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Topic: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

	123bio.net - Livres - Maisons d'édition
		Acetylcholine was the first neurotransmitter shown to be involved in the function of the mammalian brain and its nicotinic receptor the first receptor to be characterized.
		Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors are archetypical proteins that are being studied by pharmacologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, electrophysiologists, behaviorists and geneticists with Changeux and his co-workers involved in every aspect of this remarkable inquiry.
		Nicotinic receptors are mediating the nervous control of voluntary muscles in the periphery and are involved in the control of reward functions, cognition and memory in the brain.
	www.123bio.net /livres/odilejacob1.html (656 words)

	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are ionotropic receptors that form ion channels in cells' plasma membranes.
		Like the other type of acetylcholine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, their opening is triggered by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, but they are also opened by nicotine (Siegel et al., 1999; Itier and Bertrand, 2001).
		Nicotinic receptors, with a molecular weight of about 280 kDa, are made up of five receptor subunits, arranged symmetrically around the central pore.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor (880 words)

	Acetylcholine receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR) is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
		Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can be blocked by curare and toxins present in the venoms of snakes and shellfishes.
		Drugs such as the neuromuscular blocking agents bind reversibly to the nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and are used routinely in anaesthesia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acetylcholine_receptor (359 words)

	Nicotine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicotine is an organic compound, a pyrrolidine-like alkaloid found naturally in the nightshade family of plants, such as tobacco and tomatoes.
		Nicotine seems to provide both a stimulant and a depressant effect, and it is likely that the effect it has at any time is determined by the mood of the user, the environment and the circumstances of use.
		of nicotine (that is, the lethal dosage reported to kill 50% of the population) is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicotine (1408 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Structural model of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor isotypes bound to acetylcholine and ...
		Nicotine is a psychoactive drug presenting a diverse array of biological activities, some positive, such as enhancement of cognitive performances, others negative, such as addiction liability.
		Surprisingly, the ester moiety of acetylcholine does not seem to interact with the cys-loop of the receptor, as previously suggested by photoaffinity labeling [12], but is engaged in similar type of interaction as that observed with the acidic group of HEPES in the AChBP crystal structure [6].
		The flexible ligand / grid receptor docking algorithm implemented in ICM was applied, with ECEPP/3 force field and MMFF partial charges for the ligand, and hydrophobic, electrostatic, hydrogen-bond and surface potential maps for the receptor [18,19,10].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6807/2/1 (3459 words)

	Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Expression and Function on Nonneuronal Cells
		Nicotine is a lipophilic molecule whose effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been primarily focused on its physiologic impact within the confines of the brain and peripheral nervous system.
		Receptors of the nicotinic subclass can be distinguished further as “muscle” or “neuronal.”; While the muscle and neuronal nicotinic receptors exhibit similar sensitivity to gating by acetylcholine, the muscle receptor is much less sensitive to nicotine.
		11. Kihara T, Shimohama S, Urushitani M, et al. Stimulation of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors inhibits beta-amyloid toxicity. Brain Res. 1998;792:331-334.
	www.aapspharmsci.org /view.asp?art=aapsj070486 (6630 words)

	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha 7 antibody (ab10096) datasheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha 7 antibody (ab10096) datasheet
		The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha 7 forms a homo oligomeric channel, displays marked permeability to calcium ions and is a major component of brain nicotinic receptors that are blocked by, and highly sensitive to, alpha bungarotoxin.
		Protocols for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha 7 antibody
	www.abcam.com /?datasheet=10096 (940 words)

	Acetylcholine receptor: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR) is an integral membrane protein (integral membrane protein: an integral membrane protein (imp) is a protein molecule (or assembly of proteins)...
		Like other transmembrane receptor (transmembrane receptor: more facts about this subject) s, acetylcholine receptors are classified according to their "pharmacology", or according to their relative affinities and sensitivities to different molecules.
		Drugs such as the neuromuscular blocking agents (neuromuscular blocking agents: A substance that interferes with the neural transmission between motor neurons and skeletal muscles) bind reversibly to the nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction (neuromuscular junction: The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies) and are used routinely in anaesthesia.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/acetylcholine_receptor (511 words)

	Cognetix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A noncompetitive peptide inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Conus purpurascens venom.
		Characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cultured arterial chemoreceptor cells of the cat.
		Characterization of nicotinic receptors inducing noradrenaline release and absence of nicotinic autoreceptors in human neocortex.
	www.cognetix.com /news_publications.asp (4884 words)

	Immunization with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor induces neurological autoimmune disease -- Lennon et al. ...
		Immunization with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor induces neurological autoimmune disease
		Neuronal nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs) are implicated in the pathogenesis
		Autoantibodies to ganglionic acetylcholine receptors in autoimmune autonomic neuropathies.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/111/6/907 (3646 words)

	Acetylcholine Receptor protein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As for most transmembrane receptors, the receptor region for this protein is extracellular.
		In Figure 2 the receptor pentamer is shown from an upper angle.
		Currently there is no known structure of the human Acetylcholine Receptor protein as a whole but a homologus structure and function in Electric Rays has been determined.
	www.soe.ucsc.edu /~gkury/acetylcholine_receptor (543 words)

	Bioreagents.com: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
		MA3-043 detects nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma and delta subunits in torpedo and the delta subunit in mouse, rat, chicken and frog.
		Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) mediate synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction.
		The muscle-type receptor is a pentameric glycoprotein of five membrane spanning subunits, (2 alpha 1’s, beta 1, gamma or epsilon and delta) which form a ligand gated ion channel.
	bioreagents.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/products.detail/CatNbr/MA3-043 (309 words)

	GTX22804-nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor antibody [88B]-GeneTex Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) mediate synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction.
		The muscle-type receptor is a pentameric glycoprotein of five membrane spanning subunits, (2 alpha 1's, beta 1, gamma or epsilon and delta) which form a ligand gated ion channel.
		Detects nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma and delta subunits in torpedo and the delta subunit.
	www.genetex.com /commerce/catalog/product.jsp?product_id=3629&czuid=1131767398906 (327 words)

	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Some members of this family of receptors in the brain bind nicotine and are targets for the addictive activity of this drug.
		The receptor is composed of five subunits with similar amino acid sequences encircling a central channel.
		Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine bind at two of the five subunit interfaces, gating, or opening, the channel to allow sodium ions to enter from outside the cell.
	www.sdsc.edu /GatherScatter/GSspring96/back_cover.html (155 words)

	Acetylcholine Research by Ray Sahelian, MD. Supplements for Acetylcholine
		Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter present in the brain and the peripheral nervous system, and acetylcholine receptors are found widely throughout the body and brain.
		In Alzheimer’s disease, there is a shortage of acetylcholine, and one of the ways doctors have tried to increase the levels of this neurotransmitter is by prescribing drugs, such as tacrine and galantamine, that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
		We contrast the phenotypes associated with hereditary acetylcholine receptor deficiency arising from mutations in either the acetylcholine receptor epsilon subunit or the endplate acetylcholine receptor clustering protein rapsyn.
	www.raysahelian.com /acetylcholine.html (2067 words)

	Desensitization of Mouse Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Channels . A Two-Gate Mechanism -- Auerbach and Akk 112 (2): ...
		The rate constants of acetylcholine receptor channels (AChR) desensitization and recovery were estimated from the durations
		Nicotine is highly effective at producing desensitization of rat alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptors
		Acetylcholine receptor channel structure in the resting, open, and desensitized states probed with the substituted-cysteine-accessibility method
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/abstract/112/2/181 (1155 words)

	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of the honey bee, Apis mellifera -- Jones et al. 16 (11): 1422 -- ...
		Déglise, P., Grunewald, B., and Gauthier, M. The insecticide imidacloprid is a partial agonist of the nicotinic receptor of honeybee Kenyon cells.
		Millar, N.S. Assembly and subunit diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
		Wustenberg, D.G. and Grunewald, B. Pharmacology of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of cultured Kenyon cells of the honeybee, Apis mellifera.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/16/11/1422 (4429 words)

	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 4 and Beta2 antibodies from RDI Division of Fitzgerald Industries Intl
		The time at which receptors for acetylcholine are expressed may influence synaptogenesis and neuronal activity in developing hippocampus.
		This transient expression profile of the alpha4 subunit suggests that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors may participate in the early postnatal maturation of hippocampal circuitry.
		This antibody may be useful for further studies of the functional role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 in the human brain during embryonic development, mayuration and lesion repair.
	www.researchd.com /miscabs/narab.htm (431 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		679 : Q6QHT2_APIME 0.50 0.63 1 306 18 330 305 2 9 541 Q6QHT2 Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 680 : Q6QHT2_APIME 0.50 0.63 1118 1423 18 330 305 2 9 541 Q6QHT2 Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 681 : Q7QD60_ANOGA 0.50 0.63 1118 1423 14 328 305 2 11 548 Q7QD60 ENSANGP00000000239 (Fragment).
		766 : Q66T19_ANOGA 0.49 0.62 1118 1423 24 327 302 2 6 519 Q66T19 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit 767 : Q7QI10_ANOGA 0.49 0.62 1118 1423 3 306 302 2 6 498 Q7QI10 ENSANGP00000018792 (Fragment).
		768 : Q66T19_ANOGA 0.49 0.58 910 1051 190 327 138 1 4 519 Q66T19 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit 769 : Q7QI10_ANOGA 0.49 0.58 910 1051 169 306 138 1 4 498 Q7QI10 ENSANGP00000018792 (Fragment).
	www.infobiogen.fr /db/hssp/2bg9.hssp (2330 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blocking effect of guanethidine in the rat gastric ...
		Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are present on striated muscle cells mediating cholinergic contractions.
		However, despite repeated wash-outs to avoid desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, a decline in the nicotine-induced relaxations was observed.
		Due to the desensitization of the nicotinic receptors, however, the relaxations in the TTX experiments are smaller compared to the other experiments.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v128/n4/full/0702865a.html (3337 words)

	Dependence of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Recovery from Desensitization on the Duration of Agonist Exposure -- ...
		The induction of desensitization of diverse nicotinic acetylcholine
		Lukas RJ (1991) Effects of chronic nicotinic ligand exposure on functional activity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed by cells of the PC12 rat pheochromocytoma or the TE671/RD human clonal cell line.
		Magleby KL and Pallotta BS (1981) A study of desensitization of acetylcholine receptors using nerve-released transmitter in the frog.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/289/2/656 (3895 words)

	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Program - EnVivo
		Nicotine enhances cognitive functions, such as learning, memory, and retention through activation of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).
		The most common nicotinic receptors found in the brain are the low affinity a
		EnVivo is developing a robust program of selective, orally active alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists for treatment of the cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.
	www.envivopharma.com /template/2_14_5.html (456 words)

	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from the Torpedo electrical organ and mammalian skeletal muscle is a large (290 ...
		The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from the Torpedo electrical organ and mammalian skeletal muscle is a large (290 kDa) pentameric complex consisting of four homologous subunits in the stoichiometry of a2bdg or a2bde (Claudio, 1989; Betz, 1990; Unwin,
		The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the prototype of the superfamily of ion channel-coupled receptors, which are gated by specific neurotransmitters.
		The nicotinic AChR is a ligand-gated cation channel that is activated upon binding of acetylcholine.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /home/samson/master.htm (2115 words)

	Megacystis, mydriasis, and ion channel defect in mice lacking the alpha 3 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor -- ...
		The Nicotinic Receptor in the Rat Pineal Gland Is an {alpha}3{beta}4 Subtype
		Phenotypic Characterization of an alpha 4 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Knock-Out Mouse
		Subtype-Selective Inhibition of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Cocaine Is Determined by the alpha 4 and beta 4 Subunits
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/96/10/5746 (1342 words)

	The alpha 9 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Shares Pharmacological Properties with Type A gamma -Aminobutyric Acid, ...
		Le Novere N and Changeux J (1995) Molecular evolution of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: an example of multigene family in excitable cells.
		Zhang Z and Feltz P (1991) Bicuculline blocks nicotinic acetylcholine responses in isolated intermediate lobe cells of the pig.
		Nicotinic AChR in Subclassified Capsaicin-Sensitive and -Insensitive Nociceptors of the Rat DRG
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/55/2/248 (4285 words)

	Edward Hawrot - MPPB Faculty :: Brown University
		In the case of the nAChR, receptor activation occurs after binding of the physiological agonist, acetylcholine (ACh), to the receptor complex leading to the transient formation of a cation-selective channel.
		One further advantage to a pharmatope-tagged receptor subunit is that the many commercially available derivates of BGTX can now be used to label and functionally inhibit receptor complexes containing the tagged subunit.
		We are currently assessing the functional sensitivity of the neuronal nicotinic receptors in the peripheral ganglia from these knock-in mice.
	bms.brown.edu /mppb/faculty/hawrot (858 words)

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