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Topic: Nigerian pidgin

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	Nigerian Pidgin English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nigerian Pidgin English is a restructured form of English with Nigerian elements (words, turns of speech, and connotations) added in.
		Nigerian Pidgin English, along with the various pidgin and creole languages of West Africa, displays a remarkable similarity to the various dialects of English found in the Caribbean.
		Use of the word "deh" or "dey" is found in both Jamaican Patois and Nigerian Pidgin English, and is used in place of the English word "is" or "are".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nigerian_Pidgin_English (664 words)

	Pidgins and Creoles - ninemsn Encarta
		Pidgins are often viewed as “broken” or inferior languages but they are in fact creative adaptations of natural languages, and have a grammatical structure and rules of their own.
		Some pidgins, known as expanded pidgins, may become so useful that they develop a formal role in communication and are sometimes given official status by a community as a lingua franca, as in the case of Hiri Motu, a Motu-based pidgin that is an official language in Papua New Guinea.
		If a pidgin is used frequently enough and develops more roles in a community it can be passed on by parents to children and so becomes a mother tongue; it is then called a creole, and its vocabulary, grammar, and other linguistic features undergo an expansion as the functions of the language expand.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557102/Pidgins_and_Creoles.html (428 words)

	Nigerian Pidgin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nigerian Pidgin is a dialect of English spoken as a kind of lingua franca across Nigeria that is referred to simply as "Pidgin", "Broken English" or "Brokan".
		Nigerian Pidgin is also spoken across West Africa, in countries such as Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Cameroon.
		Pidgin English - English Dictionary for the Nigerian dialect referred to simply as "Pidgin" or as "Broken English" or "Brokan".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nigerian_Pidgin (241 words)

	pidgin Information Center - pidgin
		At this stage the hawaiian pidgin language is no longer a pidgin, as it has acquired the full complexity of a human language, and becomes a creole.
		Sabir was a pidgin and creole types bislama pidgin english pidgin basque common pidgin in the Southwestern ports of the Mediterranean.
		nigerian pidgin Scholars unscramble hawaiian pidgin though dispute this derivation of the word "pidgin", and suggest alternative etymologies since it pidgin racer alec hodgkinson was known also pidgin english bibles as "Pigeon talk pidgin English" mine and construction pidgins in reference to imagery of the passenger shows and attractions in pidgin forge tn pidgins pigeon.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_N_-_P/pidgin.html (921 words)

	The Head Heeb: African creoles revisited
		Noting that Pidgin is commonly used in songs, the Professor however observed that very little literature, if any at all, exists in Pidgin and asked if there is any future literary for Pidgin which can be easily read in Nigeria and even outside the country.
		Nigerian Pidgin, which is properly a creole rather than a pidgin, has a similar vocabulary and is in fact partially intelligible with Krio.
		Nigeria in particular is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in Africa, and to the extent that Nigerian Pidgin serves as a nationwide medium of communication, its importance should be officially recognized.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/021146.html (788 words)

	Untitled
		Nigerian Pidgin is distinguished from the other 400 or so languages by the fact that it is spoken by members of every regional, ethnolinguistic and religious group in the federation.
		Nigerian Pidgin is distinguished from Nigerian Standard English by the fact that it is spoken by members of every socioeconomic group, while only those with many years of formal education can claim to speak Standard English with any proficiency.
		Nigerian Pidgin may very well have developed from one or several such pidginized Nigerian languages that were spoken along the coast before the Europeans arrived.
	www.fask.uni-mainz.de /user/le/Page2.html (19930 words)

	Language Varieties: Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A pidgin is a new language which develops in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but don't share a common language.
		When children start learning a pidgin as their first language and it becomes the mother tongue of a community, it is called a creole.
		Like a pidgin, a creole is a distinct language which has taken most of its vocabulary from another language, the lexifier, but has its own unique grammatical rules.
	www.une.edu.au /langnet/defintions.htm (400 words)

	Pidgin and Educatino
		Da Pidgin Coup is a group of people, mainly University of Hawai`i faculty and students in the Department of Second Language Studies, who have been meeting regularly since Fall 1998 to work on aspects of Pidgin (also known as Hawai`i Creole English and Hawai`i English Creole).
		Pidgin is the name speakers use for the language variety which is technically called Hawai`i Creole English or Hawai`i English Creole by linguists.
		We should recognize that Pidgin is the first language of many students and that the process of comparing Pidgin to English and other languages will be an extremely effective means of developing understanding of variation in world languages and preparing students for the acquisition of additional languages.
	www.hawaii.edu /sls/pidgin.html (8145 words)

	[No title]
		As a case in point, he has undertaken research on Anglo-Nigerian Pidgin (ANP, or 'Nigerian Pidgin English') - an endogenous, Atlantic pidgin, which is said to have evolved from contacts between Portuguese sailors (15th century), then, British traders and colonizers (18th century), and the multiple, native tribes on the southern coastlines of present-day Nigeria.
		His current research focus is on attitudes of various socio-occupational groups to ANP in six urban centres in southern Nigeria, and seven urban centres in northern Nigeria.
		(2002a) "Reduplication in pidgins and creoles: Illustrations from Anglo-Nigerian Pidgin." Graz Reduplication Conference (3-6 November; Universität Graz, Graz, Austria).
	www.surrey.ac.uk /ALRG/Charles.Mann/index.html (1017 words)

	The Pidgins and Creoles in Education (PACE) Newsletter
		The educationalists’ reaction to pidgin being used by students in secondary schools and universities are quite violent at times: “The indiscriminate use of pidgin English is leading the nation towards illiteracy” (Egblewogbe 1992:1).
		In sum, pidgin in Ghana is highly stigmatized although it enjoys covert prestige as an in-group language among educated male Ghanaians.
		As for Nigerian Pidgin, it has no official status whatsoever and is seen as debased version of English so that its possible role in national development is for now not appreciated.
	www.hawaii.edu /satocenter/pace/8-special.htm (2570 words)

	International Englishes
		Social and linguistic History of Nigerian Pidgin English: As Spoken by the Yoruba with a Special Reference to the English Derived Lexicon.
		Pidgin and Creole Languages: Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke.
		Pidginization and Creolization of Languages: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, 1968.
	www.wright.edu /~martin.kich/IntEng/Pidgins.htm (1402 words)

	OHCHR: Nigerian Pidgin English () - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A Pidgin (and also a Creole) is a language variety used for interethnic contact.
		As opposed to the Creole (see Haitian Creole), the Pidgin is usually not anyone's primary language (so its users have their native tongue to fall back on for in-group communication), but when it becomes a native language for its speakers it is called a Creole.
		Nigerian Pidgin English, which, though not being considered a Creole, also has native speakers, is a mixed language drawing from English and different African languages.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/pcm.htm (2709 words)

	Pidgin Vs. Rotten English in Soyinka and Saro-Wiwa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Nigerian Civil War which I saw from very close quarters among young soldiers in Bonny where I was civilian Administrator, provided me with the right oppurtunity.
		In most of his earlier works, the proportion of pidgin compared with English seems to increase in favor of teh former with the degree of informality of its speakers.
		Even though Pidgin and Rotten English are used by different authors for different purposes, they both have several goals and reasons in common.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /landow/post/sarowiwa/pidgin.html (800 words)

	untitled
		Pidgin °¡) a language with no native speakers -- a contact language.
		´Ù) Expanded version of pidgin due to the necessity to perform a variety of communicative goals since it now is a mother tongue to many speakers.
		1) Expansionof the morphology and syntax 2) regularization of the phonology 3) deliberate increase in the number of functions in which the language is used ¶ó) a pidgin is involved in the earliest stage of each creole.
	www.uwm.edu /People/tslim/lecture/diglossia.htm (415 words)

	Educational CyberPlayGround: What is Pidgin? What is Creole?
		A pidgin is a new language which develops in situations where speakers of different languanges need to communicate but don't share a common language.
		A PIDGIN is a version of a language which is stripped of virtually everything except what is necessary to basic communication, meaning no, or all but no morphology, a relatively small lexicon, a preference for juxtaposition over subordination, etc.
		Creoles are distinguished synchronically by, though being full languages, retaining signs of their pidgin ancestry, such as virtual absence of both inflection and tone, and highly transparent derivational processes.
	www.edu-cyberpg.com /Linguistics/explainpidgin.html (410 words)

	Pidgin English language and culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		West African Pidgin English West African Pidgin English (WAPE) is a cover term for several related pidgins spoken over a wide area of West Africa including Ghana, Nigeria, Togo, Benin and Cameroon.
		A Brief History of Pidgin: Pidgin or Pidgin English evolved through the interaction of immigrants of many races and cultures who migrated to Hawaii to work on the Sugar Plantations.
		Pidgin English, is a way of communicating among the locals as well as non locals who have lived here for a long time.
	www.lonweb.org /link-pidgin.htm (704 words)

	about the centre
		Over the years, the literature on pidgins and creoles in general have been steadily and slowly rising, and the pace of research in the field of pidgin and creole linguistics has been largely dictated by the interests and pace of the few scholars and researchers in the field.
		Thus, the centre for the study of pidgin and creole languages was established in February 2001 as a fulcrum to drive and collaborate work on pidgin and creole languages and cultures especially in
		The closeness of Benin to other Pidgin communities especially to Sapele and Warri where the language is already creolising, and to Lagos and Port Harcourt where the language is increasingly becoming popular as the language of the media, popular music and advertising.
	www.cpcs.freeservers.com (623 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / KrioPidgin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pidgin is spoken in Cameroon, the southeast quadrant of Nigeria, Ghana, and Togo.
		Pidgin, Cameroon (Wes Cos) (Similar to Krio of Sierra Leone and Pidgin English of various West African countries; probably an offshoot of 19th century Krio)
		Elsewhere, Pidgin is a lingua franca, although there are pockets of first-language speakers in Nigeria and coastal Cameroon.
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/KrioPidgin (470 words)

	Pidgin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nichols, Patricia C. „Pidgins and Creoles.“; Sandra Lee McKay and Nancy H. Hornberger (eds.).
		Only about 120 of the Nigerian native languages have been studied in depth with regard to their orthographic, grammatical and lexical systems.
		In the long run, however, the missionary schools were unable to meet the demands for educated Nigerians, and the colonial government began to establish state schools from the turn of the century on.
	members.aol.com /AfriPalava2/Pidgin.html (2230 words)

	Nigeria on the Internet
		The case of Ikpe of whom "The main reason for her arrest seems to be her relationship to her brother-in-law Colonel R.S.B. Bello-Fadile, a legal advisor to the Government..." who was accused of involvement in an alleged coup-plot.
		The three major Nigerian languages namely Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa feature prominently in Pidgin English in general, however with Lagos being historically a Yoruba city 'Lagos Pidgin' consists of a disproportionately high number of Yoruba words." Babawilly is a writer and "siddon comedian." http://www.ngex.com/personalities/babawilly/dictionary/default.htm
		Journal of the Association of Nigerian Studies and Development, a professional scholarly society committed to advancing the understanding of Nigerian society and its place in the advancement of educational, political and economic resources throughout the country and global economy." Has the table of contents plus TOC of older issues.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/nigeria.html (9511 words)

	< < e - N i g e r i a . i n f o > >
		Nigerian clothing is usually a loose embroidered or floral top and a pair of slacks or baggy shorts, or wrapper (a sari-like piece of colourful ankle-length cloth wrapped around the waist, for women).
		Pidgin is a linguistic and social bridge between classes.
		Because pidgin English is widely used socially and in some official circumstances, it is always useful to learn a few pidgin words.
	www.abuja.net /tips.htm (2800 words)

	Nigerian Pidgin
		Pidgin versus Rotten English in Soyinka and Saro-Wiwa
		A short essay on Nigerian Pidgin in fiction.
		The Centre for Pidgin and Creole studdies (cpcs)is an ongoing intellectual project to drive and collaborate work on pidgin and creole languages and cultures especially in Africa.
	www.squidoo.com /nigerianpidgin (241 words)

	…My heart’s in Accra » My heart is vacationing in Nigeria
		While we’re on the subject of the burgeoning Nigerian blogosphere, Imnakoya of Grandiose Parlor mentions that mainstream Nigerian newspapers seem to be catching on to the phenomenal growth of Naija blogs.
		If you read just one Nigerian blog this week (and who can stop with just one?), read “Teju Cole”, the lyrical chronicle of a journey home by a Nigerian living in the US.
		Another good document in Nigerian pidgin is the UN Declaration of Human Rights.
	www.ethanzuckerman.com /blog/?p=330 (490 words)

	NYU Department of Linguistics: Syllabi
		Creole languages are widely spoken in the Caribbean (in Haiti, Jamaica, and Guyana, for example) and pidgin languages in the South Pacific (Papua New Guinea, and Vanuatu, among other places) and West Africa (Nigeria has at least 30 million speakers of Nigerian Pidgin).
		This course will acquaint students with the basic properties of pidgin and creole languages, and it will explore the ways in which evidence from pidgins/creoles bear upon critical issues in linguistics more generally.
		He is past president of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, co-editor of the forthcoming Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies (Malden, MA: Blackwell), co-editor of the Creole Language Library series (Amsterdam: John Benjamins), and a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/lingu/courses/syllabi/0038/0038_04s.html (440 words)

	Fear Not For Man - Lyrics and Translation
		One the whole the lyrics of `Fear Not For Man' are close to Standard English although a few stylistic features are bound to characteristics of Nigerian Pidgin.
		Significantly, the name of the song comprises both varieties, insofar as the syntax is strictly pidgin, the form of negation, however, is rather untypical for Nigerian Pidgin as `NP has only one negator no...`.
		In Nigerian Pidgin `for' is usually the only preposition.
	ntama.uni-mainz.de /docs/language_as_product/node7.html (740 words)

	SOCIETY FOR PIDGIN AND CREOLE LINGUISTICS
		In this paper, the grammatical systems of Nigerian Pidgin (NP) and Tok Pisin (TP) are compared with the goal of measuring the descriptive and explanatory capacity of a universals approach to creole genesis and development versus a substrate/areal approach.
		Anglo-Nigerian Pidgin (ANP), or ‘Nigerian Pidgin English’, is an endogenous, Atlantic pidgin, which evolved from contacts between the diverse tribal peoples on the coastlines of part of the-then ‘slave coast’ (present-day Nigeria), and, principally, Portuguese sailors (15th century) and British traders, missionaries and colonial officials (especially from the 18th century).
		Advocating an explicit discrepancy between an early-stage pidgin and a full-fledged creole language, the protolanguage hypothesis claims that the linguistic form of an early hominid, home erectus, is most likely a pidgin-like rudimentary language.
	www.fiu.edu /~creowksh/SPCL_2002AnnualMeeting_San_Francisco.htm (10817 words)

	Language Varieties Network
		to raise educators' awareness of issues of pidgins, creoles, and other stigmatized varieties, thereby increasing understanding of variant-language issues to promote appropriate practices and programs in schools.
		Even though pidgins and creoles are distinct languages, people often think of them as varieties of the lexifier because of their apparent similarity in vocabulary.
		One reason for pidgins and creoles being stigmatized is that people think of them as "incorrect" versions of the lexifier.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~gavinm/home.htm (704 words)

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