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Topic: Nineteenth century theatre

	19th Century Theatre Database
		Early Nineteenth Century Audiences - General impressions of early nineteenth century theatre audiences in America, primarily in the words of touring Irish actor Tyrone Power.
		The Psychology of Theatre Audiences - An analysis of the psychological traits of the average theatre audience.
		Romanticism in the Theatre - A study of the Romantic drama and its battle with Classicism.
	www.theatredatabase.com /19th_century (462 words)

	History of theater - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The theatre of ancient Rome was heavily influenced by the Greek tradition, and, as with many other literary genres, Roman dramatists tended to adapt and translate from the Greek.
		Nineteenth century theatre is dominated by the birth of realism and naturalism, which attempts to portray ordinary life onstage.
		Twentieth century theatre often continues the project of realism but there has also been a great deal of experimental theatre that rejects the conventions of realism and earlier forms, such as Brechtian theatre, absurdist theatre and postmodern theatre.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /h/hi/history_of_theater_1.html (993 words)

	The Drama in the Nineteenth Century
		THE dawn of the nineteenth century was illumined by the last flickers of the red torch of the French Revolution; and its earlier years were filled with the reverberating cannonade of the Napoleonic sonquests.
		In the eighteenth century, when it ought to have been evident that the drama was no longer at its best, the tradition of its supremacy survived and it was still believed to be the sole field for the first ventures of ambitious authors.
		Yet there were very few playwrights of the second half of the nineteenth century who had not been more or less influenced by Scribe, and who did not find it difficult to release themselves from their bondage to him.
	www.imagi-nation.com /moonstruck/clsc90w1.html (5656 words)

	Theatre from 1660 to 1875 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Romantic drama is the theatre of the "long ago and far away." The audiences of the early 19th century wanted to escape the dull, petty frustrations of their lives.
		Mounting a theatre on a flat boat, and taking the show to the major cities along the river was an efficient way to tour, and no "western" community was large enough to support a resident theatre company.
		The 19th century spotlight which created the brilliant pool of light that followed the "star." This light was produced by heating a block of calcium carbonate (lime) to incandescence with a oxyo-hydrogen torch.
	www.northern.edu /wild/th100/CHAPT13B.HTM (2505 words)

	.: Universidad Anáhuac México Sur :.
		Older equivalents to it were performed up to the seventeenth century, after which it was abandoned, to be revived in the eighteenth century in the shape of farces and burlesques which were given the positions of after-piece or curtain-raiser right up to the close of the nineteenth century.
		Some of the stalwarts of the one-act farce (such as the milkman, tailor and washerwoman) were swept aside in the second half of the nineteenth century as the writers took notice of the higher social position of many in the audience and responded to the work and social duty emphases in Victorian philosophy.
		In the Victorian period, ideas against the theatre based on conventional religious and social standards were gradually dropped, and it was during this period that short plays came into their own as the most amenable form for amateur actors to use at home and elsewhere.
	www.uas.mx /institutos/TheatreEssy.asp (11587 words)

	Theatre in New York: A Brief History - Part II
		in the nineteenth century, theatre was permanently established as an institution in the community, elegant theatres were built, and professionals followed the trend of the times by searching for an area in which to focus their activities.
		His success inspired a number of theatres across the country to call themselves "museums," a trend that continued through the end of the Nineteenth century.
		It was during a tour that Laura Keene's troupe came to Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC in the Spring of 1865.
	www.musicals101.com /bwaythhist2.htm (1402 words)

	Modern Drama: 19th Century Theatre: Toward the Modern Drama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Until the nineteenth century, most European playwrights drew their tragic plots from ancient myths or legendary history and their comic material from a repertory of stock characters and attitudes.
		Mid-nineteenth century Europe luxuriated in the profits of industrial progress; not only in France, but also in England (where this period is named after the long-lived Queen Victoria) and elsewhere on the continent, new ruling classes based on wealth rather than intellect or inheritance wielded power.
		The superior technical resources of the theatres built in the nineteenth century depended in large part upon the proscenium arch, which framed the stage and created a clean break between the playing area and the audience.
	newman.baruch.cuny.edu /digital/2000/c_n_c/c_09_modern_drama/19th_cent_theatre.htm (2674 words)

	UVa Library Exhibit: American Theatre
		If early nineteenth-century theatre managers remained unconvinced of the benefits of attaching a star to their companies, they quickly changed their opinions with the arrival in 1810 of George Frederick Cooke, already a star of the first rank on the London stage.
		While the mid-nineteenth century shows just listed ran for one hundred to three hundred consecutive performances, today's hits stay open for runs exceeding 10,000 nights and what was considered a long run just a few years ago is now required just to make back the initial investments in a show.
		In the late 1940s and early 1950s, theatre moved once again beyond the lights of Broadway to create a chain of what came to be known as "regional theatres;" while during the Vietnam era, the theatre recaptured the political fervor of the '30s to experience one of its greatest periods of xperimentation.
	www.lib.virginia.edu /small/exhibits/theatre/essay.html (1123 words)

	Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Drama in the Eighteenth Century - A history of dramatic literature as it developed during the 18th century.
		Drama in the Nineteenth Century - A history of dramatic literature as it developed during the nineteenth century.
		Scottish Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century - Survey of the work of William Hamilton, James Frederick Ferrier, and Alexander Bain; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Gordon Graham.
	www.findly.com /century.htm (399 words)

	Introduction to Theatre -- 19th-Century Melodrama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Melodrama was the primary form of theatre during the 19
		The repertory system finally fell when the long-term contract was deemed unfeasible, as some actors were idle during some shows; actors began to be employed only for the length of the play.
		After mid-1800’s, regular drama and specialty acts separated, and theatres specialized in one form of entertainment.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/spd130et/melodrama.htm (841 words)

	Special Collections
		I was especially attracted to the nineteenth century, which was the last great inclusive age of theatre.
		In our century, the movies and television have taken over a huge area of entertainment which used to be occupied by the live theatre; for us, the theatre has become almost a coterie art, aimed at highbrows.
		But in the nineteenth century the theatre had to satisfy a huge audience eager for entertainment, and every theatre offered a night's pleasure that included a tragedy, -- and also a comedy and after that a farce, to conclude an evening's entertainment that extended from half-part six until midnight.
	gateway.uvic.ca /spcoll/Thea/davies.html (792 words)

	Colloque du CRI - Joseph A. Sokalski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		My specialisation is late nineteenth-century theatre aesthetics, specifically pictorial illusionism as found on the American stage.
		This inventor-director's final project was the "Spectatorium", a 10 000 seat theatre that housed a 400 feet-wide water-tank stage.
		Surpassing the aesthetics of nineteenth-century theatre by creating "living" images of Columbus' voyage, MacKaye perfected theatrical "moving pictures" two years before the invention of cinema.
	cri.histart.umontreal.ca /cri/fr/colloques/1999-03/sokalski.html (194 words)

	National Theatre : SE1 9PX : Nineteenth Century
		During the nineteenth century Lambeth continued to develop as a centre of light industry with a population explosion fed by mass immigration from the countryside and from Ireland.
		The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed a number of social reforms in London.
		However, many survived into the early twentieth century until the 1890 Housing of the Working Classes Act led to more intensive slum clearance programmes, and the destruction wrought by the Blitz eradicated those that remained.
	www.nationaltheatre.org.uk /?lid=9699 (310 words)

	Ruskinian Theatre
		The project focuses on the theatre of London's West End as opposed to its drama in the period 1870-1901, the heyday of the Victorian actor-manager (Irving, Tree, Barrett, and the Kendals), and the spectacular theatre (the Drury Lane pantomimes).
		Orthodox accounts of the British theatre in the nineteenth century established a narrative of the triumphant emergence of the modern drama from a worn-out popular theatre, devoid of aesthetic value, and increasingly reliant on spectacle and star performers.
		This history moves away from a literary focus on the dramatic text, to an investigation of the theatre’s wider cultural context, and seeks to relate theatrical developments to contemporary social, political and aesthetic developments, in order to understand the nature, structure and response of the audience to what they are seeing.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /depts/history/research/ruskiniantheatre.htm (1076 words)

	New York University \| Bobst Library: Research Assistance -- rg8.html
		Eighty writers, including many of the best-known theatre historians, inform readers about all subjects related to the Theatre and to vaudeville, burlesque, the circus, magic, and film festivals.
		Nineteenth Century Theatre regularly publishes essays, documents, bibliographies, review essays, reviews and an annotated list of books received on the theatre of the 1800's.
		Recent articles have included a demographic study of Victorian Theatre employees: a description of James Steele MacKaye's lighting designs for the 1893 Columbian Exposition: and excerpts from a diary kept by the manager of a Japanese acrobat troupe that toured the United States in 1867.
	library.nyu.edu /research/rg8.html (2604 words)

	Early Nineteenth Century American Theatre Audiences
		Though the theatre of the place was not yet a year old, "the ornamental parts of the interior were already disfigured," we read.
		First he describes the American Theatre, which he found "a large, well-proportioned house, with three rows of boxes, a pit or parquette, as it is termed, sub-divided as in the French Theatre; each set is numbered, and, being taken at the box-office, is secured to the purchaser for any part of the evening.
		This attention to costume on the part of the ladies, added to their occupying the pit, obliges the gentlemen to adopt a correspondent neatness; and hence it occurs that, when the New Orleans theatre is attended by the belles of the city, it presents decidedly the most elegant-looking auditory of this country.
	www.theatredatabase.com /19th_century/american_theatre_audiences.html (3000 words)

	Vaudeville, A History
		Leavitt and Sargent's shows differed little from the coarser material presented in earlier itinerant entertainments, although their use of the term to provide a veneer of respectability points to an early effort to cater variety amusements to the growing middle class.
		Keith's theatres and their policies informed his audiences about changing standards of behavior acceptable for the middle class.
		As the century drew to a close, and the process of incorporation discussed by Alan Trachtenberg accelerated along with its related processes of industrialization and the formation of stricter cultural hierarchies, entertainment and audiences were forced to change.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA02/easton/vaudeville/vaudevillemain.html (1868 words)

	The Theatre in Nineteenth-Century Spain - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This is the first comprehensive study of the theatre of nineteenth-century Spain, a most important genre which produced more than 10,000 plays during the course of the century.
		Spanish theatre in the nineteenth century (an overview); 2.
		Theatre and dictatorship: from Napoleon to Fernando VII; 3.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521020239&print=y (230 words)

	Playing to the Gallery
		Course Description: The nineteenth century is regarded as a fl hole as far as U.S. drama is concerned by most literary critics.
		But this means that not only did it appeal to a majority of the population during the nineteenth century, but that it also cut across class and even ethnic barriers.
		Theatre is already in a sense a virtual object in that it not as heavily influenced by a printed source; and even the way the audience experiences the event can be different according to where you sit in the theatre or the performance that you attended.
	www.ags.uci.edu /~ishmael/Gallery.htm (1383 words)

	Theatre Ph.D. Program: Courses
		These companion pieces will allow us to consider what was going on in theatre when the opera was first produced and/or what led to its story.
		From Roman comedy to the Elizabethan public theatre, from medieval farce to nineteenth-century melodrama, theatre routinely functioned as a popular cultural practice.
		The problems that the theatre movement faces in Latin America will be analyzed, including the technical and financial difficulties of staging a work, government censorship and its attendant self-censorship, the need to create one's own public, as well as the impossibility of earning a living solely from the theatre.
	web.gc.cuny.edu /theatre/courses/s2004.html (1560 words)

	Farewell Nineteenth Century ! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 1976, a time when the nineteenth century seemed completely forgotten, the study group The Nineteenth Century was started.
		The study group then founded the Nineteenth Century foundation, which was to organise this manifestation together with Verstegen en Stigter, a bureau for cultural projects.
		Since 1977 the study group The Nineteenth Century publishes the journal De Negentiende Eeuw (The Nineteenth Century), in which articles are published about this age, concentrating on the Netherlands and Belgium.
	www.negentiende-eeuw.nl /info/engels.html (345 words)

	CRL - Drama & Theater
		Picking up where "Three centuries of English and American drama" [not owned by CRL] left off, this set is the micropublisher's attempt to reproduce every play published during the 19th century.
		The coverage of this microfilm set is the late 17th century to 1930, but books from the 19th century are particularly well-represented.
		This set reproduces the archives of the Old Vic Theatre, documenting its history from its founding in 1914 to after 1963, when it became the National Theatre of Great Britain under the direction of Sir Laurence Olivier.
	www.crl.edu /content.asp?l1=5&l2=22&l3=39&top=12 (967 words)

	Melodrama
		In the second half of the century, Victorian England saw a rapid increase in the number of theatres as well as the number of theatre-goers.
		Fallen women in 19th century melodrama, usually find are redeemed and they die before the end of the fourth act: Nora actually plans this.
		As we shift from the nineteenth century into the twentieth century, theatre begins to lose its position as a popular art form (it is subsequently replace by film and television).
	dlibrary.acu.edu.au /staffhome/deryan/melodram.htm (1669 words)

	Nineteenth century theatre periodicals. Part One.
		Theatre periodicals published from 1800 to 1897 housed in the British Library, Bloomsbury.
		Notes: This publication includes a new series of theatre periodicals from the nineteenth century as part of Britain's Literary Heritage, which is a major programme making available literary manuscripts and other source materials.
		Notes: The nineteenth century periodicals in this part of the collection come from The British Library, Bloomsbury, from the Theatre Museum, London, and the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
	www.lib.monash.edu /microform/5879.html (231 words)

	Reflecting the audience: London theatregoing, 1840 - 1880, by Davis and Emeljanow (University of Hertfordshire Press, ...
		They concentrate chapter by chapter on seven representative theatres from four areas: the Surrey Theatre and the Royal Victoria to the south, the Whitechapel Pavilion and the Britannia Theatre to the east, Sadler's Wells and the Queen's (later the Prince of Wales's) to the north, and Drury Lane to the west.
		Davis and Emeljanow thoroughly examine the composition of London's 18401880 theatre audiences, their behavior, and their attendance patterns by looking at topography, social demography, police reports, playbills, autobiographies and diaries, newspaper accounts, economic and social factors as seen in census returns, maps and transportation data, and the managerial policies of each theatre.
		The Royal Coburg Theatre, one of the theatres whose audience is investigated in this book, is today known as the Old Vic, former home of the Royal Shakespeare Company and the oldest working theatre in London, but teetering on the verge of closure.
	www.herts.ac.uk /UHPress/audience.html (1187 words)

	Royal Holloway, University of London : Department of Drama & Theatre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In the summer of 2002, I was the principal investigator for an AHRB funded practical research project which combined the expertise of academic historians and a specially formed professional company to investigate the plays of early-nineteenth century actress/playwright Jane Scott.
		My interest in developing methodologies and approaches to practice-based research in theatre history, especially feminist theatre histories, is currently focused on the work of female writer/performers – particularly the one-woman show and its development from the nineteenth century stage to today’s comedy clubs and T.V screens.
		I am currently supervising doctoral research in 18th century British theatre and co-supervising research projects in popular entertainment on both sides of the Atlantic in the late 19th century theatre.
	www.rhul.ac.uk /Drama/staff/bush-bailey_gilli/index.html (489 words)

	Stage, Page, Scandals, and Vandals \| Rinear
		In this first modern book-length biography of native Englander William E. Burton, theatre historian David L. Rinear explores Burton’s diary, letters, published reviews, and various reminiscences to reveal the tumultuous personal and professional lives of the mid-nineteenth-century actor/manager and his role in American literary history.
		is a professor of drama and the director of theatre at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas.
		He is the author of The Temple of Momus: Mitchell’s Olympic Theatre and a coauthor of Theatre in the United States: A Documentary History, Vol.
	www.siu.edu /~siupress/titles/s04_titles/rinear_stage.htm (477 words)

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