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	eye.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Notice there are no gaps between the eye and the eyelid skin.
		Also, the nictating membrane, located in the front corner of the eye, has been sculpted in.
		As a nice little touch, tears have been applied to the juncture of the eye and the bottom eyelid.
	www.crcom.net /~gsc/eye.html (62 words)

	Learn more about Nictitating membrane in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A nictitating membrane is often referred to as a third eyelid.
		(In the human, the nictating membrane is the apparently useless pink lump in the inner corner of the eyes.)
		Nictating membranes are also popular in fictional characters such as Vulcans.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /n/ni/nictitating_membrane.html (195 words)

	Physiological effect of circulating glucagon on the hepatic membrane potential -- Lutz et al. 281 (5): 1540 -- AJP - ...
		Glucagons's influence on the hepatic membrane potential may also be related to its other physiological and metabolic effects.
		Finally, the influence of glucagon on the hepatic membrane potential may be related to cell volume regulation.
		A nonselective cation channel in rat liver cells is activated by membrane stretch.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/5/R1540 (3219 words)

	Cat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cats have a third eyelid, which is a thin cover that appears when you open the cat's eyelid.
		If a cat is sick, this membrane will partially close.
		The wild ancestor of the cat is believed to have been from a desert climate, and cats display behaviours associated with such creatures.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cat_1.html (1050 words)

	Nictitating membrane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nictitating membranes are found in crocodiles, lizards, birds, frogs, most species of sharks, and some species of mammals.
		Unlike human eyelids, the nictitating membrane moves horizontally across the eyeball.
		In sharks it protects the eye while the shark strikes at its prey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nictitating_membrane (384 words)

	nictating membrane position (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Does the nictating membrane move depending on which way the deer is lookingor have its body posture or is it always generally in the same spot.
		I belive it was the last Breakthrough that had a referance picture of a whitetail "blinking" it's nictating membrane.
		The nictitating membrane is part of the eyelid.
	www.taxidermy.net /forums/DeerTaxiArticles/04/c/042B99C3A3.html (167 words)

	Redwood Region Audubon Society - Sandpiper Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Dippers have a particularly thick layer of waterproof feathers, an oil (preen) gland 4 times larger than normal for the size of the bird, and a clear nictating membrane (third eyelid) that protects the eye underwater.
		This nictating membrane in most birds is opaque.
		A pair establishes a linear feeding and breeding territory along a stretch of stream that is defended from other dippers.
	www.northcoast.com /rras/artsep3.htm (311 words)

	Article by Keith Bush: Cats' Eyes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This nictating membrane normally stays concealed but may intermittently appear when a cat is drowsy and content.
		A thin film of liquid, secreted by the cunjunctiva, the nictating membrane and tear glands at the corner of each eye, covers the cornea, the transparent bulge in the front of the eyeball.
		The motion of the eyelids and nictating membrane keep it evenly distributed to maintain a smooth surface through which light can pass.
	www.keithbush.com /article_eyes.htm (1590 words)

	Marn's Big Adventure
		And since she's not one to let Binky steal the spotlight, Savannah developed a problem with her nictating membrane, her "inner eyelid" as it were, said nictating membrane only retracting part way when her eyes were open.
		It took two weeks, but the nictating membrane retracts now.
		I would be ever so grateful if the two fuzzbutts would not tap into any more of their bonus lives for a few more years.
	marn.diaryland.com /catsicle.html (938 words)

	Nictating Membrane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On the McKenzie forms I currently use I seem to get a decent looking membrane representation,on a properly thinned hide, without adding a membrane.
		I just wondered if it would be overkill if I added an additional membrane or if these forms were designed to skip the additional insert.
		Well, considering the nictatating membrane is on the eye itself, and not on the form, I'm not sure how you think the form is adding that membrane for you.
	www.taxidermy.net /forums/DeerTaxiArticles/03/g/03E81E67AB.html (273 words)

	Forum Message: 'A: third eyelid' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Only on had a true genetic deformity where she had an actual 3rd eyelid, but the other 2, at about the same age as fulham, had their nictating membrane start to grow over the eyeball.
		Often the Vet will cut away the nictating membrane if it is growing over the eye.
		Not to alarm you but SOMETIMES, not all the time, a cat's vision can be affected from the Nictating membrane growing over the eye.
	www.practical-pet-care.com /cat_question.php?ID=2.2005071802284597 (516 words)

	Has anyone ever heard of this - TheCatSite.com Forums
		The other eyelid the vet was refering to is called a "nictating membraine" - you normally don't see it on a kitty except when they're sleep or sick.
		The one big sign that a kitty is ill is when the nictating membrane is present.
		However, if it doesn't clear up within a week, i'd take the kitty to a different vet for a second opinion- a kitty should not be made to wait 6 weeks with a nictating membrane present before going back to the vet.
	www.thecatsite.com /forums/showthread.php?p=1459978#post1459978 (396 words)

	The Human Body
		The nictating membrane is that small useless fold in the corner of your eye.
		The brain is surrounded by a membrane laced with nerves that transmit sensations to the organ.
		The brain is surrounded by a membrane containing veins and arteries.
	derylmitchell.com /id45.html (8700 words)

	ChromeX
		These membranes are slim films which lower to protect the wearer's eye on somatic command (usually blinking hard).
		The membranes protects the eyes from dust, smoke and other surface irritants including liquids.
		It has an excellent night vision and is protected with a nictating membrane (+3 versus dazzle).
	www.paper-dragon.com /cyberpunk/chromex/bioware.html (636 words)

	Nictating Membranes
		Use this membrane when your eye set requires more exposure of the membrane.
		Competition quality membranes similar to the NM-5 but shorter in length.
		Designed more for commercial or professional use when eye sets don't require a lot of membrane exposure.
	www.eppleybrothers.com /nictatingmembranes.html (179 words)

	Brain and Behavior: Lecture 1
		The transmitters are released when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the presynaptic membrane at the synapse.
		The action potential refers to a brief fluctuation of the electrical charge in the membrane of the neuron, caused by the fast opening and closing of ionic channels, which depends on the voltage (ion flux).
		REM 60 to 70 waves/sec Maximal retraction of the pupil and nictating membrane follow the volleys of ocular movements.
	www-psych.stanford.edu /~kalina/BB/Lecture01 (4297 words)

	Tundra Swans: An Introduction
		This third eyelid is clear, covering the eye when the two outer eyelids are open, and acting as a windscreen wiper.
		Because of this nictating membrane the swan can see clearly while flying through fog and rain or when he dips his head underwater.
		Because the eyes are located on the sides of the head, the swan has a wide field of vision.
	www.uen.org /swan/TSJigsaw.html (1269 words)

	Cat's Eyes
		Every one of these colors may come in variety of shades but in competition, the clearer the color, the better.
		This membrane is white, and if you are not used to seeing it, it can look quite odd.
		It is the first of the 3 eyelids to move across the cornea when alerted something is happening [light, wind, etc].
	www.penmarric.ns.ca /catcare/usefulinfo/cateyes.htm (458 words)

	Cat's eye secondary membrane Text - Physics Forums Library
		It it will become more apprant when the cat is at rest where it will unfold from the corner and cover most of the cat's eye.
		My question is why dose a cat have it i can see when my cat is sleeping his eyes are closed so what makes a membrane of this nature exist.
		02-01-2004, 07:56 AM I'm no expert, but I believe it is called a nictating membrane.
	www.physicsforums.com /archive/index.php/t-3774.html (137 words)

	Common Diseases of Goats - Health - GOATWORLD.COM
		Anaemia covers groups of conditions characterized by paleness of skin and membrane.
		Symptoms can be seen nictitating membrane of the eyes, mucous membrane of the mouth, skin around the udder and valve.
		This occurs when goat heavily infested with worm, pale of mucous membrane, along with protruding nictating membrane and scouring, swollen head with Jaundice is seen in lepto spirosis, but the mucous membrane Jaundice often seen with yellow serum exudes from facial skin.
	www.goatworld.com /articles/health/commondiseases.shtml (3339 words)

	CherryEye
		The gland of the third eyelid is located within the base of the third eyelid.
		The third eyelid (nictating membrane) lies between the lower eyelid and the eyeball at the inside corner of each eye.
		The third eyelid protects the eye and helps contain and distribute tears over the surface of the eye.
	tntx2.com /cherryeye.html (1005 words)

	Aliens
		They can see very well under the water, having developed nictating membranes that allows them as much visual ability underwater as they had on land.
		Histah reflexes are sharper than normal Terran reflexes, and they can move quickly for a creature of their size and weight.
		They have nictating membranes to protect their eyes from extremes of light.
	members.tripod.com /starbase_10/aliens.htm (4509 words)

	BSEInfo.org The Source For Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Information
		The USDA, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and many arms of the livestock industry have taken steps for a decade to prevent BSE from spreading in the U.S. The disease agent for BSE, to date, only has been found in brain tissue, the spinal cord and retina of naturally infected cattle.
		However, evaluation of experimentally inoculated cattle has found BSE infectivity in additional nervous and other tissues, specifically the dorsal root ganglia (nervous tissues connected to the spinal cord) and trigeminal ganglia (nervous tissue connected to the brain), as well as distal ileum (tissues in the intestines), tonsil, and the third eyelid (nictating membrane).
		This research involved a series of experiments in which calves were either intracranially injected with or fed relatively large amounts of heavily infected brain from clinical BSE cases.
	www.bseinfo.org /resoTSE.aspx (1023 words)

	Pyramid: The Yalkani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Their mouth is ringed by cilia which serve as a sensory apparatus and, when stiffened with bodily fluid, as a defensive weapon (1d6 cutting damage after a successful grapple).
		Their eyes are wide-set and feature a protective nictating membrane.
		Their vision is much poorer that humans, and Yalkani rely much more heavily on smell and touch, both of which are excellent by human standards.
	www.sjgames.com /pyramid/sample.html?id=4525 (369 words)

	PROVET HEALTHCARE INFORMATION - Eversion of the Third Eyelid (Nictating Membrane) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		You should seek the advice of your veterinarian if your pet is ill as only he or she can correctly advise on the diagnosis and recommend the treatment that is most appropriate for your pet.
		This a condition in which the cartilage of the third eyelid (also called the nictitating membrane) rolls outwards or inwards and resembles a scroll.
		Surgical removal of the affected piece of cartilage using a submucosal resection technique and taking care not to damage the free edge of the eyelid.
	www.provet.co.uk /health/diseases/eye-ev3rd.htm (201 words)

	Botrina Dobermans - Doberman Breeding Kennel in B.C. Canada
		Tears are secreted by two “lacrimal” glands ; one just above the eye and the other in the third eyelid, also called the “nictating membrane”.
		The conjunctival tissues around the eye gets red, the cornea itself over time will turn brown in an effort to protect the eye, and a gooey yellow discharge will become apparent.
		It occurs when there is a deficiency in the water portion of the tear film which normally accounts for 95% of the tear volume.
	www.botrina.ca /articles/dry-eye.html (1021 words)

	Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute - BRNI Research
		1), rabbit nictating membrane conditioning, rat spatial maze learning and rat olfactory discrimination learning, all activate PKC by causing it to move from the cell body to the membrane walls of neurons critical for the memory task involved (Fig.
		Synaptic signals within specific brain areas were found to be amplified by associative learning paradigms that engage these PKC pathways.
		Alkon DL: Membrane depolarization accumulates during acquisition of an associative behavioral change.
	www.brni.org /research/molecular-pathways.html (1639 words)

	KCS (Dry Eye)
		Tears are secreted by two “lacrimal” glands in dogs and cats: one just above the eye and another in the third eyelid (or so-called “nictating membrane”).
		Without tears, eyes become irritated, the conjunctival tissues around the eyes get red, the cornea itself in time will turn brown in an effort to protect the eye, and a gooey, yellow discharge predominates.
		“Conjunctivae” are the moist pink membranes of the eye socket.
	www.marvistavet.com /html/body_kcs__dry_eye_.html (1422 words)

	Welcome to Owl Facts Owls of New York State, Owl facts of Western New York
		This is why owls can keep their eyes open longer giving the appearance of staring.
		A third eye lid is also in place called a nictating membrane that closes diagonally to clean and protect the surface of the eye giving the bird that sleepy look.
		All owls posses feathers that insulate against heat and cold and are water proofed just like water fowl for rain protection.
	www.owlfacts.com /ofacts.html (778 words)

	Cat Nictating Membrane Package (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Computer-assisted learning (CAL) programs can support many aspects of teaching and learning in undergraduate pharmacology and reduce the need for Laboratory-based practicals that use live animals or animal tissue.
		This program, developed with funding from the Lord Dowding Fund (NAVS), is a simulation of experiments on the superior cervical ganglion - nictitating membrane preparation of the cat in vivo.
		This program has been developed for teaching outside the MBChB.
	www.lts.mvm.ed.ac.uk /cwdev/catmem.htm (69 words)

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