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	BMW E34 Nikasil Engine
		BMW used Nikasil, an Aluminium, Nickel, and Silicon alloy, to line the cylinders of the M60 engines.
		The cross-hatched Nikasil linings react with high sulfur content found in lower quality gasoline, such as those in parts of the United States.
		This reaction causes damage to the very top of the bore, where there is the most contact between the combusting fuel and the cylinder lining.
	www.bmw4life.com /nikasil.htm (405 words)

	Nikasil: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Nikasil was a trademarked nickel nickel quick summary:
		(Nikasil allowed very large cylinder bores with tight tolerances and thus allowed existing engine designs to be expanded easily.
		Nikasil was very popular in the 1990s[For more info, click on this link].
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ni/nikasil.htm (422 words)

	BMW World - Nikasil
		The BMW M60 V-8 and BMW M52 6-cylinder engines (the M52 Nikasil engine never went to the USA) with Nikasil cylinder bore linings are particularly vulnerable to fuel (gasoline or petrol) with a high sulfur content.
		Nikasil has been used in high performance engines because it allows the total elimination of poor-cooling cast-iron, and it is harder and more oleophilic (oil-liking) than cast-iron.
		Once BMW was aware of the Nikasil crisis, BMW replaced the cylinder blocks and also tried to ameliorate the problem by re-programming the DME to ensure higher combustion temperatures.
	www.bmwworld.com /engines/nikasil.htm (937 words)

	Jaguar XJR- Is Your Motor A Nikasil Victim?
		Jaguar, and a lot of other car manufacturers, decided to use Nikasil in their engines in the mid to late 90’s as a way to line a cylinder in an alloy block to avoid the expense of steel liners.
		Nikasil turned out to be less than expected in the durability category and when this coating wears out, compression drops and significant power will be lost.
		A lot of the Nikasil Jaguar XJR cars had their engines replaced under warranty, but there are a lot out there who missed out.
	www.xjr-registry.com /articles/a9.html (495 words)

	Hirth Text.html
		Although steel sleeves are less expensive than Nikasil, steel cannot dissipate heat as efficiently as aluminum and expands at a slower rate.
		Nikasil coated cylinders have a hardened surface that cannot peel and is more wear resistant than steel sleeves.
		Although the Nikasil process is very expensive, the resulting increase in the engines life span, performance, and reliability more than offsets the cost.
	www.recpower.com /hirth.htm (1656 words)

	Koala Motorsport - tech-home
		An important point in the Nikasil issue that has become quite clear over the last couple of years is that it's really not an issue any more.
		We personally have seen Nikasil engines with 30K+ miles on them with 4% or less leak down, because the engines were installed at or about the time that the fuel changes took place.
		The blocks are made of Nikasil, which is Aluminum impregnated with Nickel and Silicone.
	www.koalamotorsport.com /article-m60v8.asp (1308 words)

	The BMW Nikasil issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The “Nikasil issue” is a serious problem that affects all BMW motor cars with engine blocks with “Nikasil” liners in their alloy block when high sulphur fuel has been used.
		Nikasil has been used for a long time and is still used by BMW in their motorcycle engines – without problems.
		If you discover you have a car with the Nikasil problem, the first thing to do is to remind yourself that the car was good value because of the issue, and that although irritating, it is not the end of the world.
	www.e34v8.co.uk /nikasil.htm (3696 words)

	ARP Head Studs and Thru-Bolt Kits
		We first started offering over-bore and nikasil plating on cast iron cylinders for the wonderful wear characteristics, on top of the reduction in friction which provides more HP and lower oil temperatures.
		In high endurance applications, the nikasil plating offers superior wear properties and oiling that cast iron alone cannot offer where our Nickies cylinders or any other cylinders for that matter are not allowed by class rules.
		Nikasil plating thin-wall cast iron cylinders also help to strengthen the weak cylinder and fight ovality, washboarding, and eventual distortion of bores that leads to uneven compression, high leakdown figures, and cylinders that need to be replaced.
	www.lnengineering.com /reconditioning.html (1105 words)

	1671. Where is the Nikasil®?
		Brush plating of this process may be less problematic than Kanisil or Nikasil, although the abrasion resistance is less for Elnisil.
		The first thing to be aware of is that the Nikasil layer will probably be very thin, and so you should be prepared for that when considering any machining operation.
		There seem to be alternatives to Nikasil for the wear resistance improvement of aluminum cylinder bores.
	www.finishing.com /1600-1799/1671.shtml (1524 words)

	PH: Nikasil Web-sites?
		I'd be interested to see a list of all the cars that have Nikasil and which are adversely affected by it.
		I've been a Ferrari enthusiast for many years so I was surprised to read that the 348 has Nikasil when I've never come across any information to suggest that they ever had problems relating to it.
		It is S reg and has a steal pear-shaped lug bolted onto the block, which apparently means that it has the "improved" block (no bolt/steal lug means nikasil, from what we have read anyway).
	www.pistonheads.com /gassing/topic.asp?t=331912&f=72&h=0 (664 words)

	Daves Jaguar Pages
		Nikasil was used to line the cylinder bores of the AJ-V8 engine introduced with the XJ8 in 1997.
		My personal advice to anyone thinking of buying a Nikasil engined car is to have a dealer perform this test BEFORE you purchase it.
		It is widely believed and accepted that if the last 6 places of the VIN start with the letter 'F', then the vehicle does not use Nikasil and is fitted with steel liners.
	www.dandmbr.co.uk /jaguar/x308tips.htm (846 words)

	FOR SALE: 1993 BMW 740iL - Frequently Asked Questions
		In 1998 at 75k miles, the original Nikasil engine block was replaced under warranty by BMW with a brand new engine block featuring the updated Alusil material (BMW part number 11-11-9-069-275).
		These ailments have already been addressed on my car, since the M60 Nikasil engine block was already replaced with a new Alusil block, the ZF 5HP30 automatic transmission was also replaced with a new transmission featuring an updated valve body design, and I already had the oil pump bolts re-tightened with Loctite Blue.
		Its Nikasil engine was tested by BMW before the warranty expired and it passed with flying colors (it idled and ran smoothly, and cylinder compression was measured within spec too), but buyers were so worried that it might break "tomorrow" that I couldn't get much return on my investment.
	www.gearfx.com /740/faq.html (3543 words)

	530i-Test
		Sulfur in US gasolines interacts with the nickel in the Nikasil alloy BMW used in the V8 engines in the E34 530i and 540i, and in the 740i and 840i from '93 to '95.
		Here is some additional metallurgical background on the Nikasil and Alusil engine blocks for those of you who want to know more.
		BMW isn't sharing any statistics, unfortunately, and the "wisdom" shared by BMW techs is hard for me to trust, given the range of information and understanding they seem to have (and mostly not have) about this issue.
	www.e38.org /nikosil.html (4547 words)

	Engine & fuel engineering - Correct Plating For A New Engine Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Finally, I know that some engines with nikasil had problems with corrosion when higher sulfer fuel was used in the past.
		Nikasil also requires a specialized honing process to finish the surface after being applied.
		Nikasil like tungsten carbide has to be diamond ground which is why it is typically done on round cylinders.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=114237&page=1 (1985 words)

	VW Club of South Africa - Camshaft Lecture
		Instead of cast iron liner, Nikasil treatment coats a layer of Nickel-silicon carbide, usually by electrolytic deposition, to the inner surface of aluminium cylinders.
		Since Nikasil layer generates even less friction than cast iron liner, revability and power are both enhanced.
		A fiber-based material in the form of cylinder sleeve is first inserted to the die of the block.
	www.vwclub.co.za /technical/friction.html (568 words)

	The Complete Story of Porsche 911
		It introduced Nikasil technology to get rid of the original Biral cylinder, hence allowing the bore to be grown from the original 2.0-litre unit’s 80 mm to as much as 95 mm while still had a sufficiently thick cylinder wall.
		In fact, the Nikasil gave the engine a second phase of life, enabling the bore to be increased to 102 mm (thus displaced 3746 c.c.) eventually.
		The production 2.7-litre unit once discarded the Nikasil treatment and in favour of a cheaper arrangement - pure aluminium cylinders matched with iron-coated aluminium pistons, which was just a reversal pair of the original Biral cylinder / aluminium piston.
	www.autozine.org /911/911_81.htm (2238 words)

	BMW motorcycle engine internals
		Nikasil is a registered trademark of Mahle Gesellshaft (yes, the piston makers)...coated cylinders as done via a plasma process, in Stuttgart, and is a blend of Nickel and silicon, and ???.
		The cross-hatch pattern of the cylinder is precisely controlled, and may well look almost original after many tens of thousands of miles, and a precisely done cross-hatch is one key to good ring break-in and good oil control.
		For the Nikasil or Galnikal cylinders, these can often be reclaimed if damaged, but they generally do not wear in normal use enough to talk about, and should not generally be honed with a new rings job.
	pweb.jps.net /~snowbum/engineinternals.htm (11959 words)

	BMW Classics Ezine - News, Reviews & Cars for Sale
		'Nikasil' was a material used to line the bores of alloy cylinder blocks of certain engines.
		Whilst BMW were not the only manufacturer to use Nikasil it is safe to say it cost them a great deal of money in replacement engine blocks under warranty and under 'goodwill gestures'.
		It is however important to be aware that not all 'replacement blocks' were of the 'Alusil' type (ie.
	www.bmwclassics.co.uk /articles/nikasil.html (317 words)

	Welcome to the DRI Forum - Questions about boring
		It is a thin hard coating and is only available in stock bore, if it's bored out, all the nikasil treatment is gone.
		Usually you have to install a new liner that is larger and nikasil coated.
		The stock coating (which was a boron hardening process to the aluminum, not nikasil) was pretty much junk.
	www.dirtridersinternational.com /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=5213 (586 words)

	PH: HELP! Nikasil (need new engine!)
		The best thing you can do for a nikasil engine is to give it as few short runs as possible, give it ample time to warm up before you give it the beans and keep an eye on that oil!
		I used to run an e39 528 - I got told by the dealer that it tends to be cars run/bought originally up north as thats where the 'bad' petrol tended to be on sale.
		Also 100k seemed to be the cut off anything up to that point BM dealers were told to be sympathetic to claims even quite recently, on the nikasil issue and if the engine has done more than 100k it probably is never going to have the problem.
	www.pistonheads.com /gassing/topic.asp?t=290903&f=72&h=0 (1003 words)

	Pelican Parts Technical BBS - Nikasil or Alusil? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Nikasil vs Alusil Cylinders - In 1973 Porsche introduced a new type of cylinder used on the 911 2.7 Carrera RS.
		These Nikasil cylinders are the most durable of any of the production cylinders and are highly sought after for engine rebuilds.
		The Nikasil coating will be ever so slightly magnetic when you place a magnet next to it.
	forums.pelicanparts.com /printthread.php?threadid=73286 (2160 words)

	15551. Nikasil liners-pistons compatibility [Puerto Rico]
		Which are the specifications for a piston to be compatible with the Nikasil liners?
		I believe that the problem is not the pistons themselves, which are made of aluminum (I guess).
		If they have a chromium plate on the OD, it might damage and scratch the nikasil of the inner bores.
	www.finishing.com /155/51.shtml (188 words)

	Engine & fuel engineering - Cylinder coating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		My guess is that the Nikasil is applied straight to the parent metal bore and not the liner.
		There is an example where the Nikasil coating is applied to high pressure die crankcase.
		I know that Nikasil coating has been widely used and they are many facilities to do so around the globe.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=82031 (2125 words)

	Nikasil Coated Blocks
		BMW using Nikasil in the cage blocks, and I was told at that time
		I suspect this is why BMW was also surprised about the V8 failures..
		Nikasil on the V8s was just a way to save money that didn't work.
	member.rivernet.com.au /btaylor/BMWText/technical/NikasilCoatedBlocks.html (1346 words)

	03'-06' NO NIKASIL
		They said no Nikasil is required and I even had the guy call a engineer and double check.
		Nikasil (nickel, silicon carbide, composite) is a type of plating done to protect aluminium cylinder walls.
		A lot of new iron sleaves are even Nikasiled as well now days to give them even more longevity.
	www.cbr600rr.com /forum/index.php?topic=15808.0 (1008 words)

	TWMX All Access: L.A. Sleeve
		The Nikasil was just another way to cut cost with the factories, and it is lighter than the sleeves."
		According to Mark, "When a customer's engine seizes, there may be a scratch that requires them to get a whole new Nikasil plating, which may cost about $300.
		If they have it sleeved, the next time it scratches or scores the cylinder, they may only need to hone it, or get a bore jobwhich runs more in the range of $30 to $60.
	www.transworldmotocross.com /mx/features/article/0,13190,598355,00.html (1388 words)

	Nikasil tighter than steel? - The Jaguar XJ8/XJR Forum
		I wonder how much of this has to do with the blower and how much is the liners.
		I would think a nikasil motor with an aluminum block and aluminum pistons could be built tighter than one with steel liners and aluminum pistons.
		The VDP is now at 105K miles and it practically does not use oil.
	forums.roadfly.com /forums/jaguar/jaguar_xj8/8055361-1.html (523 words)

	When is the best time to switch to synthetic motor oil? - Sport-Touring.Net
		Nikasil coatings aren't new - Moto Guzzi, for one, started using them in the late 1970s, BMW around the same time, and all Suzuki two-strokes have worn the nickel-composite coatings for the last 10 years, but it's only in the last couple of years that the Japanese manufacturers have extended the coatings to four-strokes.
		Regarding Nikasil, Nikasil is a trade name belonging to Mahle, the folks that make the pistons and cylinders for our BMWs (other applications, as well).
		Nikasil is an electroplating process whereby nickel silicon carbide is deposited on the cylinder walls.
	www.sport-touring.net /forums/index.php?topic=79.40 (3906 words)

	Jaguar AJ-V8 engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The AJ-V8 was designed to use Nikasil-coated cylinders rather than the more-common iron cylinder liners.
		However, like the BMW M60, high-sulphur fuel reacted with the Nikasil liners and caused engine failures.
		Jaguar replaced affected engines, and has used conventional cast-iron linings ever since.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jaguar_AJ-V8_engine (833 words)

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