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Topic: Nim Chimpsky

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	Nim Chimpsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nim Chimpsky (1973 – March 10, 2000) was a chimpanzee who was the subject of an extended study of animal language acquisition (code named 6.001) at Columbia University, led by Herbert S. Terrace.
		Chimpsky was named in honor of linguist Noam Chomsky —the father of modern cognitive linguistics and a strong critic of animal research into language acquisition.
		Nim's use of language was strictly pragmatic and used only as a means of obtaining an outcome, unlike a human child's who also uses language to generate or express meanings, thoughts or ideas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nim_Chimpsky (727 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Nim Chimpsky
		Nim Chimpsky (1973-March 10, 2000) was a chimpanzee who was the subject of an extended study of animal language acquisition at Columbia University, led by Herbert S. Terrace.
		Chimpsky was named in honor of linguist Noam Chomsky —the father of modern cognitive linguistics and a strong critic of animal research into language aquisition.
		Nim was born at the Institute for Primate Studies at the University of Oklahoma to Pan and Carolyn.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nim-Chimpsky (1362 words)

	Nim Chimpsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nim Chimpsky (1973-2000) was a chimpanzee named in mock honor of linguist Noam Chomsky.
		He was the subject of an extended study of animal language acquisition at Columbia University, led by Herbert S. Terrace.
		They were therefore led to question the claims that had been made on behalf of Washoe, and to argue that the apparently impressive results may have resulted from a relatively informal experimental approach.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Nim_Chimpsky (459 words)

	Talking With Chimps
		Nim was taught the pidgin sign language that was used by the Gardners as well as the molding and imitation method that they had used on Washoe.
		In Nim's case at the age of 26 months 38% of his utterances were full or partial imitations of his teachers and by the time he was 44 months it was 54%.
		In Nim's case however it was found that fewer than 10% of his utterances during the 22 months that he was video taped were expansions of the trainer's sentences.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Vines/4451/TalkWithChimps.html (3880 words)

	Nim Chimpsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nim Chimpsky (1973 - 2000) was a chimpanzee named in mock honor of linguist Noam Chomsky.
		Terrace and his colleagues aimed to usemore rigorous experimental techniques, and the intellectual discipline of the experimental analysis of behavior, so that the linguistic abilities of the apescould be put on a more secure footing.
		While Nim did learn 125 signs,the study concluded that he hadn't acquired anything the researchers were prepared to designate worthy of the name "language"although he had learned to repeat his trainers' signs in appropriate contexts.
	www.therfcc.org /nim-chimpsky-88509.html (435 words)

	Nim Chimpsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Project Nim was an attempt to replicate Washoe in which it was claimed that chimpanzee Washoe learned to understand and use American Sign Language.
		While Nim did learn 125 signs study concluded that he hadn't acquired anything researchers were prepared to designate worthy of name "language" although he had learned to his trainers' signs in appropriate contexts.
		After his owners were reportedly going to Nim to a research lab public involvement Nim's retirement to a ranch in Texas where he died at the age 26 from a heart attack.
	www.freeglossary.com /Nim_Chimpsky (839 words)

	The Reporter -- Impish chimp changed science
		Nim Chimpsky, a 26-year-old male chimpanzee, died of a heart attack at the Black Beauty Ranch near Tyler, Tex.
		Nim spent much of his adult life there, but when he was a baby, he lived with me. I raised him like a human child and taught him American Sign Language in a pioneering experiment into the nature of the essence of language.
		Nim was quick as a whip, yet he loved a good time.
	www.mcgill.ca /reporter/32/13/chimpsky (1204 words)

	Nim chimpsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Start the Nim chimpsky article or add a request for it.
		Look for Nim chimpsky in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		You can check for Nim chimpsky in the deletion log, or read its nomination for deletion if there is one.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/nim_chimpsky (150 words)

	The Green Man: Nim Chimpsky
		Nim Chimpsky, named after the great linguist Noam Chomsky, was the first chimpanzee to learn American sign language.
		Nim became famous, and was the subject of numerous books and television specials.
		Nim Chimpsky was free'd by activists and sent to a sanctuary in Texas.
	www.thegreenman.net.au /mt/archives/000191.html (312 words)

	Nim Chimpsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		trained Nim Chimpsky to use ASL with training methods similar to those of Gardner and Gardner, although Nim was not raised like a human child.
		Nim's MLU (mean length of utterance) did not increase with age, as a child's would.
		Nim expanded on what had just been signed only 7% of the time; children do so 21% of the time.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~swinters/371/nimchimpsky.html (228 words)

	Columbia News ::: Two Columbia Psychologists Show that Monkeys Have Numerical Abilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Terrace is best known for Project Nim, in which he tried to teach a chimpanzee named Nim Chimpsky to communicate with sign language.
		Nim, named for the philosopher and linguist Noam Chomsky, was raised and socialized like a human infant in the mid-1970s.
		After analyzing more than 20,000 different combinations of signs produced by the animal, Terrace concluded that Nim signed mainly to obtain particular rewards and that most of his signed combinations were unoriginal imitations of those uttered by his human teachers.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/news/00/01/monkeys.html (1139 words)

	Washoe (chimpanzee) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This claim is particularly associated with Herbert S. Terrace (see Nim Chimpsky).
		The social "immersion" method used by the Gardners is known to produce a "Clever Hans effect", whereby humans subconsciously provide gestural clues to the animal.
		Aside from the conclusions, the actual methodologies and data for both the Koko and Washoe projects remain private, and in response to the Washoe and Koko projects, Herbert Terrace began the Nim Chimpsky project.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Washoe_%28chimpanzee%29 (870 words)

	Nim
		In 1979, another study was begun by H.S. Terrace, this time with a chimpanzee named Nim.
		Nim was taught ASL by an experienced teacher.
		Almost 80% of his signing was in response prompting by his trainers and 40% was simply repetition of signs made by his trainers.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/twyford/73/nim.html (112 words)

	Teaching Sign Language to a Chimpanzee. R.A Gardner and B.T. Gardener (1969).
		Nim Chimpsky preferred certain sign orders, but failed to demonstrate that he understood any rules.
		Nim's longest recorded utterance is 'Eat drink, eat drink, eat Nim, eat Nim, drink eat, drink eat, Nim eat, Nim eat, me eat, me eat'.
		Nim would often start to sign before the trainer had finished signing; this suggests that he is not having a genuine conversation.
	www.garysturt.free-online.co.uk /gardner.htm (1968 words)

	OneSong Foundation \| Black Beauty Ranch Development Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When Nim was only a few days old, he was sent to New York to participate in a project - Project Nim - on whether animals can be taught to use language the way humans do.
		Nim was reared with a family, raised in a house, and treated like a human child would be.
		She spent the next thirteen years in Oklahoma, living in a large chimpanzee group which was involved in behavioral and cognitive research at the University of Oklahoma.
	www2.mccourtproductions.com /onesong_bbr.cfm (1098 words)

	ACP - Apes > Apes and Human Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nim moved on to the Institute for Primate Studies in Norman, Oklahoma and Terrace turned to an extensive analysis of the data gathered during Project Nim.
		In his 1979 book Nim, Terrace wrote: “The regularities in our corpus that were noted before Nim returned to Oklahoma gave me reason to believe that Nim was creating primitive sentences.
		Terrace concluded that Nim had never signed a true sentence, and that many of Nim’s individual signs immediately followed similar signs by his trainers.
	acp.eugraph.com /apes/index.html (2279 words)

	Language/primates and language
		Adding NIM to PLAY ME is simply redundant." [quoted in FR, p 393] The Terrace team began looking at what data was available from the other experiments, and found no indication that other chimps had done better than Nim.
		One of the characteristics of the Nim experiment that Terrace and his team found most disappointing was his lack of progress beyond the two-word stage.
		The team that worked with Nim, as mentioned, have changed their opinion entirely: they are no longer working with Nim and are concentrating on debunking the other sign-language studies.
	www.tafkac.org /language/primates_and_language.html (3338 words)

	Psychology Today: Do Animals Think? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the 1970s, he coordinated a project teaching American Sign Language to Nim Chimpsky, a young chimpanzee named in humorous honor of the famous linguist Noam Chomsky.
		Whereas Terrace had hoped that Nim would pick up sign language just by living among a community of people using it, he was disappointed to find that it was only possible to get Nim to learn by bribing him with treats.
		When funding for the project ran out, Terrace had time to consider his data, and he began to notice certain things: He realized that often Nim was using signs in his response that the trainers had used in their question--in effect just echoing what had been said.
	www.findarticles.com /cf_0/m1175/6_32/56883557/print.jhtml (2232 words)

	Miles 1983: Apes and language: The search for communicative competence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		p57: All language training was done in a concrete room that Nim appeared to be scared of.
		p57: Nim was taught at first with a method used on retarded people, which actually extinguished signing behavior.
		p59: The failure of Nim should is a failure of one training method, not the failure of apes in general.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /~jimmyd/summaries/miles1983.html (327 words)

	CEFR - Jeffrey Masson reviews Rattling The Cage
		Professor Herbert Terrace, a psychologist, achieved fame by claiming that he could not teach an ape, Nim Chimpsky, to create a sentence.
		But until I read Wise's demolition of this argument, I had no idea that 240 teachers taught Nim Chimpsky, that he was punished constantly, and that Professor Terrace advocated using a cattle prod on him.
		After Nim was gone Terrace returned to the classrooms and "wondered how I and the other teachers could have spent so much time in these oppressive rooms." All it take is for Wise to put in a telling !
	www.cefr.org /cefr_jeffrey_masson_review.htm (877 words)

	nim chimpsky - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We found 3 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word nim chimpsky:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "nim chimpsky" is defined.
		Nim Chimpsky : Stammtisch Beau Fleuve Acronyms [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=nim+chimpsky (80 words)

	ALR May June 99 Archives
		The chimpanzee Sarah was said to recognize nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and quantifiers; she was also taught same-difference, negation, and compound sentences.
		Herbert Terrace's work with the chimpanzee, Nim Chimpsky, cast doubts on the capacity of apes to "acquire" ASL.
		Although Nim learned some words, Terrace, who had become increasingly skeptical concerning the linguistic abilities of his subject, concluded that Nim, incapable of understanding what he was signing, was merely imitating his trainer.
	www.languagemagazine.com /internetedition/mj99/p12.html (1304 words)

	Monkeys Have Numerical Abilities, Two Columbia Psychologists Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Terrace believe that these, and similar experiments on the numerical ability of animals, will provide a unique window into the evolution of human intelligence.
		Terrace was not convinced that the chimp had demonstrated the ability to create unique sentences, the hallmark of language.
		terrace concluded that Nim signed mainly to obtain particular rewards and that most of his signed combinations were unoriginal imitations of those uttered by his human teachers.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-10/CU-MHNA-231098.php (1155 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the mid 1970's, while still a college undergraduate, I moved into a 37-room mansion on the New York Palisades with a baby chimpanzee as part of a grand experiment: The experiment was called Project Nim Chimpsky, directed by Herbert S. Terrace and Thomas Bever at Columbia University, where our subject was a male chimpanzee.
		My charge was to be the ape's "mother," and to raise him just like a child, while attempting to teach him American Sign Language.
		After years of analyzing Nim's (and other apes') "language," we concluded that ape "language" differed from us, and we placed most of the blame with the ape's inability to achieve human-like syntax.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~lpetitto/ape.html (429 words)

	Affensprache (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In seinem Buch Nim schildert er seine allmähliche Desillusionierung.
		Wenn Nim etwas wollte, griff er immer zunächst danach; erst wenn dies nicht klappte, verwendete er ein Zeichen
		Nim verwendete ASL-Zeichen nie, um mit anderen Schimpansen zu kommunizieren, die ebenfalls ASL-Zeichen gelernt hatten, wenn keine unmittelbare Belohnung zu erwarten war.
	www.skeptischeecke.de /Worterbuch/Affensprache/affensprache.html (1129 words)

	SSDB: Needs More Cowbell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He basically said forget about teaching chimps or dolphins a symbolic language, because they would never be able to have the grammar to explain complicated thoughts.
		Later on an "anti-proof" of the Washoe type of experiments was tried with an animal named Nim Chimpsky.
		It bore out his theory, and now everybody pretty much believe that most of the progress that was touted back when I was in school (and still excited by this stuff, even though it was on its way out) had been artifacts of the experimenters influencing (and in many cases cherry-picking) the results.
	www.sgtstryker.com /weblog/archives/000070.php (326 words)

	THE JYNNAN TONNYX SPRACHBUND
		In this paper, I intend to introduce the Cork Dry Conundrum to the reader, and to consider the evidence presented by various commentators, on the origins of the Jynnan Tonnyx Sprachbund - the most one of the controversial aspects of the "lan gauge".
		It will be shown that Wally Labov's Language and High-Society paradigm sheds some light on the matter, Nim Chimpsky's chatter allows further insight, though purely while viewed from a social perspective, while structural and historical linguistics allow the exclusion of more traditional explanations of this phenomenon.
		In a private communication, Nim Chimpsky informed me that he believed that this tribunal was "just another one of Labov's enormous, and theoretically unsound, ligging techniques.
	homepage.eircom.net /~ciaranmac19/gin.htm (1389 words)

	Chimp uses laptop to 'talk' to humans
		But on closer examination, scientists found strong evidence that Washoe and the provocatively named Nim Chimpsky probably learnt to please their teachers by contorting their hands into all kinds of configurations.
		And the human trainers, searching for examples of communication, thought they saw words, a charge of overinterpretation that is often made by critics.
		In a widely quoted paper in the journal Science, "Can an Ape Create a Sentence?" even Nim Chimpsky's trainer, Dr Herbert Terrace, a Columbia University psychologist, reluctantly concluded that the answer was no. Critics also point out that many of the utterances of apes are demands for immediate rewards such as food.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1999/07/26/wape26.html (925 words)

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