (0 words)

	the Scoop on Smoking :: nicotine patch
		The nicotine patch is a self-adhesive strip that is applied to the skin and releases nicotine into the outer layer of the skin.
		The nicotine patch, or transdermal nicotine, is a self-adhesive strip that is applied to the skin and releases nicotine into the outer layer of the skin in various doses and intervals.
		A new patch is applied to the skin each morning, usually on the abdomen between the neck and the waist or on the upper arm or shoulder, and the location of the patch should be periodically rotated.
	thescooponsmoking.org /xhtml/quitting/nicotinePatch.php (0 words)

	What is a Nicotine Patch?
		A nicotine patch is a small plaster patch that adheres to the skin, designed to release varying doses of nicotine into the bloodstream in order to reduce cravings for addicted smokers who are trying to quit.
		The nicotine patch, however, releases nicotine into the bloodstream at a slow, steady pace, and remains so throughout the day, tapering off at night, deconstructing the feast-or-famine edginess that is a by-product of nicotine addiction.
		Over a 24-hour period a 21mg nicotine patch, for example, releases into the bloodstream the equivalent of smoking about 20 cigarettes, minus the poisonous gasses and tars.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-nicotine-patch.htm (0 words)

	Nicotine patch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nicotine patch is a transdermal patch that releases nicotine into the body through the skin.
		The nicotine patch was invented by UCLA addiction researchers Dr. Murray E. Jarvik and Dr. Jed Rose; their patent was licensed by Ciba-Geigy, later merged with Novartis.
		Patches are intended to be worn for twenty-four hours at a time, and then be replaced at the same time every day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicotine_patch (548 words)

	Nicotine Patch May Alleviate
		The researchers reported that participants' perceptions of their own memories were significantly improved after four weeks on the nicotine patch compared to the placebo patch, with more seniors receiving the drug reporting a small improvement in memory.
		The four-week nicotine patch treatment also cut seniors' decision times from approximately 200 milliseconds to less than 100 milliseconds and significantly improved the consistency of participants' performance on tests of reaction time, an indication that nicotine heightened attention in individuals with AAMI.
		Nicotine's activity in the brain stems from its ability to mimic the natural chemical acetylcholine, a nerve signal that plays a role in learning and memory among other functions, said Levin.
	www.thestressoflife.com /nicotine_patch_may_alleviate.htm (0 words)

	Nicotine Patch - Background, Raw Materials, The Manufacturing, Quality Control
		A nicotine patch is a device designed to deliver nicotine through the skin and into the blood stream.
		Nicotine is well suited for transepidermal delivery because it is a liquid which is known to penetrate skin easily.
		The patch itself is a small disk approximately 1 in (2.5 cm) or less in diameter, which may be assembled in several different configurations.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-3/Nicotine-Patch.html (0 words)

	Nicotine Patch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nicotine addiction is a powerful physical and psychological dependency that conditions the body to crave nicotine in order to maintain feelings of basic well being.
		The Patch, as it's commonly known, is a small, Band-Aid-like device applied directly to the skin of the arm, chest, upper back, or hip.
		Throughout the day the patch releases controlled amounts of nicotine that are absorbed through the skin and directly into the bloodstream.
	amos.indiana.edu /library/scripts/patch.html (0 words)

	Howstuffworks "Nicotine Transdermal Patch: A Profile of a Stop-smoking Aid"
		After use, carefully dispose of the patch, as even a used nicotine patch contains a large quantity of residual nicotine that may be harmful to children or pets.
		If you continue to smoke and use the nicotine patches, you increase the amount of nicotine in your blood and may be more likely to experience side effects or an overdose.
		Depending on the type of nicotine patch your doctor recommends and the severity of your withdrawal symptoms, you may use the patches daily for 6 to 12 weeks to help you stop smoking.
	health.howstuffworks.com /define-nicotinetransdermalpatch.htm (0 words)

	Nicotine Patches
		Nicotine patches, which are available under several brand names, are designed to help you quit smoking by reducing your craving for tobacco.
		Wrap each patch in the opened pouch or aluminum foil in which it came and throw it in a trash receptacle that is out of the reach of youngsters and animals.
		Nicotine patches come in one, two, or three strengths, depending on the brand; larger patches contain higher doses of nicotine.
	www.healthsquare.com /newrx/nic1292.htm (0 words)

	NICOTINE PATCH EFFECTIVE WITHOUT DIRECT COUNSELING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nearly 20 percent of smokers using an over-the-counter nicotine patch in a new study were able to quit smoking entirely after six weeks, compared to only 7 percent of smokers using a dummy patch.
		None of the smokers received any direct instruction on how to use the patch or got behavioral counseling to help them quit smoking, which suggests that nicotine patches used in an over-the-counter manner can be safe and effective, say the study authors.
		Although the patches proved to be effective in these trials, researchers have wondered whether they would work as well in "real-life" over-the-counter conditions, where individuals buy and administer the patch without outside therapeutic support.
	www.hbns.org /news/nicotine12-12-02.cfm (0 words)

	Products to help you stop smoking - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The nicotine patch is a small, self-adhesive patch that slowly releases nicotine into the bloodstream through the outer layer of skin.
		To release nicotine from the gum, chew a piece until it has a peppery taste or you notice a tingly sensation in your mouth.
		The nicotine inhaler is a device that allows you to receive some nicotine using the same hand-to-mouth motions of smoking.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/stop-smoking-products/HA00065 (0 words)

	OTC Nicotine Patch - Does it really double your chances of quitting? by John R. Polito
		The 1997 Sonderskov OTC study isn’t the only nicotine patch study in which we know that those using the placebo patch were never allowed to bathe their brains in nicotine free blood serum levels.
		While backing the nicotine patch car into the garage, we were never afforded a chance to look ahead, from the beginning, to see how much of the patch’s effectiveness was attributable to other factors.
		One of the factors that the Tonnesen study attempted to determine was how failed patch users from a patch study one year earlier would perform during a second attempt at quitting with the patch.
	whyquit.com /whyquit/A_OTCPatch.html (0 words)

	Nicotine Patch Success Lasts
		NEW YORK, May 20 (Reuters) -- Most smokers who are successful in using the nicotine patch to kick their habit will still be off cigarettes years later, according to new research.
		"Nicotine replacement therapy is associated with long-term smoking cessation benefits," concludes a study conducted by David Daughton, a behavioral researcher in the pulmonary critical care section of the University of Nebraska Medical Center.
		For example, over 28% of smokers who had used the 21 milligram (nicotine) patch were ex-smokers one year later, with 20.2% remaining ex-smokers at the 4- to 5-year follow-up.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1997052008.shtml (0 words)

	Misusing Nicotine Patch
		But needing to use patches or gum to get through a class or part of a school day is also a sign that a teen has a serious addiction.
		Researchers surveyed 4,078 teens about their use of nicotine patches and nicotine gum during the 1998-1999 school year.
		The patch is similar to an adhesive bandage and is available in different shapes and sizes.
	www.connectwithkids.com /tipsheet/2003/134_jul23/patch.html (0 words)

	Nicotine patch: Any harm in long-term use? - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The nicotine patch delivers small doses of nicotine to your body, which allow you to manage your withdrawal symptoms and cravings, as well as to gradually taper the amount of nicotine you receive.
		The nicotine in the patch contains none of the toxic compounds — such as tars, carbon monoxide and carcinogens — found in tobacco smoke.
		Although the effects of nicotine may include increased heart rate and blood pressure, these effects occur to a lesser degree with the patch than when nicotine is delivered by cigarette smoking.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/nicotine-patch/AN01257 (0 words)

	Nicotine Patches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Researchers found that smokers who use the patch are more than twice as likely to quit smoking for at least six months as are those who were given placebo patches.
		Richard D. Hurt, the head of the Nicotine Dependence Center at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., said that even though most smokers did not quit after using the nicotine patch, the new analysis shows that the patch was still the most effective stop-smoking aid.
		Also, although the patch makers say that the patch must be combined with counseling to be effective, Dr. Fiores found that counseling made little difference in the rate of those who quit smoking.
	www.ndsn.org /august94/patches.html (0 words)

	Nicotine Skin Patches - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest
		Nicotine patches are most effective when used in combination with a supervised stop-smoking program.
		Patches are most effective during the first six months of use.
		Nicotine patches are for use on the skin.
	drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,487\|Nicotine+Skin+Patches,00.html (0 words)

	Comparison of Four Nicotine Replacement Treatments American Family Physician - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Four nicotine replacement treatments (NRTs) are on the market: nicotine polacrilex (gum), the transdermal patch, a nasal spray and an inhaler.
		The most common reason for not using the patch was forgetting to put it on, while for the other NRTs, the reason was a belief that the subjects did not need the aid.
		The authors conclude that nicotine nasal spray, which has the fastest nicotine delivery, may be more helpful to those who use it properly, but it causes more adverse effects and tends to be underused.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_5_61/ai_61432774 (0 words)

	Zero Nicotine nicotine free patch
		What makes ZERO NICOTINE patch so amazing is that researchers have discovered a way to combine the all-natural healing properties of a unique variety of traditional herbal formulas to completely and naturally eliminate your body’s need for nicotine.
		Nicotine is the substance responsible for fooling your brain into releasing a “pleasure” chemical called dopamine.
		It is recommended that the patch be placed on a hair-free area, if at all possible to avoid irritation when removing the patch.
	www.quitsmoking.com /zeronicotine/index.htm (0 words)

	Nicotine Patch Before Quitting Doubles Success - Lungs: pulmonary and respiratory health and medical information ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		nicotine patch two weeks before trying to quit smoking can double the chances of success, researchers report.
		In addition, many of those who wore the patch before their target quit date smoked less than usual during that period, had fewer cravings, or more easily switched to a low tar/low nicotine cigarette.
		Experts have worried that wearing the patch while smoking was too toxic or could increase addiction by putting more nicotine into the body, but this latest research and other studies have shown there is no danger in the practice, Rose said.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=57669 (0 words)

	Nicotine patch helps teens snuff out cigarette use
		Nicotine patches may work as well for teens trying to kick the smoking habit as they do for adults, say researchers from the School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital.
		In the study, the authors tested the effect of the nicotine patch on 211 teens between the ages of 15 and 18 who smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day and had been smoking for the previous six months.
		Participants were divided into two groups, one treated with the nicotine patch plus the antidepressant bupropion, and one with the nicotine patch plus placebo.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2004/august18/med-nicotine-818.html (0 words)

	wcbstv.com - Nicotine Patch, Gum May Undermine Chemo
		Nicotine is not known to cause cancer, but it can protect cancer cells from some of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs, researchers reported Sunday at a cancer meeting.
		Srikumar Chellappan of the University of South Florida and colleagues studied the effects of nicotine on lung cancer cells that were treated with three commonly used drugs in cancer therapy — gemcitabine, cisplatin and taxol.
		When nicotine was present, the cells increased production of a pair or proteins, XIAP and survivin, that protected the cells from apoptosis.
	wcbstv.com /health/health_story_092171632.html (0 words)

	Nicotine Patch -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Do not use the patch if you are pregnant, unless your doctor knows you are pregnant and has told you to do so.
		Put one patch on a clean, dry area of skin on your upper body that isn't covered with hair, such as your stomach, upper arm or side.
		To apply the patch, place the sticky side on your skin and press it firmly with the palm of your hand for 10 seconds.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/191.html (0 words)

	Nicotine Patch - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Therefore, when a revolutionary new aid to quitting, such as the nicotine patch is developed, hopes are understandably high.
		Small amounts of nicotine are slowly absorbed through the skin and enter the blood, replacing the dose of nicotine the smoker would normally be inhaling.
		In one large study, half the patients who used the patch reported transient itching or burning at the site of application, and in 14 percent, the area under the patch became red at least once during the study.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/431/499/main.html (0 words)

	Danger Of Nicotine Patch Articles, Results And Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nicotine using the nicotine patch smokes a cigarette.
		The nicotine patch was assessed in a preliminary open label study of 20 patients who were taking either haloperidol Haldol or pimozide to control their Tourette's symptoms.
		Researchers are reporting that at least 50 percent of patients who used a nicotine patch for six weeks experienced complete relief of symptoms of ulcerative colotis, compared with 25 percent of patients who used a patch without nicotine.
	www.smokingpatches.info /danger-of-nicotine-patch.html (0 words)

	NICOTINE - PATCH (Habitrol, Nicoderm CQ, Nicotrol) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		HOW TO USE: The patch should be applied to a clean, dry, non-hairy area on the trunk or upper arm.
		Different brands of nicotine patches vary in the length of time the patch is left on the skin (e.g., for 24 hours or only while awake).
		Remove the patch carefully and dispose of it properly.
	www.medicinenet.com /nicotine-patch/article.htm (0 words)

	ScienceDaily: Nicotine Patch May Alleviate "Senior Moments"
		They also caution that nicotine patches have associated health risks including nausea, dizziness, and increases in blood pressure and heart rate and have not been approved for long-term use.
		Nicotine -- Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae), predominantly in tobacco, and in lower quantities in tomato, potato, eggplant (aubergine), and green...
		Patch Clamping: An Introductory Guide to Patch Clamp Electrophysiology is a concise introduction to the basic principles and practical applications of this important technique.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/12/031203080738.htm (0 words)

	BBC News \| HEALTH \| Nicotine patch rules condemned
		They say the restrictions on the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) do not take into account the fact young people, pregnant smokers and smokers with cardiovascular disease already use nicotine in its much more harmful form in cigarettes.
		Clive Bates, director of ASH who co-authored the paper said: "This is a serious case of regulatory myopia, in which the obvious reality of smoking as the main way of taking nicotine has somehow been overlooked when it comes to deciding how to handle nicotine in its safest form.
		He added patches, gum and lozenges were now on general sale, and all other NRTs were are available without prescription from chemists.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/1706805.stm (0 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Nicotine therapy benefits 'hyped'
		Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may be less effective at weaning smokers off their habit than previously thought, researchers say.
		A University of Geneva team looked at studies of 4,800 adults and found 30% of those who had used NRT were smoking again a year or more after quitting.
		Dr Lynne Dawkins, of London's Goldsmith College, agreed that the effect of NRT was modest, but she said it was currently the best treatment option.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/5211296.stm (0 words)

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