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Topic: Nightwatchman state

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	Chris Harman: The state and capitalism today (Part 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Capitalism is led to challenge the state which has accompanied its growth in the past, to act “against the arbitrary and corrupt absolutist state”, to “move to the completion of the bourgeois revolution” in a way reminiscent of 1848.
		The fact that the leading personnel of the state went to the same schools as the leading capitalists, go to the same clubs, and are intermarried with each other, is very important to the individual capitalists in much the same way as are interlocking directorships between firms, their suppliers and their bankers.
		The rise of state capitalism was accompanied by a decline in the proportion of economic transactions that crossed state frontiers.
	www.marxists.de /theory/harman/statcap1.htm (9872 words)

	Night watchman state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The responsibilities in a hypothetical night watchman state would include the police, judicial systems, prisons and the military, the minimum allegedly required to uphold the law, which is limited to protect individuals from coercion and theft, to remove criminals from society, and to defend the country from foreign aggression.
		The view proposing a minimal state is known as minarchism, and is a core part of the libertarian ideology.
		In general, the majority of minarchists use deontological arguments: they claim that a minimal state is good in and of itself (for example because it fits their view of natural law), and that any further extension of government is inherently evil, even if it leads to good consequences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Night_watchman_state (707 words)

	1E:Software Solutions:NightWatchman:FAQ,shutdown all pcs in the evening, PCs reboot
		NightWatchman is a client-side service that allows administrators to control the power state of PCs on a network.
		NightWatchman can ensure that the system is rebooted instead if this state ever occurs, meaning that your systems will always be available for management.
		NightWatchman can force the system to shutdown if you want to be absolutely sure that your systems are shutdown each day at the same time NightWatchman will save any open user data and close applications using the NightWatchman scripts.
	www.1e.com /Softwareproducts/NightWatchman/FAQ.aspx?SectionName=support (2869 words)

	[No title]
		State socialism is attacked not so much because it is egalitarian but because it seeks to accrue more powers for the State to exercise centrally.
		Accepting Bourne's view that war is the health of the State, the Party wants the United States to withdraw from the United Nations, end its foreign commitments, and reduce its military forces to those required for minimal defence.
		In his 'Utopian Glimpses of a World Without States' in _A_Defense_of_Anarchism_ (1970), he maintains that a high order of social co-ordination in a society in which no one claims legitimate authority would only be possible after its members had achieved a high level of moral and intellectual development.
	www.spunk.org /library/otherpol/critique/sp000051.txt (2434 words)

	What Is Living and What Is Dead in Classical Liberalism (May 2002)
		Two noteworthy implications are that the state may not use its coercive apparatus for the purpose of requiring some citizens to aid others; or in order to prohibit individuals from certain activities for their own good or protection.
		Since the state of nature is insecure, the principal aim of the agreement is to eliminate the causes of insecurity.
		The constant danger of the state of nature degenerating into a state of war is the chief reason advanced by Locke for preferring a limited government (civil society) to the state of nature.
	www.fff.org /comment/com0205i.asp (8876 words)

	An introduction to minarchism - Homeland Stupidity
		Nozick went on to state that minarchism was the ultimate natural government; he claimed that a system of anarcho-capitalism would inevitably develop into a minarchist system, and so — given a tabula rasa — minarchism is not only needed and justified but in fact inevitable.
		The essential ideological underpinnings of minarchism, then, stem from a belief that — whilst the state is indeed evil — a state can be created that is limited enough in scope to be justifiable but powerful enough to protect the liberty of its citizens.
		Two noteworthy implications are that the state may not use its coercive apparatus for the purpose of getting some citizens to aid others, or in order to prohibit activities to people for their own good or protection.
	www.homelandstupidity.us /2006/07/08/an-introduction-to-minarchism (880 words)

	The New York Review of Books: The Right to Be Rich or Poor
		Nozick does not say that a state is a good thing and we are all better off with a state than we would be without one.
		Nozick begins his story in a state of nature modeled on that of John Locke, but he leaves this natural condition by another route, avoiding the need for the agreement or social contract that has been a source of so much criticism for Locke and his followers.
		Nozick's minimal state, or "state-like entity" as he sometimes calls it, is a kind of protection agency to which people in the state of nature pay a fee for protection from assault, robbery, and so on.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/9252 (5691 words)

	Adam Smith's Lost Legacy: Mr Prime Minister: Sack Your Researchers!
		Smith believed in a an expanded role for the 18th-century British state and one that was much bigger than the grossly over-interfering state he lived under.
		In book V of ‘Wealth of Nations’ he went on to support the traditional role of the state in the defence of the people from the violent oppressions of neighbouring states, which cost 5 per cent of national income in Marlborough’s time and 15 per cent by the end of the 18th century.
		To defence he added what would have been an enormous increase in government expenditure in his suggestion for the construction, staffing and maintenance of a school in every UK parish educate a literate and numerate population, even with a contribution levied on parents according to their income (from a penny per poor child upwards).
	adamsmithslostlegacy.com /2006/04/mr-prime-minister-sack-your.html (560 words)

	Prof. Kenneth Grasso: Religious Liberty in Contemporary America
		It is the same model of the state that has informed the social teaching of the Church since the pontificate of Pius XII and which has driven the far-reaching transformation Catholic social teaching has undergone during this period.
		The state's role in religious matters, therefore, is not restricted to merely respecting and vindicating against other persons the right of individuals and communities to immunity from coercion in religious matters.
		The state is thus limited by the limited character of its functions relative to the overall economy of human social life, and thus by the responsibilities, the distinctive functions, of the institutions with which it shares the stage of social life.
	www.frinstitute.org /grasso.html (14058 words)

	Robert Nozick [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Nozick's conception of the origins of the state is reminiscent of the social contract tradition in political thought represented by Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and, in contemporary thought, Rawls.
		For insofar as the state arises out of a process that begins with the voluntary retention by individuals of the services of an agency that will inevitably take on the features of a state, it can be seen to be the result of a kind of contract.
		The state, it is held (by, for instance, Rawls and his followers), simply must engage in redistributive taxation in order to ensure that a fair distribution of wealth and income obtains in the society it governs.
	www.iep.utm.edu /n/nozick.htm (4229 words)

	International Law Primer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		United States (1984), the ICJ found the United States guilty of illegally arming, training, equipping, financing, and supplying the Contras in breach of customary law not to intervene in the affairs of another state, but the United States withdrew its acceptance of the Court's judgment and never paid the reparations it was ordered to pay.
		Pareto-efficient states (a Pareto optimum refers to when it is no longer possible to make anyone better off without making at least one person worse off) with competitive electoral politics are the hope and dream of experts who elevate reciprocity to the status of essential cement for and between societies (Kolm 1996).
		Quite often, states do not pursue certain short-term courses of action (that would be in their best interests) out of concern for reciprocity in the long-run.
	faculty.ncwc.edu /toconnor/430/430lect04.htm (8068 words)

	NOZICK, ANARCHY STATE & UTOPIA
		Our main conclusions about the state are that a minimal state, limited to the narrow functions of protection against force, theft, fraud, [and the] enforcement of contracts, and so on, is justified; that any more extensive state will violate persons' rights...
		Chapters 7 and 8 are against 'distributive justice'; chapters 1-6 argue that 'A state would arise from anarchy (as represented in Locke's state of nature) even though no one intended this or tried to bring it about, by a process which need not violate anyone's rights'.
		'Individuals in Locke's state of nature are in "state of perfect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and persons as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave or dependency upon the will of any other man" (sect.
	www.humanities.mq.edu.au /Ockham/y64l16.html (2212 words)

	Sample Chapter for Barber, S.A.: Welfare and the Constitution.
		Examples of state provision corrective of market failure are mandatory state plans for health insurance and old-age pensions that would fail if the healthy, the young, and the affluent were free to opt out for private plans.
		When markets fail, or to the extent and in the respects that market failure proves chronic, the least that can be said is that market principles cease to be normative for civic communities established to serve the needs of their members, and these communities have a reason to compensate for the market's failure.
		And, in a democracy, members of the community who are materially harmed or otherwise troubled by the state's failure can take this as a failure of the general population and therewith as reason for criticism and reform of cultural proportions.
	pup.princeton.edu /chapters/i7647.html (6402 words)

	1E:Software Solutions:NightWatchman:Power off PCs,Auto PC shutdown,Safe Shutdown
		NightWatchman improves energy efficiency and increases understanding of current and potential future power usage.
		NightWatchman, now in its fourth version, uses extremely reliable and proven technology to enable centralised control over shutting down PCs in an enterprise and enforce corporate energy power schemes.
		NightWatchman has the uncanny ability to actually save documents that are still open on a userâs desktop no matter what state the system is in.
	www.1e.com /SoftwareProducts/NightWatchman/Index.aspx (397 words)

	Articles : Kate Hoolu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Negative liberty is what James Mill and Bentham meant; in that as far as possible the state intervention in the life of the individual is kept at an absolute minimum (the "nightwatchman state"); liberty here being the freedom from interference.
		Positive liberty is that found when state intervention (especially in the economy and authoritarian laws) is higher; but that individuals have freedom to do a great many things, this is what JS Mill meant.
		In practice this approach seemed often to lead to a state of chaotic "boom or bust" economies; with recessions and unemployment commonplace.
	www.occultebooks.com /essays/kh/kh2.htm (1108 words)

	Liberty and Property, Sec 5
		Civil rights are the statutes that precisely circumscribe the sphere in which the men conducting the affairs of state are permitted to restrict the individuals' freedom to act.
		Under this system that is called laissez-faire, and which Ferdinand Lassalle dubbed as the nightwatchman state, there is freedom because there is a field in which individuals are free to plan for themselves.
		Every market exchange is, in the words of a school of pro-socialist lawyers, "a coercion over other people's liberty." There is, in their eyes, no difference worth mentioning between a man's paying a tax or a fine imposed by a magistrate, or his buying a newspaper or admission to a movie.
	mises.org /libprop/lpsec5.asp (1801 words)

	AFF's Brainwash :: Gene Healy :: Libertarian Interventionism: Oxymoron?
		Libertarianism views the state, in Washington's phrase, as, like fire, "a dangerous servant and a fearsome master." As David Boaz has suggested, the libertarian's rules for government are something like Smokey the Bear's rules for fire safety: keep it small, keep an eye on it and keep it contained.
		National boundaries and state sovereignty are social constructs, as you say, but they have instrumental value in providing a world order that protects liberty more than the available alternatives.
		It is theoretically possible that a libertarian state might become so powerful and rich (even with minimal taxation) that it could wage a war with negligent consequences to its citizens.
	www.affbrainwash.com /genehealy/archives/007846.php (9288 words)

	What Is Living and What Is Dead in Classical Liberalism
		The federal government couldn't pay its war debts and it relied for funds on the states, which were apt to deny it funds and default on their own obligations.
		A state could have refused to ratify and not entered into the union, but it would still have had to bear its share of the young country's debts and obligations until these had been discharged.
		"Less state" or "less government" may not necessarily mean a return to frontier freedom, and it certainly won't mean an end to the headaches of life.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/731345/posts (11209 words)

	201lec01
		"[Men are born] in a state of perfect freedom, to order their actions and dispose of their possessions, and persons, as they see fit...a state also of equality." (2
		Modern Liberalism argues to extend state action to recognize positive obligations on the part of government to aid others, including providing the means for ensuring availability of basic functional necessities or primary goods.
		Such a limited state permits much unfairness and harmful, tragic social inequalities.
	www.philosophy.ubc.ca /faculty/russellj/201lec01.htm (708 words)

	[No title]
		My argument is that a state is not a precondition of social order in the circumstances depicted in the Homeric epics - and even there, it is just barely not.
		But it is hard to deny that U.S. history reveals (1) cooperation (or "collusion") between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches to enlarge the power of the federal government, and (2) growing federal dominance over state and local governments.
		Bryan Caplan, "Archical Fallacies: Hobbes vs. Locke on the State of Nature," unpub.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/thesis3.txt (5424 words)

	Concept of Justice, October 13 - Nozick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		compare the state to the state of nature
		Difficulty of formulating exact criteria for state, p.
		Ultraminimal state provides services only to those who pay; thus not redistributive
	www.american.edu /dgolash/nozick.htm (389 words)

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