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	Nicolaus Otto Summary
		Nikolaus Otto was born in Holzhausen auf der Heide, a small village on the Rhine River in Germany.
		Otto, born at Holzhausen, Hesse-Nassau, was the son of a farmer.
		Otto was born in the village of Holzhausen, near Frankfurt.
	www.bookrags.com /Nicolaus_Otto (4075 words)

	Nikolaus Otto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nikolaus August Otto (June 14, 1832 - January 28, 1891) was the German inventor of the internal-combustion engine.
		Otto's patent was invalidated in 1886 when it was discovered that another inventor, Alphonse Beau de Rochas, had already described the four-stroke cycle principle in a privately published pamphlet.
		The Otto engine is in many parts at least inspired from this precedent invention [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nikolaus_August_Otto (201 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Otto
		On Otto's accession Henry the Wrangler, the deposed duke of Bavaria, attempted to become his guardian and then to obtain the crown, but the plot was frustrated...
		Otto succeeded his father, Henry I, in Germany and defeated the rebellious princes and their ally, Louis IV of France.
		Otto Freizeit Und Touristik and Travelocity Strengthen Joint Venture in Germany; Travelocity to Acquire Remaining Stake of Europe Joint Venture in Five Countries.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Otto (754 words)

	Nikolaus August Otto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Otto was clearly fascinated with the idea of powered road transport and began to experiment with ideas to improve Lenoir's design.
		By 1884 Otto had designed an electromagnetic ignition system to replace the gas flame system and was suitable for petrol fuelled designs.
		Otto's engines were used to power road vehicles built by Gotlieb Daimler and by Karl Benz.
	basil.acs.bolton.ac.uk /~mjh1hlc/otto.htm (238 words)

	Car Fun Facts
		Nikolaus Otto was a salesman with a grocer when he read of Lenoir's two-stroke gas-driven internal combustion engine.
		The four-stroke Otto Engine was invented in 1876, and a large number of engines were produced under the patent of Otto and Langen.
		Daimler was at the time employed with Otto and Langen, and a substantial credit for the success is due to him.
	local.aaca.org /northeastflorida/car_fun_facts.htm (538 words)

	Nikolaus August Otto: Inventor of the Internal Combustion engine
		Story of Nickolaus August Otto, inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, the device used to power automobiles, motorboats and motorcycles.
		Nikolaus August Otto was born on June 14, 1832 in Holzhausen, Germany.
		Otto’s practical internal combustion engine is used to power automobiles, motocycles and motorboats.
	www.ia.essortment.com /nikolausaugust_rcoe.htm (573 words)

	cugnot 2
		A subsequent law passed later in 1878 did away with the Red Flag Act, but nevertheless the vehicle still had to be preceded by a man on foot to warn the drivers of horse -driven coaches.
		Nikolaus Otto was a salesman with a grocer when he read of Lenior's tho-stroke gas-driveninternal combustion engine.
		Daimer was at the time employed with Otto and Langen, and a substantial credit,for the success is due to him.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0215633/history.html (597 words)

	Nikolaus Otto - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Nikolaus Otto - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Otto, Nikolaus August (1832-1891), German inventor, who devised the Otto cycle engine—the first effective four-stroke internal-combustion engine.
		The National Inventors Hall of Fame is a U.S. organization founded in 1973 to honor successful inventors.
	encarta.msn.com /Nikolaus_Otto.html (96 words)

	Trivia - Car History - Early Cars
		Nikolaus Otto was a salesman with a grocer when he read of Lenoir's two-stroke gas-driven internal combustion engine.
		The four-stroke Otto Engine was invented in 1876, and a large number of engines were produced under the patent of Otto and Langen.
		Daimler was at the time employed with Otto and Langen, and a substantial credit for the success is due to him.
	www.cybersteering.com /trimain/history/ecars.html (727 words)

	Gottlieb Daimler Summary
		It was during this period that he worked with Nikolaus August Otto, the inventor of the four-cycle internal combustion engine, and Wilhelm Maybach, who become Daimler's lifelong collaborator.
		Otto intended that his invention would replace the steam engines predominant in those years, even though his engine was still primitive and inefficient.
		Otto's engine was patented in 1877, but the patent was soon challenged and overturned.
	www.bookrags.com /Gottlieb_Daimler (3662 words)

	Antique Auto Mushers of Alaska
		The Otto cycle engine, named for Nikolaus August Otto and patented by him in 1876 took this concept one step further.
		The principle behind the Otto engine had in fact been invented back in 1862 by one AIphonse Beau de Rochas who had neglected to take out a patent on it.
		Claiming access to de Rochas' original unpatented design, he was able to successfully circumvent Otto's patent and apply for and win a patent of his own in 1887.
	www.communities.ninemsn.com.au /AntiqueAutoMushersofAlaska/autohistory.msnw (1347 words)

	Discovery Channel - Nikolaus August Otto
		Otto comenzó su vida laboral como vendedor ambulante de productos de almacén en Colonia, pero se fue obsesionando cada vez más con las tecnologías emergentes del día, es decir, gas y vapor.
		Otto creía que podía mejorar las cosas con un combustible líquido, así que empezó a experimentar.
		Debido a un afortunado accidente, Otto reconoció el valor de la compresión de la mezcla de aire combustible antes de arder.
	www.tudiscovery.com /guia_autos/pioneros_autos/index.shtml (230 words)

	INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE,
		The Otto-cycle engine, invented by the German engineer Nikolaus August Otto (1832–91), is the familiar gasoline engine (although it can be modified to run on a variety of alternative fuels) used in automobiles and airplanes.
		The diesel engine, invented by the German engineer Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel, operates on a different principle and usually uses oil as a fuel; it is used in electric-generating and marine-power plants, and in trucks, buses, and some automobiles.
		Theoretically the diesel cycle differs from the Otto cycle in that combustion takes place at constant volume rather than at constant pressure.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..in029900.a#FWNE.fw..in029900.a (2428 words)

	Discovery Channel - Nikolaus August Otto
		Iniciando a sua carreira como um vendedor de alimentos em Colônia Otto se tornou obcecado com o surgimento da tecnologia naqueles dias – gás e vapor.
		Otto acreditava que ele poderia melhorar as coisas com um combustível líquido e começou a experimentar.
		Originalmente conhecido como N.A. Otto and Cia, a empresa ainda opera como Deutz AG.
	www.discoverybrasil.com /autos/pioneros/index.shtml (184 words)

	skylar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		My report is about Nikolaus A. Otto and the improved internal combustion engine.
		Nikolaus Otto improved the internal combustion engine in 1867.
		He made it so it can operate jet engines, steam engines and gas turbines.A little after Nikolaus Otto improved the engine it was put in steam-shovels later known as escavators.
	www.springfield.k12.vt.us /schools/union/skylar.htm (269 words)

	Nikolaus August Otto > ENGINEERING.com > Articles Page
		In 1876 Otto built an internal-combustion engine utilizing the four-stroke cycle (four strokes of the piston for each explosion).
		The four-stroke cycle was patented in 1862 by the French engineer Alphonse Beau de Rochas, but since Otto was the first to build an engine based upon this principle, it is commonly known as the Otto cycle.
		More than 30,000 of them were built during the next 10 years, but in 1886 Otto's patent was revoked when Beau de Rochas' earlier patent was brought to light.
	www.engineering.com /Library/ArticlesPage/tabid/85/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/40/Nikolaus-August-Otto.aspx (170 words)

	Der Werftverein
		Der von Gustav Otto gebaute Doppeldecker wurde zum Standardflugzeug der jungen Fliegertruppe und erwies sich zunächst als brauchbares Schul- und Aufklärungsflugzeug.
		Gustav Otto schaffte einen neuen Anfang in den ihm verbliebenen Gebäuden in der Schleißheimer Strasse.
		Damals konnte niemand ahnen, dass aus Ottos in Konkurs gegangener Flugmaschinenfabrik schließlich eines der größten deutschen Automobilunternehmen werden sollte, die Bayerischen Motorwerke AG (BMW).
	www.der-werftverein.de /akg/GustavOtto.html (353 words)

	· IN-FORUM ·
		Swedberg is co-chairman of the Otto Engine expo, one of the featured displays at the reunion this year.
		Nikolaus August Otto was the co-inventor of the first internal combustion engine in 1876.
		He designed the four-stroke Otto cycle nine years later, which was used in automobiles and airplanes.
	www.in-forum.com /articles/rss.cfm?id=101971 (607 words)

	[No title]
		In 1867, Nikolaus August Otto, a German engineer, developed the four-stroke "Otto" cycle, which is widely used in transportation even today.
		Otto developed the four-stroke internal combustion engine when he was 34 years old.
		Certain therapies, such as repositioning and range-of-motion exercises, are intended to prevent complications related to stroke, like infections and bed sores.
	www.lycos.com /info/stroke--people.html (344 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Atmospheric Pollution from the Internal Combustion Engine in the Urban Environment
		The first four-stroke internal combustion engine was built by Nikolaus August Otto in May of 1876.
		Otto’s design was based partly on an earlier gas engine invented by Etienne Lenoir.
		And though Otto was the first to actually build a working model, in 1886 his patent was revoked
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A3421289 (2493 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| OPINION > The case for diesel cars
		Since no viable replacement for the IC engine is in sight, policy makers will have to decide on which variant of the IC engine could meet the twin objectives of consuming less hydrocarbons and keeping surface temperatures to within the 2 degrees Celsius range.
		IC engines have remained largely unchanged since 1876 when Nikolaus August Otto invented the gasoline engine and Rudolf Diesel in the 1890s patented the eponymous oil engine.
		Over the years, there have been many improvements to the IC engine due mainly to advances in metallurgy and machining techniques that increased compression ratios as well as made it lighter, in fuel injection systems and, just as crucial, better refining processes of hydrocarbons.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2007/may/13/yehey/opinion/20070513opi2.html (743 words)

	Discovery Channel - Cars - Automobile Pioneers - Nikolaus August Otto
		Otto believed he could improve things with a liquid fuel and began experimenting.
		By happy accident, Otto recognised the value of the compression of the fuel air mixture before burning.
		The idea of the four-stroke piston cycle - or Otto Cycle - was born.
	www.discoverychannel.co.uk /cars/pioneers/otto/index.shtml (201 words)

	Timeline - 1850 to 1905
		Nikolaus August Otto and Eugene Langen of Germany build the first successful four-cycle gas engine.
		The first protoype had a range of 200 yards at 6 knots and carried a charge of 18 pounds of gun cotton.
		The four-stroke internal combustion engine invented by Nikolaus Otto.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Barracks/1401/Timeline.html (1337 words)

	KryssTal : Inventions: 1850 to 1900
		Otto Hahn, German physicist who co-discovered nuclear fission, 1879.
		Svante August Arrhenius, Swedish chemist who studied solutions: 1859.
		Otto Meyerhof, German biologist who worked out the chemistry of muscle contractions: 1884.
	www.krysstal.com /inventions_12.html (1705 words)

	Back to the Basics
		Many people claimed the invention of the internal combustion engine in the 1860's, but only one has the patent on the four stroke operating sequence.
		Rest assured that underneath all of those wires and sensors lies an engine with the same basic operating principles of that "Otto" engine over a century old.
		Before explaining the operation of the four-stroke engine, some of the internal parts must be identified.
	www.siu.edu /~autoclub/frange.html (1018 words)

	Design A Future Vehicle Workshop at ATI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Siegfried Marcus builds his second gasoline-powered vehicle, which is preserved in the Technical Museum in Vienna; Marcus mysteriously washes his hands of the whole idea, deciding it to be a waste of time.
		1876 Nikolaus August Otto invents the first four-stroke internal-combustion engine, the first practical alternative to the steam engine.
		Nikolaus August Otto constructs a successful internal-combustion engine.
	www.marshall.edu /ati/dfv/teacher/timeline.htmlx (2209 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		Engineer Nicolaus August Otto invented the first practical alternative to the steam engine.
		Because of its reliability, efficiency, and relative quietness, more than 30,000 Otto cycle engines were built in the next 10 years.
		Now called the 'Otto cycle' in his honor, the design called for four strokes of a piston to draw in and compress a gas-air mixture within a cylinder resulting in an internal explosion.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/116.html (175 words)

	Henry Ford revolutionized the auto industry
		But he made money mostly by selling trees from his farm.
		There he saw a machine called the "silent otto.
		It had been developed by a German, Nikolaus August Otto.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /language_tips/2006-11/28/content_744531.htm (1244 words)

	October 9 - Today In Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1866 Eugen Langen, who owned a a sugar refining company, financed Nikolaus August Otto (1832-91), developed a more efficient gas engine.
		The Otto and Langen company produced stationary gas engines (usually powered by coal gas).
		Otto went on to build, in 1876, the prototype of the so-called Otto-cycle engines used in most modern automobiles, fueled primarily with gasoline, alcohol or benzene.
	www.todayinsci.com /10/10_09.htm (2743 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nikolaus August Otto (Technology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Nikolaus August Otto (Technology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Nikolaus August Otto[nE´kOlous ou´goost O´tO] Pronunciation Key, 1832–91, German engineer.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Nikolaus August Otto
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/O/Otto-Nik.html (141 words)

	Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir
		Four years later Nikolaus August Otto and Eugen Langen of Germany built a four stroke engine.
		Althought Lenoir was a brilliant man, inventing the first practical internal combustion engine and many other useful devices, his inventions were commericial flops, and he died a poor man on August fourth, 1900 in La Varenne - Saint - Hilaire.
		Despite his downfall at the end of his life, his engine was later developed further, it improved and expanded, and it can be credited as being the basis and backbone of many industries all over the world today, and was one of the greatest and most influential inventions of the nineteenth century.
	www.angelfire.com /sk3/caust12/Lenoir.html (736 words)

	[No title]
		On August 9th this was my role except at the time of bombing I recorded the Atomic blast and cloud on a 8mm movie camera for the Los Alamos Group, Lawrence Johnston in particular once returned to Tinian we were all debrief on what we had seen and felt during the mission.
		Our document dates from 1881 when Otto was still on top of the world, before he actually lost his patent.
		However, Otto was the first to build a four-stroke cycle engine, even if he lost the patent war, which make this document even more valuable.
	www.maxrambod.com /science.htm (6655 words)

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