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Topic: Nikolai Kamanin

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	Kamanin
		Kamanin was born in a worker’s family in Melenki, Vladimir oblast in 1908 (in official documents, 1909, due to a school registrar's mistake).
		Kamanin believes this points to the absolute necessity of the crew being in control at all times during a manned lunar flight, as opposed to Korolev's insistent reliance on fully automatic systems.
		Kamanin had argued with Korolev over the last year that this flight was unnecessary, but Korolev did not want to expose the cosmonauts to the risk of a long-duration spaceflight with a heavily modified spacecraft without an unmanned precursor flight.
	www.astronautix.com /astros/kamanin.htm (1251 words)

	✓ Nikolai Petrowitsch Kamanin - Schmerztherapieklinik.de - Schmerztherapieklinik
		Nikolai Petrowitsch Kamanin (russisch ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹ ÐÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÐÐ°Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð½, * 5./18.
		Kamanin trat 1927 in die Armee ein und absolvierte 1928 die Leningrader Fliegerschule.
		Nikolai Kamanin's Sohn, Arkadi Nikolai Kamanin, bestand 1943 im Alter von 14 Jahren die PilotenprÃ¼fung und flog wÃ¤hrend des 2.
	schmerztherapieklinik.de /index.php/Nikolai_Petrowitsch_Kamanin (1270 words)

	Nikolai Petrowitsch Kamanin - Definition, explanation
		Nikolai Petrowitsch Kamanin (russisch ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹ ÐÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÐÐ°Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð½, * 5./18.
		Kamanin trat 1927 in die Armee ein und absolvierte 1928 die Leningrader Fliegerschule.
		Nikolai Kamanin's Sohn, Arkadi Nikolai Kamanin, bestand 1943 im Alter von 14 Jahren die PilotenprÃ¼fung und flog wÃ¤hrend des 2.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/n/ni/nikolai_petrowitsch_kamanin.php (276 words)

	www.rian.ru
		He was in the aviation corps commanded by Nikolai Kamanin, Hero of the Soviet Union.
		(Kamanin went on to become an instructor for the first team of Soviet cosmonauts.) They flew together in the same plane for about two years during the war.
		Kamanin was a pilot and my grandfather was a radio operator gunner.
	en.rian.ru /analysis/20050505/39936041-print.html (1887 words)

	Truhill
		Kamanin had been pushing for the flight of a Soviet woman into space since October 1961, and five Soviet female cosmonauts had just reported for training a month earlier.
		On May 3 Kamanin and Titov were invited to a barbecue at the home of astronaut John Glenn.
		Armed with the threat that 'the Americans will beat us', Kamanin was able to obtain a decision to go ahead with the first flight of a Soviet woman within weeks of his return.
	www.astronautix.com /astros/truhill.htm (453 words)

	Kamanin Diaries
		Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin headed the Soviet cosmonaut corps from 1960 to 1971.
		Despite some failings, Kamanin's diaries are the only accounts we have for many key events and the only contemporary account of the inside workings of the Soviet space programme.
		I have omitted most private material related to Kamanin's family affairs and military career before 1960 as not being of interest to the space historian.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/kamaries.htm (350 words)

	Star City
		Nikolai Kamanin, a legendary Soviet Pilot and Polar Explorer was appointed a head of training for future cosmonauts.
		In the meantime, a special commission, chaired by Kamanin, was searching for a site for the permanent Cosmonaut Training Center, or TsPK.
		The goal was to find a site close enough to key centers of the Soviet space industry around Moscow, but, at the same time isolated from the urban life.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /star_city.html (1227 words)

	Interview with Ponomareva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At the end of 1961, Korolev sent a letter, I think, to Nikolai Kamanin [assistant to the deputy Chief Commander of the Air Force in charge of cosmonaut training], in which he wrote that in the near future 60 cosmonauts of various specialties were needed, including 5 women.
		Kamanin wrote in his diary that it was necessary to prepare women for space flight for 5-6 months.
		Kamanin wanted to look over the documents of approximately 200 aviation sports women candidates, and he asked the Central Committee of the Voluntary Association for the Advancement of the Army, Aviation, and the Navy to help.
	hrst.mit.edu /hrs/apollo/soviet/interview/interview-ponomareva.htm (7191 words)

	Forum aaaroskoforum / technologie
		In April 1961, General Nikolai Kamanin, second in command of the cosmonauts apparently confided in his diary that it was as hard deciding which of them should be sent to die as it was deciding which of these two decent men should be made world famous.
		Kamanins choice of words suggests that he is wondering which one to be selected from all the cosmonaut candidates should be sent to die and which one of two should be made into a public figure.
		Thus Kamanin unwittingly discloses to those who would later read his diaries that it was known to the authorities that people would diebecause deaths had already occurred.
	www.rezoweb.com /forum/technologie/aaaroskoforum/1008.shtml (1724 words)

	Interview with Ponomareva
		At the end of 1961, Korolev sent a letter, I think, to Nikolai Kamanin [assistant to the deputy Chief Commander of the Air Force in charge of cosmonaut training], in which he wrote that in the near future 60 cosmonauts of various specialties were needed, including 5 women.
		Kamanin wrote in his diary that it was necessary to prepare women for space flight for 5-6 months.
		Kamanin wanted to look over the documents of approximately 200 aviation sports women candidates, and he asked the Central Committee of the Voluntary Association for the Advancement of the Army, Aviation, and the Navy to help.
	web.mit.edu /slava/space/interview/interview-ponomareva.htm (7191 words)

	Chapter 12 -- Human Spaceflight: The Soviets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		General Nikolai Kamanin, the Chief of Space Flight, told the cosmonauts: "The first spaceflight will be the task of the man who embodies the noble spirit of his people.
		In January 1961 General Kamanin headed an examination board for the cosmonauts.
		On April 9 General Kamanin told Gagarin that he would be the first man to go into space and that Titov would be his backup.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter12.html (2128 words)

	The 20th century, year after year
		This massive crush eventually translated into success when Nikolai Panin-Kolomenkin became the first Russian to win the Olympic figure-skating title in 1908 which is also the birthday of the International Hockey Federation.
		Pilot Nikolai Kamanin was also born in Russia in 1908.
		He became one of the first Heroes of the Soviet Union for taking part in the valiant 1934 rescue of the crew and passengers of the steamship Chelyuskin, ice-bound in the Arctic Ocean.
	www.vor.ru /century/1908.html (793 words)

	Aulis Online — Different Thinking
		In April 1961, General Nikolai Kamanin, second in command of the cosmonauts apparently confided in his diary that it was as hard deciding ‘which of them should be sent to die’ as it was deciding ‘which of these two decent men should be made world famous’.
		Kamanin’s choice of words suggests that he is wondering which one to be selected from all the cosmonaut candidates should be sent to die and which one of two should be made into a public figure. The choice of two was between Titov and Gagarin.
		How many Americans have died in the various attempts to put a man on the Moon is not a question that NASA would ever wish to have asked—let alone have to answer.
	www.aulis.com /nasa8.htm (1795 words)

	Behind the Space Legend, Gagarin the Rake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The accounts of Nikolai Kamanin, Gagarin's minder and trainer, lift the lid off what had long been the stuff of rumor and anecdote in Russia -- that Gagarin was a drunkard and a womanizer, who could not cope with the fame showered upon him.
		Soon afterward, the two of them began to drink heavily and seduce women, Kamanin reveals, and were partly aided in their antics by Titov's guard, Robert Akhmerov.
		Titov's behavior had also worsened over the same period, Kamanin relates, and he was involved in three car crashes in six months.
	dev.themoscowtimes.com /stories/1995/03/06/004.html (531 words)

	Vostok 6 Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Many of these were from women and Nikolai Kamanin, in charge of cosmonaut training, assembled these letters to support his proposal for the selection of a small team of female cosmonauts.
		Kamanin's plan was to put a female into orbit before the Americans (although NASA had no plans to select anyone who was not a test or jet pilot and, at that time, there were no female jet test pilots in America).
		By 29 April, Korolyov and Kamanin were planning to launch a male cosmonaut on an 8-10 day mission aboard Vostok 5 and a female cosmonaut on a 2-3 day flight aboard Vostok 6.
	www.astroinfoservice.co.uk /html/vostok_6_report.html (1854 words)

	Folklore: Death by lightning: for sinner or saint? Beliefs from Novosokol'niki region, Pskov province, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Similarly, it was considered that "people killed by lightning are `pleasing to God'" (recorded in 1899 from P. Kamanin, Domnino village, Melenkovskii uezd, Liakhovskaia volost', Vladimir province; Firsov and Kiseleva 1993, 120) and that anyone who met their end in this fashion would automatically "enter the kingdom of heaven" (Magnitskii 1883, 133).
		The notion of a battle between the forces of good/light and evil/darkness, played out in a cosmic arena, may be found in many different genres of Russian folklore, although with some variations in terms of the heroes, their opponents and the immediate purpose of the fight.
		In folk beliefs and legends, for example, the lightning-wielding defenders of righteousness are most frequently God, Christ, the Archangel Michael, St George, St Nikolai (Nikola/Mikola) and, most importantly, the holy prophet Il'ia (Elijah), while the forces of darkness are represented by Satan, minor demons or the dragon/serpent.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2386/is_2_113/ai_95107639 (1323 words)

	[No title]
		"The great pilot (Nikolai) Kamanin who trained cosmonauts was here and Alexei Stakhanov," she said, alluding to the communist model worker whose reputed zeal at the coalface made his name synonymous with productivity.
		Nikolai Britvin, deputy chief presidential representative for the North Caucasian region, said Monday that investigators had found no proof yet that the helicopter was downed by the rebels.
		Part of the program, including the Obolensk institute, was hidden under a nominally civilian but secret front called Biopreparat, which worked both on weapons and on biological agents employed for peaceful uses, such as medicines and pesticides.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/6045.txt (9010 words)

	The flights of Korabl-Sputnik 4 and 5
		On 6 March 1961 Nikolai Kamanin wrote in his diary about ground stations to be used for the flight.
		At 0840 UT Kamanin got a call from Yuri Mozzhorin (at NII-4) in Moscow who reported that the "Krug" direction finders had determined the landing co-ordinates of the re-entry vehicle.
		On board the ship which will start today there will be no cosmonaut, but there will be radio equipment such as that to be used during the manned flight.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /histind/sputnik910/sputnik910.html (1593 words)

	For Zion's Sake Ministries - Israel Humanitarian Aid Organization
		Semyon Bravy (born 1920), was one of the Jews who fought.
		Kamanin went on to become an instructor for the first team of Soviet cosmonauts.
		They flew together in the same plane for about two years during the war.
	www.forzion.com /full-article.php?news=331 (2072 words)

	Cheliuskin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The aircraft pilots who took part in search and rescue operations were among the first people to receive the newly established highest title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
		Those pilots were Anatoly Liapidevsky, Sigizmund Levanevsky, Vasili Molokov, Mavrikiy Slepnev, Mikhail Vodopianov, Nikolai Kamanin and Ivan Doronin.
		This page was last modified 00:38, 1 January 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cheliuskin (207 words)

	Hero of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A famous war hero was for instance Alexander Matrosov who received the distinction posthumously after he died blocking an enemy machine-gun with his own body.
		The first recipients were the pilots Anatoly Liapidevsky (certificate number one), Sigizmund Levanevsky, Vasili Molokov, Mavrikiy Slepnev, Nikolai Kamanin, Ivan Doronin and Mikhail Vodopianov, who participated in the successful aerial search and rescue of the crew of the steamship Cheliuskin, which sunk in Arctic waters, crushed by ice fields, on February 13, 1934.
		There were 154 people to receive the award twice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hero_of_the_Soviet_Union (548 words)

	The Human Side of the Space Race (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		While it becomes clear that Gagarin's selection was due to a combination of factors -- his working class background, charisma, right stature for the design of the capsule -- we learn of the intense competition that might have launched another man, the more refined and reserved German Titov, to stardom.
		Sergei Korolyov, the hush-hush chief designer and father of the Soviet rocket program; the ultra-severe head of cosmonaut training, General Nikolai Kamanin; and, of course, Gagarin's warmest patron, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev.
		After he was grounded, Gagarin diverted himself with more partying, prompting Kamanin to note in his diary that "Since Komarov's death, Gagarin has been dismissed from all space flights.
	dev.themoscowtimes.com /stories/1998/06/05/032.html (978 words)

	Starman: the Truth Behind the Legend of Yuri Gagarin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Insights into the "smiling farm-boy's" personality can be gained from his colleagues, such as the man who just might have been the first in space, Gherman Titov (who has since passed away).
		Even if Gagarin's life is described against the backdrop of the trials and tribulations of the early Soviet space program, more is made of what made the man tick.
		He was very much the favorite of Khrushchev, who was seen by many, including Kamanin, as nothing more than "a pigmy" compared to Stalin.
	www.textkit.com /0_0747542678.html (973 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		On 23 March, General Kamanin, discussing Gagarin's training programme, said 'It's a very fast pace, Yuri,' evidently worried that Gagarin was overworking.
		They had described him as 'a man of principles, decisive, bold, steadfast.' He had a straightforward and frank personality, a warm smile quick wit.' He was also very good at putting people at their ease in his presence.
		Nikolai Kamanin once said 'He was lively, had a winning personality and was a good mixer.
	bellsouthpwp.net /r/u/ruzwyshn/HTMLFolder/death.html (728 words)

	Independent, The (London): Obituary: Andrian Nikolayev
		The experienced cosmonaut had helped the young newcomer during her training, and the pair got along quite well, though there seemed to be no prospect of a serious relationship.
		Always aware of propaganda opportunities, the premier Nikita Khrushchev pressurised General Nikolai Kamanin, the director of cosmonaut training, to act as matchmaker.
		The famous couple finally succumbed, and the celebrity wedding took place at the Moscow Wedding Palace in November 1963, followed by a celebration at a governmental mansion set apart for state receptions.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20040719/ai_n12800776 (1568 words)

	Space & astronomy - Tereshkova myth exposed
		Kamanin attended a barbecue at John Glenn's house on 4 May 1962.
		Kamanin was have been prepared to risk flying one of them before
		Kamanin then moved on to promoting the idea of a dual female flight in
	www.spacebanter.com /q-t_51175-Tereshkova-myth-exposed.html (2258 words)

	Valentina Tereshkova Summary
		Nikolai Kamanin, who was in charge of cosmonaut training, invited Tereshkova to travel to Moscow, where she passed interviews and medical tests.
		Although the couple did not dislike each other, there was no substance to the rumour, which eventually reached Khrushchev.
		He liked the idea and began applying pressure through Nikolai Kamanin, the commander of the cosmonaut detachment, for the couple to marry.
	www.bookrags.com /Valentina_Tereshkova (5571 words)

	Frank Borman - infos.aus-germanien.de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Borman traf Nikolai Kamanin, den Leiter der sowjetischen bemannten Raumfahrt, sowie die Kosmonauten Feoktistow, Titow, Schatalow, Volynow, Beregowoi und Tereschkowa.
		Kamanin würdigte Borman als geübten Redner und Diplomat, sowie als geborenen Politiker.
		Juli 1970 schied Frank Borman bei der NASA aus und ging zur amerikanischen Fluggesellschaft Eastern Airlines, zuerst als Vizepräsident, ab 1976 als Vorsitzender.
	infos.aus-germanien.de /Frank_Borman (590 words)

	Space (Nikolayev, Sevastyanov) - Earth (Kamanin, Gorbatko) [D20], Radio Match 1970
		Space (Nikolayev, Sevastyanov) - Earth (Kamanin, Gorbatko) [D20], Radio Match 1970
		Earth: General Nikolai Kamanin, the head of cosmonauts in 1960-1971, and cosmonaut Victor Gorbatko.
		They played on the 10th of June, 1970, according to the Kamanin Diaries.
	www.chessib.com /spacearth70.html (124 words)

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