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Topic: Nightmare disorder

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	Nightmare Remedies - Excerpt from Dream Wisdom - Alan Siegel, Ph.D.
		Nightmare remedies are self-help techniques that can help adults and children break the spell of their bad dreams and use them for personal growth and creative inspiration.
		When children’s nightmares persist, when their content is consistently violent or disturbing, and when the upsetting conflicts in the dreams never seem to change or even achieve partial resolution, it may be time to seek further help from a mental health specialist or pediatrician.
		Increased nightmares can usually be linked to a recognizable stress in the child’s life such as absence or loss of a parent, suffering abuse or violence, marital or custody disputes in the family, social or academic difficulties at school, such as being teased or having an undiagnosed learning or attention problem.
	www.dreamwisdom.info /library/nightmare_remedies_dw.htm (1496 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Sleep disorders
		Breathing-related sleep disorders are syndromes in which the patient's sleep is interrupted by problems with his or her breathing.
		Nightmare disorder is a parasomnia in which the patient is repeatedly awakened from sleep by frightening dreams and is fully alert on awakening.
		Nightmare disorder is most likely to occur in children or adults under severe or traumatic stress.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0012/ai_2601001270/pg_2 (1020 words)

	Sleep disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sleep disorders are a group of syndromes characterized by disturbance in the patient's amount of sleep, quality or timing of sleep, or in behaviors or physiological conditions associated with sleep.
		To qualify for the diagnosis of sleep disorder, the condition must be a persistent problem, cause the patient significant emotional distress, and interfere with his or her social or occupational functioning.
		If the doctor is considering breathing-related sleep disorders, myoclonus, or narcolepsy as possible diagnoses, he or she may ask the patient to be tested in a sleep laboratory or at home with portable instruments.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/sleep_disorders.jsp (4104 words)

	Parasomnias from Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery / Psychiatry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Primary sleep disorder is a malady of sleep that does not appear to be secondary to a physical or mental illness and is not substance-induced.
		Nightmare disorder: Also called dream anxiety attacks, these are frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep and are associated with tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis, and arousal.
		Sleepwalking disorder: The criterion-based disorder is estimated to occur in 5% of children, but episodes of the disorder have been documented in as many as 30% of clinical samples of children and 7% of clinical samples of adults.
	users3.ev1.net /~drtony/parasoms.htm (6733 words)

	Eating Disorders
		The clinician judges this disruption to be caused by a breathing problem related to sleep such as central or obstructive sleep apnea or central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome.
		Although it is serious enough to warrant clinical attention, the clinician believes another Axis I or II disorder (such as Generalized Anxiety or Major Depressive or Adjustment Disorder) causes it.
		The diagnosis of a Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder should be made only when the symptoms considerably exceed what you would expect from an ordinary case of Intoxication or Withdrawal from that specific substance.
	mysite.verizon.net /res7oqx1/id14.html (1651 words)

	Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nightmare Disorder was not always classified with that name.
		Nightmares are usually outgrown, but it is possible to continue into adulthood.
		Sleep Terror Disorder is similar to Sleepwalking Disorder because they are both thought to occur due to a incomplete transition to waking from deep sleep (Orr, Pressman, 1997, p.69).
	www.umsl.edu /~mgriffin/psy302/Hampton/Parasomniapg2.htm (1667 words)

	Healthinmind/MentalDisorders/SleepDisorders/Nightmare
		Nightmare Disorder, as the name clearly implies, is diagnosed if the individual has detailed and disturbing nightmares that awaken her or him from sleep.
		Nightmares are reported more often in children, more often in females than in males, and most often in people under severe stress.
		The most common period of onset is between 3 and 6 years of age, and the frequency of nightmare disorder is unknown.
	healthinmind.com /english/nightmare.htm (146 words)

	Psychology Today's Diagnosis Dictionary: Nightmares
		Then it may be referred to as Nightmare Disorder (formerly Dream Anxiety Disorder) or may be called "repeated nightmares." "Repeated nightmares" is defined more specifically as having a reoccurring theme in a series of nightmares.
		Nightmares begin in childhood usually before the age of 10 and are considered a normal part of childhood unless they significantly interfere with sleep, development or psychosocial development.
		Nightmares in adulthood are often associated with outside stressors or exist concurrently with another mental disorder.
	www.psychologytoday.com /conditions/nightmare.html (1724 words)

	All About Abnormal Psychology: Sleep Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A nightmare is a terrifying dream that usually causes the person to wake up abruptly.
		Sleep Terror Disorder is characterized by sudden screams that cause the person to wake up abruptly.
		The age of onset for Sleep Terror Disorder for children is between ages 4 and 12.
	www.whatabouthow.com /all-about/abnormal-psychology/sleep-disorders.htm (492 words)

	Mental illness - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A mental illness is a disorder of the brain that results in a disruption in a person's thinking, feeling, moods, and ability to relate to others.
		According to the 2003 report of the U.S. President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, major mental illness, including clinical depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, when compared with all other diseases (such as cancer and heart disease), is the most common cause of disability in the United States.
		Drug therapies for severe mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder and clinical depression, which are consistent with biochemical models, have been remarkably effective, and there are reports of increasingly effective treatments for schizophrenia.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Mental_disorder (1947 words)

	Healthinmind/MentalDisorders/SleepDisorders/SleepTerror
		Sleep Terror Disorder, although it sounds similar to nightmare disorder, is easily distinguished from the latter.
		As with Nightmare Disorder, onset is typically in childhood, but somewhat later (between 4 and 12 years old).
		However, Sleep Terror Disorder may also start in adults between 20 and 30, in which case it is more likely to become chronic.
	healthinmind.com /english/sleepterror.htm (152 words)

	eMedicine - Sleep Disorder: Nightmares : Article by Kevin P Connelly, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nightmare disorder is characterized by repeated episodes of a frightening or unpleasant dream that disrupts the child's sleep.
		On awakening from a nightmare, a child is alert and aware of the present surroundings, but the sleep disturbance causes distress and impairment in everyday functioning.
		Nightmares are often confused with the parasomnia known as night terrors, which are episodes of extreme panic and confusion associated with vocalization, movement, and autonomic discharge.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1609.htm (1069 words)

	Worldbook Medical Encyclopedia > Sabins vaccine - Systole > Sleep terror disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The essential features of this disorder are repeated disorders of abrupt awakening from sleep, usually beginning with a panicky scream.
		Sleep terror disorder is an abrupt awakening from sleep with fear, sweating, rapid heart rate, and confusion.
		Parasomnias included in the DSM IV are Nightmare Disorder, Sleep Terror Disorder, Sleepwalking Disorder and Parasomnia Not Otherwise Specified.
	www.surfablebooks.com /wbmedical/32972/33118/3.htm (240 words)

	The Psychological.com Discussion Group - Nightmare Disorder/Sleep Terrors
		The cycles of nightmares do not follow any noticeable patterns related to stress, etc. I do experience anxiety about going to sleep when these cycles occur, and do not get adequate or restful sleep during the cycle.
		It was common for me to have the same nightmare or a nightmare that would begin where it had left off the night before.
		My nightmares are intense and frightening to the point that sometimes I am afraid to go back to sleep.
	www.psychological.com /forums/printthread.php?t=4 (1078 words)

	Gorji's Sleep Page
		The major complaint for this disorder is the inability to initiate or maintain sleep, or non-restorative sleep (sleep that does not refresh the individual when they awaken).
		As with other sleep disorders, this disorder is not caused by a mental health disorder or a a result of physiological effects of a substance (alcohol or drug) or medical condition.
		This disorder is not caused by substances (drug or alcohol) or a medical condition.
	www.gorji.com /psych/disorders/sleep.html (973 words)

	Causes of Nightmares - Mental Health Disorders on MedicineNet.com
		"Nightmares are so confusing to people," says Barry Krakow, M.D., medical director for the Center for Sleep Medicine and Nightmare Treatment in Albuquerque, N.M. "They think it is their psyche screaming out, but that's only part of the story."
		People with nightmare disorder are often characterized as "thin boundaried," says Ross Levin, Ph.D, associate professor of psychology at Yeshiva University in New York City, and a therapist who treats nightmare disorder and insomnia.
		Levin has also found nightmare sufferers to be more inward looking than the average person and prone to vivid fantasies.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=37618 (558 words)

	Wellspring EAP - Sleep Disorders - Symptoms of Sleep Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The sleep disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of Narcolepsy, Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, or a Parasomnia.
		The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
		The excessive sleepiness is not better accounted for by insomnia and does not occur exclusively during the course of another Sleep Disorder (e.g., Narcolepsy, Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, or a Parasomnia) and cannot be accounted for by an inadequate amount of sleep.
	www.wellspringeap.com /poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=463&cn=100 (882 words)

	Nightmare disorder -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nightmare disorder -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Nightmare disorder is a (Condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning) disorder characterized by frequent awakening from (A terrifying or deeply upsetting dream) nightmares with a vivid remembrance of the dream.
		It is often caused by a major stressful event.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/N/Ni/Nightmare_disorder.htm (51 words)

	Search Tuna Report for nightmare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nightmares are a universal occurrence that we all experience at some time in our lives.
		Nightmares are disturbing dreams which may follow us for years worrying us with their persistence and their vividness.
		Nightmares in ancient times were thought to be caused by evil spirits that would haunt and suffocate people while they slept.
	www.searchtuna.com /ftlive2/3627.html (927 words)

	Student is happy to be alive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Whether it be anorexia, bulimia or a combination of both, this disorder overtakes a person and does not let go until the victim is helped or until he or she eventually dies.
		The signs of this disorder are numerous and, if noticed and acted upon, the disorder can be stopped in its tracks.
		Therefore, I beg of anyone who thinks their co-worker, friend, peer, partner or especially yourself, suffers from any type of eating disorder to educate yourself on the disorder, talk to the individual, and help him or her in any way humanly possible.
	www.siue.edu /ALESTLE/library/fall1997/aug.28.97/alive.html (315 words)

	St. Elizabeth's Group Therapy : Billie sat in a chair that was surrounde
		She knew of her bulimia, and nightmare disorder, but her histrionic disorder..
		and I've been diagnosed with histrionic disorder, bulimia, and nightmare disorder." it was simple and quick to the point, exactly how it should be, no one needed her life story, and she very well doubted they wanted it.
		Fox supposed that most people in the group were probably down with all this crazy psych lingo, but in all honesty he didn't know what half of these disorders were, although he rarely brought this to anyone's attention while they were introducing themselves.
	www.greatestjournal.com /go.bml?journal=group__therapy&itemid=25507&dir=next (482 words)

	Co
		Both OSA and UARS produce a final common pathway of multiple awakenings or micro-arousals from sleep, secondary to the breathing disturbance; this causes sleep fragmentation, poor sleep quality and subjective complaints of daytime fatigue and sleepiness.
		Overall, sleep breathing disturbances appear to be associated with psychological sequelae, such as post-traumatic stress and nightmares; and, chronic sleep fragmentation may be fundamental to this process.
		Thus, improved airflow with CPAP may decrease nocturnal anxiety that might be related to respiratory distress; and this in turn night decrease nightmares.
	www.macalester.edu /psychology/whathap/UBNRP/nightmares/Rcomorbid.htm (537 words)

	Re: nightmare disorder
		Such memories can "chase" or "attack" a person for the rest of their lives in the form of nightmares of being chased or attacked.
		Then I developed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder at around 30 years of age, and the nightmares came much more frequently than ever, among numerous other problems that surfaced then.
		With therapy and a lot of work on myself, I learned a lot more about the sources of my nightmares and eventually the nature of the nightmares changed until they became merely dreams with recurring themes, but were no longer so terrifying.
	www.sleepnet.com /rest3/messages/664.html (445 words)

	NetworkTherapy.com - Find a Therapist, Find a Treatment Facility, Research a Condition
		Access up-to-date and authoritative information on mental disorders and conditions, psychotropic medications, and various theoretical approaches to counseling and psychotherapy.
		Panic disorders typically develop in late adolescence or early adulthood.
		A person who experiences recurrent panic attacks, at least one of which leads to at least a month of increased anxiety or avoidant behavior, is said to have a panic disorder.
	www.networktherapy.com (483 words)

	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Description, Criteria, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments and Medications
		Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the result of a severe and extraordinary stressor in the person's life that may be environmental (a large fire, hurricane), war, or violent crime (armed robbery, child abuse, rape), or the witnessing of violent incidents.
		This disorder should not generally be diagnosed unless there is evidence that it arose within 6 months of a traumatic event of exceptional severity.
		The autonomic disturbances, mood disorder, and behavioural abnormalities all contribute to the diagnosis but are not of prime importance.
	www.mental-health-matters.com /disorders/dis_details.php?disID=77 (897 words)

	BehaveNet® Clinical Capsule™: Nightmare Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On awakening from the frightening dreams, the person rapidly becomes oriented and alert (in contrast to the confusion and disorientation seen in Sleep Terror Disorder and some forms of epilepsy).
		The nightmares do not occur exclusively during the course of another mental disorder (e.g., a Delirium, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) and are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
		Reprinted with permission from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth Edition.
	www.behavenet.com /capsules/disorders/nightmaredis.htm (161 words)

	RemedyFind: Lexapro (Escitalopram) - Lexapro Nightmare
		My doctor changed me from Effexor to Lexapro because I was having a lot of headaches with Effexor and weight gain.
		I would not recommend this to anyone it can be a very dangerous drug.
		According to this review of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials, “Escitalopram 10 or 20 mg/day produced significantly greater improvements in standard measurements of antidepressant effect in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) than placebo in several 8-week, placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, multicentre studies.
	www.remedyfind.com /review_long.asp?id=3746&review_id=8663 (364 words)

	BehaveNet® Clinical Capsule™: mental disorder
		substance use disorders and disorders associated with physical changes or illnesses, many of which directly affect the brain.
		For most of these disorders, however, physical causes have not been demonstrated or are poorly understood, even though biological treatments (e.g.
		They may be distinguished from and classified separately from the personality disorders, or the term may be used in such a way as to include personality disorders.
	www.behavenet.com /capsules/disorders/mntldsrdr.htm (371 words)

	Mental & Emotional Health: Nightmares and Terrors
		People with a nightmare disorder have a severe problem with nightmares.
		Nightmares happen frequently in childhood, especially between the ages of three and six.
		Sleep terrors are much less common than nightmares in children and adults.
	www.bmhcc.org /health/library/ment3159.asp (393 words)

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