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	Nikolai Bukharin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bukharin led the opposition of the Left Communists to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, arguing instead for the Bolsheviks to continue the war effort and turn it into a world-wide push for proletarian revolution.
		After 1926, Bukharin, by then regarded as the leader of the Communist Party's right wing, became an ally of the center of the party, which was led by Stalin and which constituted the ruling group after Stalin broke his earlier alliance with Kamenev and Zinoviev.
		Bukharin was rehabilitated by Stalin and was made editor of Izvestia in 1934, but was arrested again in 1937 for "conspiring to overthrow the Soviet state." He was tried in March 1938 as part of the Trial of the Twenty One during the Great Purges, and was shot by the NKVD.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nikolai_Ivanovich_Bukharin (794 words)

	Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bukharin led the opposition of the Left-Communists to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, arguing instead for the Bolsheviks to move the war effort to become a world-wide push for Proletarian Revolution.
		Bukharin was personally rehabilitated for a temporary period and was made editor of Izvestia in 1934.
		Arrested in 1937, Bukharin was tried in March 1938 as part of the Trial of the Twenty One during the Great Purges, for conspiring to overthrow the Soviet state.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/n/ni/nikolai_ivanovich_bukharin.html (536 words)

	Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Николай Иванович Бухарин), (October 9, 1888 - March 13, 1938) was a Soviet politician and intellectual.
		After 1926 Bukharin, now regarded as leading the right of the Communist Party, became an ally of the centre of the party led by Stalin's which constituted the ruling group after Stalin had broken his earlier alliance with Kamenev and Zinoviev.
		Arrested in 1937, Bukharin was tried in March 1938 as part of the Trial of the Twenty One for conspiring to overthrow the Soviet state.
	encyclopedia.jigyasa.in /wikipedia/n/ni/nikolai_ivanovich_bukharin.html (416 words)

	BUKHARIN, NIKOLAI IVANOVICH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bukharin studied in the faculty of law of Moscow University.
		The quest for the law of this equilibrium is, according to Bukharin, the major task of theoretical economics (he argued for so-called revolution compulsion as a method for restoring equilibrium in society, which is being transformed into a communist system).
		Observing dramatic tendencies in the development of Soviet society, Bukharin tried to complete Marx’s theory of the “sociology of thought” as an introduction to Marxism, and he proclaimed socialistic humanism as the antithesis of fascism.
	www.kul.lublin.pl /efk/angielski/hasla/b/Bukharin.html (573 words)

	Nikolai Bukharin biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After 1926, Bukharin, now regarded as leading the right-wing of the Communist Party, became an ally of the "centre" of the party, which was led by Stalin and which constituted the ruling group after Stalin broke his earlier alliance with Kamenev and Zinoviev.
		It was Bukharin who developed the thesis of Socialism in one country, which argued that socialism (in Marxist theory, the lower stage of Communism) could be developed in a single country, and even one as underdeveloped as Russia.
		Bukharin was rehabilitated by Stalin for a short period and was made editor of Izvestia in 1934.
	nikolai-ivanovich-bukharin.biography.ms (773 words)

	Bukharin
		Nikolai Ivanovitch Bukharin was born in Moscow on September 27, 1888 (October 9 in the Gregorian Calendar), the second son of Ivan Gavrilovich and Liubov Ivavnovna Bukharin.
		Bukharin says that the world economy is a unit which imposes its own dynamic on its parts so that "we may define world economy as a system of production relations." The roots of this world economy lie in the expansive nature of capital itself.
		Bukharin became identified with the interests of the peasants, closely following Lenin's advice for the party to "move cautiously and slowly in pace with the peasants' understanding and acceptance of the state's policies." (Lewin, 13) Bukharin built his economic platform around the concept of socialism as a system of "civilized cooperators".
	econc10.bu.edu /economic_systems/Theory/Marxism/Soviet/Bukharin.htm (3740 words)

	Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin Biography / Biography of Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin Biography Biography
		The Soviet politician and writer Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (1858-1938) was a leading theorist of the Communist movement during the Revolutionary period in Russia and throughout the 1920s.
		Nikolai Bukharin was born in Moscow, the son of a schoolteacher.
		Bukharin and others, who came to be known as the Left Bolsheviks, took the view that the coming socialist revolution could be successful only in a European-wide context, with the emergence of a socialist United States of Europe.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-nikolai-ivanovich-bukharin (771 words)

	Bukharin Intro to Philosophical Arabesques by Helena Sheehan
		Bukharin was editor of Izvestiya and member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (and head of its commission on the history of knowledge) and still active in many sectors of soviet life, from the arts and sciences to economic planning.
		Bukharin was a cosmopolitan intellectual, exposed to an array of intellectual influences and accustomed to mixing with intellectuals of many points of view and arguing the case for marxism in such milieux.
		Bukharin had reason to know of Stalin’s personality and plotting and he did know, yet he was sometimes seduced into believing in a better side to him and hoping that appealing to it would bring results.
	www.comms.dcu.ie /sheehanh/bukharin.htm (8136 words)

	Philosophical Arabesques by Nikolai Bukharin \| Excerpt
		Bukharin was energetically engaged in exploring and mapping the new terrain.
		Bukharin was editor of Izvestiya and member of the Academy of Sciences (and head of its commission on the history of knowledge) and still active in many sectors of soviet life, from the arts to economic planning.
		Bukharin was inclined to be bold and passionate in open polemics and to be somewhat guileless and sometimes even naïve in the face of covert political manoeuvring.
	www.monthlyreview.org /sheehanxcerpt.htm (5057 words)

	Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (October 9, 1888 - March 13, 1938) was a Soviet politician and intellectual.
		Bukharin led the opposition to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, arguing instead for the Bolsheviks moving the war effort to become a world-wide push for Proletarian Revolution.
		He was at this stage seen as the leader of the Left-Communists.
	www.theezine.net /n/nikolai-ivanovich-bukharin.html (291 words)

	Powell's Books - How It All Began: The Prison Novel by Nikolai Bukharin
		The panoramic story, composed under the worst of circumstances, traces the transformation of a sensitive young man into a fiery agitator, and presents a revealing new perspective on the background and causes of the revolution that transformed the face of the twentieth century.
		The novel is presented here along with the only surviving letter from Bukharin to his wife during his time in prison, an epistle filled with fear, longing, and hope for his family and his nation.
		This autobiographical novel by Bukharin traces the development of Nikolai "Kolya" Petrov, portraying his growing political consciousness and ending with his activism on the eve of the failed 1905 revolution.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=28081&cgi=product&isbn=0231107315 (496 words)

	Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Николай Иванович Бухарин), (October 9 (September 27 Old Style) 1888 - March 13, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and then a Soviet politician, and intellectual.
		He later changed his position and accepted Lenin 's policies, encouraging the development of the New Economic Policy in 1921.
		When he opposed Stalin 's proposed collectivization of agriculture in 1928, Stalin attacked Bukharin's views and forced him to confess that his views were wrong.
	www.randomnugget.com /resource-Nikolai_Ivanovich_Bukharin.html (516 words)

	Soviet Admissions: Communism Doesn't Work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bukharin, as Alexander Erlich put it, "was undoubtedly the best educated economist not only of his group, but of the whole party as well, with a truly outstanding facility for the rationalization, in terms of theory, of any political viewpoint he happened to embrace, and for pushing them toward the full logical consequences."
		Bukharin's work on NEP, which argued for the necessity of market relations of production for economic development, are found in such volumes as Building up Socialism (1926) and in the collection of essays edited by Richard Day, Selected Writings on the State and the Transition to Socialism (1982).
		Bukharin went so far as to admit that Mises's criticism of Communism was correct-at least for the historical epoch in which he wrote.
	www.libertyhaven.com /theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/libertarianism/sovietadmissions.html (4218 words)

	Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin: The Guiding Theoretician of Russia
		After Lenin's death Bukharin became a member of the Politburo and encouraged the development of Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) created in 1921, and a gradual nonviolent approach to achieving true communism.
		However due to his opposition to Stalin's policy of forced collectivization Bukharin was removed from the Politburo in 1929, removed from both the Central Committee and the Party in January 1937 and was arrested in February of the same year.
		Click here for information on the differences between Karl Marx's theories, which were based on democracy and majority rule, and the Soviet brand of totalitarianism, which was not based on democracy and freedom but rather on power and control over the masses by a small minority group of revolutionary elitist so called revoluttionaries.
	www.angelfire.com /vamp2/nikolaibukharin (566 words)

	INVENTORY OF SOVIET PHOTOGRAPHS FROM 1918 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich (1888-1938) The party's leading theoretician and economist, a Left Communist.
		Muralov, Aleksandr Ivanovich (1886-1937) In October 1917 was Chair of Aleksin district committee.
		Rogov, Mikhail Ivanovich (1880-1942) 1917-1918 was deputy Chairman of the Moscow Soviet.
	www.getty.edu /research/conducting_research/finding_aids/soviet1_m5.html (852 words)

	Nikolai Bukharin on the Use of Individual Terror Against Stalin
		What is remarkable about Jules Humbert-Droz’s last conversation with Bukharin held in early 1929, in which Bukharin indicates that his opposition group had taken the decision to utilize individual terror against Stalin, is that it emanates from a source which is sympathetic to Bukharin.
		We are informed by Stephen Cohen in his favourable biography of Bukharin that Jules Humbert-Droz was one of the few Comintern leaders who remained loyal to Bukharin after the Sixth Congress of Comintern in 1928.
		Bukharin doubtlessly had understood that I would not liase blindly with his fraction whose sole programme was to make Stalin disappear.
	www.revolutionarydemocracy.org /rdv8n1/bukharin.htm (1068 words)

	Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		An advocate of slow agricultural collectivization and industrialization (the position of the so-called right opposition), Bukharin lost (1929) his major posts after that position was defeated by the Stalinist majority in the party.
		He wrote and translated many works on economics and political science, which gained a growing readership in the late 20th cent.
		In the Gorbachev era, Bukharin was rehabilitated and posthumously reinstated (1988) as a party member.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/Bukharin.html (253 words)

	Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin
		Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich, 1888–1938, Russian Communist leader and theoretician.
		In 1924 he was made a full member of the politburo.
		Leon Trotsky: Early Career - Early Career Trotsky was born of Jewish parents in the S Ukraine.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0809382.html (207 words)

	Directory - Regional: Europe: Russia: Society and Culture: History: Soviet Union: Personalities: Bukharin, Nikolai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bukharin's Last Plea · cached · Transcript of Nicolai Bukharin's final plea during his trial for treason before the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, March 12, Evening session, 1938.
		Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (1888-1938) · Several images of the Bolshevik leader and a bibliography of works about him.
		Bukharin by Tareq Rahim; Bukharin's Theory of a Capitalist World Economy by Jennifer Kruczek; Nikolay Bukharin: Left Communist to NEPman by Corey Lichtman and Bukharin and Rightiest Economic Theory by by Alexandra Ginieres.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=400489 (146 words)

	LEON TROTSKY: 1926 -- The Anglo-Russian Committee and Comintern policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		We were answered, primarily by this same Bukharin, that this is a revolting slander; that the organizational alliance does not hinder our revolutionary criticism in the slightest degree; that we would not permit any kind of principled concessions; that the Anglo-Russian Committee would only be an organizational bridge to the masses for us.
		Bukharin’s theory of today is in direct contradiction to his theory of yesterday.
		Bukharin’s words mean only that we support the General Council ‘in our fashion’ while it in turn ‘in its fashion’ supports the imperialist state.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/britain/ch09.htm (8020 words)

	Bukharin, Nikolay Ivanovich -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Having become a revolutionary while studying economics, Bukharin joined the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party in 1906 and became a member of the Moscow committee of the party's Bolshevik wing in 1908.
		Nikolai Bukharin came to prominence as one of the leading figures of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
		In the years following the revolution, Bukharin was a leading figure of the radical left wing of the Bolshevik party.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9017985?tocId=9017985&query=bukharin&ct= (598 words)

	Why did Stalin win the struggle for power in 1923 – 9?
		Firstly Trotsky is already totally finished so he is no threat, but Zinoviev who was a former friend of Stalin, has changed sides because he found that he had been stealing his supporters, making out Stalin was running Zinoviev and that they therefore should support him.
		Because Bukharin is a strong character and Stalin had built up a lot of support throughout the ranks they immediately take the advantage.
		They were to elect one of the two, and Bukharin really had no chance at all.
	www.coursework.info /i/1088.html (621 words)

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