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	Long March Leaders - Marshal Nie Rongzhen
		Nie Rongzhen (pronounced Nee eh Wrong Jung) was born in 1899 near Chongqing into a prosperous family, which sent him to France on a work-study program in 1920.
		Nie joined the Communist Party in 1923, went to Moscow, where he spent six months in military study, returning to China to work in the Whampoa Military Academy under Zhou.
		He was a staunch supporter of Mao at the Zunyi Conference, speaking from a stretcher from wounds suffered at the Xiang River crossing.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Long-March/Long-March-Nie-Rongzhen.html (261 words)

	Marshal Nie Rongzhen, Chinese Military Leaders of the Korean War
		Background and History Nie Rongzhen (pronounced Nee eh Wrong Jung) was born in 1899 in Jiangjin County, Chongqing Province into a prosperous family, which sent him to France on a work-study program in 1920.
		After the formation of the PRC, he was appointed as the mayor of Beijing, commander of the Beijing-Tianjin Garrison Command, and deputy chief of the PLA General Staff.
		Activities in Korean War Nie Rongzhen was the acting chief of the PLA General Staff and vice chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission and the People's Revolutionary Military Committee during the Korean War.
	www.paulnoll.com /Korea/War/Marshal-Nie-Rongzhen.html (383 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Nie Rongzhen
		Nie Rongzhen (December 29, 1899 - May 14, 1992) was a Chinese Communist military leader.
		A graduate of the Soviet Red Army Military College and Whampoa Academy, Nie spent his early career first as a political officer in Whampoa's Political Department, where Zhou served as Director, and in the Chinese Red Army.
		During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he was first assigned as the deputy division commander of the 115th division of the Eighth Route Army, with the commander being Lin Biao, and in the late 1930s he was given a field command close to Yan Xishan's Shanxi stronghold.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen (284 words)

	Nie Rongzhen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		'''Nie Rongzhen''' (Simplified Chinese: 聂荣臻, Traditional Chinese: 聶榮臻, py: Niè Róngzhēn Wade-Giles:''Nieh Jung-chen'') (1899-1992) was a Chinese Communist military leader.
		Nie was born in Jiangjin, Chongqing, the cosmopolitan and well-educated son of a wealthy Sichuanese family.
		A graduate of the Soviet Red Army Military College and Whampoa Academy, Nie spent his early career first as a political officer in Whampoa's Political Department, where Zhou served as Director, and in the Red Army, but in the late 1930s he was given a field command close to Yen Hsi-shans Shanxi stronghold.
	nie-rongzhen.kiwiki.homeip.net (326 words)

	ArmsControlWonk: PLA Procurement Website
		China’s defense R&D sector has been fantastically corrupt since the late 1950’s, when Deng Xiaoping asked Marshal Nie Rongzhen—an old buddy from their student days in Paris—whether he wanted to be mayor of Beijing or run the country’s scientific programs.
		Nie chose the latter, becoming the first head of the China’s Commission of Science Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND), eventually stacking COSTIND with enough family members and cronies to make Dick Cheney blush.
		The Chinese leadership finally got around to tackling this empire in the 1990s, forcing Nie’s daughter, General Nie Li, and her husband, COSTIND Chairman General Ding Henggao, into retirement in 1994 and 1996.
	www.armscontrolwonk.com /835/pla-procurement-website (480 words)

	Chinese Industry: Manufacturer Directory - politics law --> military --> strategist --> of china --> ten marshal of ...
		Republic marshal: Nie honour become memorial hall - Sichuan province river saliva county person.
		Nie honour become memorial hall - reappear Nie honour the advanced ideological, fine style, lofty morals and splendid achievement that becomes marshal.
		Nie honour become - offer the brief introduction of life story.
	www.chineseindustry.com /companies/politics_law/politics_law-68177.asp (152 words)

	Nie Rongzhen
		The second from the left in the first row is Nie Rongzhen.
		A group photo of the leading cadres of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region: Starting from the left: Nie Heting, Nie Rongzhen, Lü zhengcao, Yang Chengwu, Shu Tong, Zhao Erlu, Tang Yanjie and Liu Daosheng.
		Nie Rongzhen at Anti-Japanese front in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region in 1939.
	www.chinaphile.com /nie_rongzhen.htm (263 words)

	Information Division, Taipei Economic and Cultural Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It was mostly Marshall Nie Rongzhen, however, who reformulated a strategic and comprehensive package of defense technology for China at that time.
		The author states that Deng had three goals: to shift investment strategy from capital intensive to light industries, to promote demilitarization of industry and finally, to broaden the role of technology in economic policy.
		China's break with the past had become a challenge throughout the history of the Communist party and technological development was the touchstone for its rise to global power, the author said.
	www.taipei.org /book/no039/techno.html (638 words)

	Amazon.com: "Nie Rongzhen": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Together with Nie Rongzhen, he chose to be in the rear.
		Marshal Nie Rongzhen, a hero of the early Chinese space programme.
		MR under the command of Nie Rongzhen covered Hebei and Shanxi; and Xibei (Northwest) MR under the command of He Long included Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai,...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Nie-Rongzhen (617 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: China: Missile Chronology
		Nie Rongzhen issues a paper entitled Preliminary views on Establishing China's missile research to the Central Committee Military Commission.
		Vice-premier Nie Rongzhen is in charge of the Institute, with Qian Xuesen as its first director.
		The PLA, directed by Nie Rongzhen, establishes the Science and Technology Commission for National Defense.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/China/Missile/5657.html (2140 words)

	China's manned rocket launch will overlook grave of space program pioneer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He is one among 500 people, all participants in China's decades-old efforts to reach into space, who are buried at a cemetary near the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern Gansu province, Xinhua news agency reported.
		Nie, a marshal in the People's Liberation Army, was a driving force not just in China's space program, but also its endeavors to acquire a nuclear bomb.
		The government has announced that the Shenzhou V manned space vehicle will be launched between October 15 and 17 and orbit the earth 14 times on a 21-hour mission.
	www.spacedaily.com /2003/031012080926.zps23gi9.html (191 words)

	Stefan Landsberger's Chinese Propaganda Poster Pages--Nine Marshals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He was one of the military supporters of Hua Guofeng's coup against the Gang of Four.
		Nie Rongzhen (below left, 1899-1992) commanded the armored units of the PLA during the war against Japan.
		Nie was one of the military supporters of Hua Guofeng's coup against the Gang of Four.
	www.iisg.nl /~landsberger/pla2.html (533 words)

	Qwika - similar:Liu_Bocheng
		He was instrumental in suppressing the coup of 1929-30, and expanding KMT military power throughout the 1930s.
		Nie Rongzhen (Simplified Chinese: 聂荣臻, Traditional Chinese: 聶榮臻, py: Niè Róngzhēn, Wade-Giles: Nieh Jung-chen) (December 29, 1899 - May 14, 1992) was a Chinese Communist military leader.
		In 1920 Nie joined the group of Chinese...
	www.qwika.com /rels/Liu_Bocheng (1100 words)

	China's manned rocket launch overlooked grave of space program pioneer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		China's first manned space flight took off Wednesday from a site will take place close to the burial place of Nie Rongzhen, one of the founders of China's space program.
		Nie is one among 500 people, all participants in China's decades-old efforts to reach into space, who are buried at a cemetary near the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern Gansu province, Xinhua news agency reported.
		A marshal in the People's Liberation Army, he was a driving force not just in China's space program but also its endeavors to acquire a nuclear bomb.
	www.spacedaily.com /2003/031015023536.6a1vxtif.html (148 words)

	Film makes young Deng youth idol
		In 1920, 16-year-old Deng Xiaoping, named Deng Xixian at that time, left for France, to learn something really useful to save his mother country, which was suffering from both aggression from outside and warlordism within at that time.
		In the following years, he got to know Nie Rongzhen, the late marshal of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and Zhou Enlai, the first premier of the People's Republic of China.
		Influenced by the two, he joined the Chinese Communist Party and took part in a series of revolutionary activities, such as editing magazines and leading Chinese people in Europe in protests against the warlords at home.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-07/27/content_351903.htm (335 words)

	China Stamps 1999-19 Scott 2990-91 The Birth Centennial of Comrade Nie Rongzhen
		China Stamps 1999-19 Scott 2990-91 The Birth Centennial of Comrade Nie Rongzhen
		Title: Portrait of Nie Rongzhen in military uniform
		Nie Rongzhen(1899-1992),from Jiangjin, in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, was an outstanding and dedicated proletarian revolutionary and strategist.
	www.xabusiness.com /china-stamps-1999/1999-19.htm (247 words)

	Jiangjin tourism net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		one day tour to former residence of marshal nie rongzhen
		Morning: set out from chongqing, visit the former residence of marshal nie rongzhen, the longest antithetic couplet, buy local foods(mihuatang,zhimagan, jiangjin baijiu and so on)
		It is held by Jiangjin tourism administration bureau.
	www.cqjjly.com /en/lines/line_view.asp?id=10 (70 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Nie Li, female, Han nationality, is a native of Jiangjin, Sichuan Province.
		Nie, who is a daughter of the late marshal Nie Rongzhen and the wife of Ding Henggao, has spent much of her career working in industry and technology in areas connected to national defense.
		She has also served as an official of the All-China Women's Federation, and been involved in positions in the NPC for 20 years.
	www.chinavitae.com /printer_friendly.php?id=1020 (138 words)

	Amazon.com: "General Nie": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ii l longzhang's Huai Army, now led by General Nie Shicheng, was mostly commanded by natives of Anhui.
		On January 6, General Nie Rongzhen issued a procla- mation requisitioning the military barracks in the U.S. embassy compound in Beijing.
		General Nie Rongzhen, the area commander, told me that Mao wanted loans from America to rebuild the country after the Communists won...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/General-Nie (498 words)

	Mao's Generals Remember Korea Infantry Magazine - Find Articles
		The accounts by the Chinese general officers are somewhat uneven and, as an American reader would expect, tend to exaggerate CPVF accomplishments and put their setbacks in the best possible light.
		In addition to Marshal Peng, the recollections include those of Marshal Nie Rongzhen, acting chief of the PLA general staff; General Hung Xuezhi, chief of the CPVF logistics; and General Yang Dezhi, who held a series of high-level commands within the CPFV.
		From a strategic standpoint, Marshal Nie's analysis of the decision to launch and prosecute the "War to Resist America and Aid Korea" provides some insight into Chinese thinking at the highest levels of government.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0IAV/is_2_93/ai_n6124016 (578 words)

	nmgnews --- Marshal Nie Rongzhen and martyrs long sleep in Dongfeng Aeronautics and Space City
		Marshal Nie Rongzhen and martyrs long sleep in Dongfeng Aeronautics and Space City
		With the successful launch of "Shenzhou V", the Inner Mongolia-based Dongfeng Space City unveiled its longtime mystery.
		Since 1960s, Dongfeng Space City has shouldered the honorable mission of launching missiles and satellites.
	english.nmgnews.com.cn /eng/article/20050930/20150_1.html (98 words)


		The Chinese rotation plan in 1952 improved the supply situation and enabled new soldiers to gain field experience.
		Rongzhen's comments on logistics vary from the informative ("ship food to regions, rather than to units") to worthless ("soldiers uniforms should be neither to thin nor too thick").
		Lieutenant General DuPing's essay was a refreshing change.
	www.chosin.com /xiabang.html (729 words)

	Red Tour Around China
		Tourists will be able to cross snow-capped mountains and plod through grassy swamps, just as the Red Army men did 70 years ago.
		Travellers will be able to branch off from the Long March route to visit the old residence of Deng Xiaoping, China's late paramount leader, and places associated with other prominent former leaders like Zhu De, Nie Rongzhen and Liu Bocheng.
		Organized by the National Tourism Administration and the Sichuan provincial government, publicity activities for the "Red" tours will be held at the Great Hall of the People from March 15, it was announced Thursday.
	english.cri.cn /2245/2005-3-25/135@221023.htm (456 words)

	State Bureau of Aerospace / Ministry of Aerospace Industry [MOA] - China Nuclear Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The origins of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry [MOS] date to the establishment of Military Academy 5, a specialized research organization for China's missiles and launch vehicles.
		On October 6, 1956, under the directive leadership of Vice-Premier Nie Rongzhen, the No.5 Research Academy of the Ministry of National Defense missile development organization was set up and Dr. Qian Xuesen was appointed the president.
		In 1964, the Party Central Committee and the State Council decided to establish the Seventh Ministry of Machine Building, on the basis of Military Academy 5, to unify the leadership of the missile industry, concentrate forces and to speed up the development of missiles.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/china/agency/mos.htm (326 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It received the initial impetus from the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics but this assistance ended by 1960.
		While Mao provided the political leadership, it was Marshal Nie Rongzhen who is today acknowledged as the father of the space programme.
		Others, like Liu Bocheng and Peng Dehuai, also provided the military thrust.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1031016/asp/opinion/story_2463532.asp (1141 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Subsequently, he served as president of the Chinese Society of Inertial Technology.
		Ding is the husband of Nie Li, also a general, whose father is the late Marshal Nie Rongzhen.
		Ding Henggao was an alternate member of the 12th CPC Central Committee and a member of the 13th and 14th CPC Central Committees.
	www.chinavitae.com /printer_friendly.php?id=766 (196 words)

	Fredericksburg.com - French town trumpets Chinese revolution link
		Many Chinese first learned of and converted to Marxism while in France, and the list of those who went on to play lead roles in the 1949 communist takeover of China reads like a revolutionary's who's who.
		Aside from Deng, others who enrolled in the work-study program in France included Zhou Enlai, who went on to become communist China's premier for three decades; Chen Yi, who became foreign minister, and military commander Nie Rongzhen, to name just a few.
		Nearly 2,000 young Chinese made the long trip in the early 1920s.
	fredericksburg.com /News/FLS/2006/112006/11252006/238975 (715 words)

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