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	Nilgiri Mountain Railway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) connects the town of Mettupalayam with the hill station of Ooty (correctly Udhagamandalam), in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India.
		The Nilgiri Mountain railway is one of the oldest mountain railways in India.
		The railway is one of the few in the world to be dependant on steam locomotives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nilgiri_Mountain_Railway (768 words)

	Mountain railway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A mountain railway is a railway that ascends and descends a mountain slope that has a steep grade.
		Mountain railways commonly have a narrow gauge to allow for tight curves in the track and reduce tunnel size and structure gauge, and hence construction cost and effort.
		Where the line is too steep to rely on adhesion for climbing, a rack railway may be used, in which a toothed cog wheel engages with a toothed rack rail laid between the tracks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mountain_railway (536 words)

	ooty.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Nilgiri Mountain Railway (N.M.R) was worked by the former Madras Railway Co. upto 31st December 1907 on behalf of Government w.e.f.
		In India, Nilgiri Mountain Railway is the only mountain rail line of metre gauge system that is fitted with the unique rack and pinion arrangement for the train to negotiate an average gradient of I in 12.28 of Coonoor ghat section.
		Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) of the Southern Railway connects Mettupalayam of Coimbatore plains with Ootacamund that crowns the mountains of the Nilgiris.
	www.ooty.org /railway.html (2303 words)

	Ooty Toy Train, Nilgiri Mountain Railway, Ooty Toy Train in India
		The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) runs on a metre gauge railway line for about 46 km, at a maximum speed of 33 km per hour.
		In 1854, the first plans were made to build a mountain railway from Mettupalayam to the Nilgiri Hills.
		The Madras Railway Company continued to manage this railway line on behalf of the government for a long time until the South Indian Railway company purchased it.
	www.indovacations.net /english/Nilgiri-Mountain-Railway.htm (789 words)

	Mountain rail tours, Kangra Valley Railway, Kalka Shimla Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Matheran Light ...
		The first three Railways connect the foothills of the Himalayas with exotic hill stations, the fourth connects Mettupalayam on the foothills of the Nilgiris to the beautiful hill station of Ootacamund in the South and the fifth runs on the Western Ghats.
		The only other mountain railway in the world that reaches a higher altitude is in the Andes where Cusco station is located at 14,000 feet, but the mechanism used there is different.
		Coonoor is situated 6,000 feet above sea level at the south-east corner of the Nilgiri Plateau and at the head of the principal pass from the plains.
	www.indiaprofile.com /transportation/railways/mountainrailways.htm (5097 words)

	Nilgiri Mountain Railway: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A locomotive is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train, and has no payload capacity of its own; its sole purpose is to provide power....
		A cog railway or rack-and-pinion railway is a mountain railway with a special centre rack rail mounted in the middle of the sleepers between the regular...
		Indian railways (abbreviated ir) is the state-owned national railway network of india....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ni/nilgiri_mountain_railway.htm (984 words)

	:: Sandstone Steam Railroad ::
		Criterion (ii): The mountain railways of India are outstanding examples of the interchange of values on developments in technology, and the impact of innovative transportation system on the social and economic development of a multicultural region, which was to serve as a model for similar developments in many parts of the world.
		The Mountain Railways of India are outstanding examples of a technological ensemble, representing different phases of the development in high mountain areas.
		The property is nominated on the basis of criteria ii and iv: Criterion ii: NMR is an example of a colonial Railway, and part of that stage of globalisation, which was characterized by colonial rule, and the political and economic domination of the people of Asia, Africa and the Pacific by Europeans.
	www.sandstone-estates.com /heritage/rail/news/rn68/rn68.htm (1949 words)

	The Hindu : Tamil Nadu / Udhagamandalam News : Tap Nilgiri Mountain Railway to promote tourism, says Velu
		Dedicating to the nation the inscription of the NMR as a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), he suggested that the State Government promote a `Nilgiris Mountain Odyssey.' The railways would extend all help for such a project.
		Velu said the Nilgiri Mountain Railway would be improved at a cost of Rs.
		Velu said that the Nilgiri Mountain Railway having been granted the World Heritage Site Status by the UNESCO, efforts were on get a similar recognition for the Mathiran line in Maharashtra and the Kangra Valley in Himachal Pradesh.
	www.hindu.com /2005/11/21/stories/2005112106130500.htm (532 words)

	Discussion Forum: Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Apropos the Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) which is proposed to be declared as a heritage railway, I can suggest some ways to improve its performance economically.
		Currently, the Railways are incurring an annual loss of Rs 24 crore on the Nilgiri mountain railway.
		Railway sources here said that the Nilgiri mountain railway laid in 1899 is the steepest Rack and Pinion systems of operation in the world today.
	www.southernrailway.org /forum/display_topic_threads.asp?ForumID=10&TopicID=273&PagePosition=1 (1544 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dedicating to the nation the inscription of the NMR as a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), he suggested that the State Government promote a `Nilgiris Mountain Odyssey.` The railways would extend all help for such a project.
		The Nilgiris, being a renowned place for school education, has been catering to the needs of students from different parts of the country and the world.
		Being one of the oldest churches in South India and the oldest in the Nilgiris district, it is situated near the Collectorate junction and commands a magnificent view, compelling tourists and the locals to pause for a while near its gates.
	www.sabolindia.com /latestnews.aspx (1916 words)

	Incredible India
		The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway opened in 1881, while the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, though proposed in 1854, was begun in 1891 and completed in 1908 due to the difficulty of the mountainous location which scales an elevation of 326m to 2,203m.
		Criterion (ii): The mountain railways of India are outstanding examples of the interchange of values on developments in technology, and the impact of innovative transportation system on the social and economic development of a multicultural region, which was to serve as a model for similar developments in many parts of the world.
		The Mountain Railways of India are outstanding examples of a technological ensemble, representing different phases of the development in high mountain areas.
	www.incredibleindia.org /heritage/mountain_railways.htm (204 words)

	Hill Trains in India
		The hill stations in India are not only noted for their cool salubrious air and their stunning mountain scenery but are known for serene ambience, rolling meadows and spellbinding views.
		Coonoor is situated 6,000 feet above sea level at the southeast corner of the Nilgiri plateau and at the head of the principal pass from the plains.
		One of the hand brakes acts on the tyres of the wheels in the ordinary manner and the second acts on grooved surfaces of the pinion axle but can be used in those places where the rack is laid.
	www.hill-stations-india.com /hill-trains-india/nilgiri-mountain-railway.html (594 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Rlys to seek heritage status for Nilgiri Mountain line
		THE Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR), a star tourist attraction on its own merit and which provides a rail link to the popular hill station Udhagamandalam, is set to have a vintage tag with the Railways proposing to get `world heritage' status from the UNESCO for it.
		In fact, the Railways have tried to retain the old world charm of NMR- the locos are of 1925 vintage and the coaches belonging to that era have been given a face-lift.
		The Railways too have been receptive to the argument that economy of operation should not be the sole criteria in deciding the issue.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /bline/2002/05/13/stories/2002051300711300.htm (587 words)

	PIB Press Release
		The Nilgiri Mountain Railway has been inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in their 29th of World Heritage Committee being held in Durban in South Africa from 10th to 17 July, 2005.
		Nilgiri Mountain Railway is a living example of the engineering enterprise of the 19th century.
		The Ministry of Railways of and also the Southern Railway administration give great emphasis on the preservation of this entire railway system including the line, rolling stock and all associated buildings in their original to the extent possible.
	pib.nic.in /release/release.asp?relid=10215 (293 words)

	Nilgiris - Mountain Railway - A steam odyssey
		Each of the four hill railways possesses its own unique character: the climax of the long Darjeeling line is a darshan of Kanchenjunga, while the last section of the Kangra Valley line runs parallel to the snow peaks of the Dhaula Dhar.
		These railways were easily distinguishable in earlier days by the differing profiles of the steam locomotives employed on them.
		Since the Nilgiri rack railway was a Swiss invention, the locos that still run it — fitted with extra pistons to work the rack mechanism — were imported from Switzerland.
	www.nilgiris.com /nilgiritrain2.htm (823 words)

	outlookindia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Climbing the Nilgiris, with a gradient of 1 in 12 between Mettupalayam and Coonoor, the NMR negotiates 208 sharp curves, passes through 16 tunnels and crosses 250 bridges, all of which are engineeing and masonry marvels.
		The failure of NMR to make itself sustainable and the passengers preferring to travel on bus from Mettupalayam to Ooty, as it takes much lesser time, has led to demands that the train be "modernised".
		The NMR remains much as it was at the time of completion which took 32 years from the time of conceptualisation.
	www.outlookindia.com /pti_print.asp?id=337406 (690 words)

	National Railway Museum
		Nilgiri Mountain Railway composite first and third class coach.
		F-734 from Rajputana Malwa Railway is the first locomotive manufactured in India in 1895.
		E-207 built by Dubs and Co., UK in 1879 was modified at Jodhpur Railway Workshop as a saddle tank loco in 1912.
	www.trainweb.org /railworld/NRM/national_railway_museum7.htm (194 words)

	MADRAS - LoveToKnow Article on MADRAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Anaimudi mountain (8837 ft.) in Travancore is the highest in southern India.
		Railways and Irrigation.The presidency is well supplied with railways, which naturally have their centre in Madras city, the chief seaport.
		It is also the terminal station of two lines of railway, the, Madras and Southern Mahratta line and the Madras and Tanjore section of the South Indian railway.
	www.1911ency.org /M/MA/MADRAS.htm (4775 words)

	Nilgiri Mountain Railways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ootacamund or Ooty is situated in Nilgiri Mountains near Tri Junction of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.
		It is one of the most popular hill resorts in southern India at an elevation of 7216 ft. Ootacamand is a corruption of the word "Utaka Mand" a Mand or collection of quaint huts in which the original tribe of "Todas" lived.
		The proposal for extension for Mettupalayam Branch to Nilgiri was mooted in 1875.
	www.railmuseum.org /nmr (468 words)

	Nilgiri Mountain Railway,Hill Trains In India,Mountains Adventure Tour
		Hill Trains in India is a railway tracks that ascends and descends a mountain slope that has a steep grade.
		From Mettupalaiyam to the Nilgiri Hills, The line was completed and opened for traffic in June 1899 and first time operated by the Madras Railway under an agreement with the
		The railway is 12-1/2 miles long with a two feet gauge.
	www.123-mountain-resort.com /mountain-railways.htm (479 words)

	Zee News - Nilgiri Mountain Railways dedicated to the nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Udhagamandalam (Tamil Nadu), Nov 20: The Nilgiri Mountain Railways, recently declared a world heritage site by UNESCO, was today dedicated to the nation by Minister of State for Railways, R Velu.
		Stating that the railways was going through a golden era, the minister said massive expansion was going on in the service but added that public safety was the topmost priority for the organisation.
		The Minister, who evaluated the requirements of the NMR today, said that none of the stations or the facilities will be mutilated so as to affect their heritage status but they would be improved to attract more tourists.
	www.zeenews.com /znnew/articles.asp?aid=257265&sid=NAT (537 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Mountain rail gets oil-powered engine
		THE Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR), which has been chugging along the picturesque Nilgiri Mountain range for close to a century has got a fresh lease of life thanks to the interaction between the Southern Railway and the Tiruchirapalli Regional Engineering College Science and Technology Park (TREC-STEP).
		The successful conversion of coal fired NMR engine into an oil fired loco has come as a relief not only to the railways but to the thousands of tourists flocking the hill station and the local public, who had been resisting any attempt to discontinue the NMR operations.
		The Minister of State for Railway, Mr A.K. Moorthy, formally launched the oil fired steam locomotive of NMR from Mettupalayam to Coonoor at a function in Mettupalayam on Sunday.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /bline/2002/09/23/stories/2002092301421300.htm (657 words)

	India-Features1
		The UN body described NMR as an "innovative transportation system of the social and economic development of a multicultural region, which was to serve as a model for similar developments in many parts of the world".
		NMR, together with the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway in eastern India that was given this status in 1999, has been branded Mountain Railways of India.
		Among other mountain railways of the world, only the Swiss Mountain Railway system of the Alps can be compared with NMR in terms of technology and ruling gradient.
	literateworld.com /India-Features1.htm (1267 words)

	Nilgiri Mountain Railway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		he Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) is a 46 Km long 1000 mm gauge railway connecting Mettupalayam (1069 ft) to Ooty (7228 ft).
		Its first section upto Coonoor was completed in 1899 by the Nilgiri Railway Company and was extended to Ooty in 1903.
		In those days it served as a popular getaway from the sweltering heat of the plains for the British in India.
	indiasteam.tripod.com /nmr.htm (363 words)

	Nilgiri Mountain Railway
		Mettupalaiyam - Ooty - It was in 1854, that the first plans were made to build a mountain Railway from Mettupalaiyam to the Nilgiri Hills.
		The line was extended to Ootacamund from Coonoor some time in 1908 on the same gauge over a distance of 11 and 3/4 miles at a cost of Rs.
		The Maximum permissible speed on Mettupalaiyam-Kallar and Coonoor-Udagamandalam "Non-Rack" system is 30 while between Kallar and Coonoor "RACK" section the maximum permissible speed is 13 kmph.The region covered by the Nilgiri Mountain Railway gets rainfall during the south-west and north-east monsoons.
	www.indianrail.gov.in /hill_2.html (372 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Rlys to seek heritage status for Nilgiri Mountain line
		It is said that among other Mountain Railways in the world, only the Swiss Mountain Railway System of the Alps could be compared with NMR in terms of technology and ruling gradient.
		It costs the Railways around Rs 3.50 crore annually to operate and maintain the NMR whereas the revenue generated is just a fraction of it.
		The Railways too have been receptive to the argument that economy of operation should not be the sole criteria in deciding the issue.
	www.blonnet.com /2002/05/13/stories/2002051300711300.htm (587 words)

	indian mountain railway,smokey mountain railway,smoky mountain railway,nilgiri mountain railway,rocky mountain railway ...
		The only other mountain railway in the world that reaches a higher altitude is in the Andes where Cusco station is located at 14,000 feet, but the mechanism used there is different.
		It happens to be the name given to the entire region that lies between the Dhauladhar ranges of the Himalayas to the north and the last straggling foothills to the south.
		After leaving Dharampur, the railway gains on the road by taking short cuts and tunnels so that up to Taradevi, the distance by rail from Kalka is one-fourth mile less than the distance by road in spite of railway ‘handicaps’.
	www.india4world.com /india-tour/india-transportation/railway/mountain-railways.shtml (3326 words)

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