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Topic: Ninhydrin

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	Ninhydrin Processing, Ninhydrin, Fingerprintig Supply, FingerPrinting Kit
		Various solutions of Ninhydrin may be used to develop latent prints on porous surfaces such as paper, cardboard, and wood.
		Ninhydrin reacts with amino acids commonly found in latent print residue to form a purple compound, yielding latent prints visible in shades ranging from reddish-purple to brownish-purple.
		If using Ninhydrin mixed in a flammable liquid at a crime scene, a full-face breathing apparatus should be worn and avoid any source of heat or spark.
	www.securityandsafetysupply.com /news/lp-19.htm (1225 words)

	Ninhydrin - Latent print processing reagent.
		Ninhydrin is an amino acid-developing reagent that is applied by dipping, brushing or spraying.
		Development is catalyzed by the addition of heat and atmospheric water through the use of a humidity chamber to obtain a Ruhemann's Purple dye complex.
		Ninhydrin may be used as a blood enhancment technique.
	www.cbdiai.org /Reagents/nin.html (331 words)

	Reaction of Ninhydrin with Amino Acids
		Ninhydrin reacts with amino acids to produce a violet compound.
		Ninhydrin solution is sprayed on the paper to allow it to react with the amino acid.
		As the paper dries and is heated, the ninhydrin reacts with the amino group on the glutamic acid to produce a violet compound.
	www.jce.divched.org /JCESoft/CCA/CCA5/MAIN/2BIOCHEM/BIOCHEM1/NINHYDRIN/MOVIE.HTM (134 words)

	Ninhydrin Processing
		The problem with spraying Ninhydrin solutions is that, even in a fume hood, airborne particles of Ninhydrin dust can form as the carrier evaporates.
		The simplest Ninhydrin solution to prepare is made by pouring 25 grams of Ninhydrin crystals into a gallon (or 4 liters) of solvent.
		To "paint" the document, clamp a clean cotton ball in forceps, dip the cotton ball into the Ninhydrin solution, and dab or paint the document with the wet cotton.
	www.crimeandclues.com /ninhydrin.htm (836 words)

	NINHYDRIN: BASIC TO ADVANCED
		ABSTRACT: Ninhydrin, an amino acid reagent, may be applied to porous surfaces in a variety of solutions to develop latent finger and palm prints.
		Ninhydrin (synonym: 1,2,3-triketo-hydrindene hydrate) has been recognized since around the turn of the century as a reagent for detecting amino acids.
		From a safety standpoint, dipping the item in a tray of ninhydrin solution or painting the ninhydrin onto the surface with a cotton ball are preferable to spraying.
	www.geocities.com /cfpdlab/ninhydri.htm (1483 words)

	Dry Ninhydrin
		The use of ninhydrin crystals carried within a solution and then applied to paper or other porous surfaces is considered a laboratory "workhorse" for many friction ridge analysts.
		Ninhydrin solutions can be mixed and carried within several different solvents—from alcohols, ketones, ethers, and alkanes, to synthesized organic-fluorine solvents—each having their own history of effective latent print development.
		In addition, this method allows for the item to be processed without being soaked in a bath of ninhydrin; thus, eliminating direct contact between the items physical characteristics and many of the caustic chemical solvents used as carriers in traditional ninhydrin formulations.
	www.csigizmos.com /products/latentdevelopment/drynin.html (617 words)

	Chemical Detection Techniques
		A ninhydrin solution of approximately 0.5% weight per volume in concentration is required to develop fingerprints on paper.
		The re-treatment of the document with the ninhydrin solution, the use of the enzyme trypsin to enhance fingerprint development, are strongly discouraged as these processes tend to increase background coloration and therefore reduce fingerprint contrast.
		To obtain the best contrast, ninhydrin developed prints should be photographed under white light with a green-yellow filter (560-580nm) fitted to the camera.
	www.policensw.com /info/fingerprints/finger14.html (2272 words)

	Rhinitis caused by ninhydrin develops into occupational asthma -- Piirila et al. 10 (8): 1918 -- European Respiratory ...
		Ninhydrin (2,2-dihydroxy-1,3-indanedione or 1,2,3-triketo-hydrindene hydrate) is a chemical used in the detection of free amino and carboxyl groups in proteins and peptides.
		Allergic, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated rhinitis caused by ninhydrin was diagnosed earlier in a 41 yr old woman working as a laboratory technician in a forensic laboratory.
		In the specific inhalation challenge it was shown that occupational asthma had also developed due to continuing slight exposure to ninhydrin.
	www.erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/10/8/1918 (167 words)

	NINHYDRIN: BASIC TO ADVANCED
		ABSTRACT: Ninhydrin, an amino acid reagent, may be applied to porous surfaces in a variety of solutions to develop latent finger and palm prints.
		Ninhydrin (synonym: 1,2,3-triketo-hydrindene hydrate) has been recognized since around the turn of the century as a reagent for detecting amino acids.
		From a safety standpoint, dipping the item in a tray of ninhydrin solution or painting the ninhydrin onto the surface with a cotton ball are preferable to spraying.
	www.iowaiai.org /ninhydri.htm (1483 words)

	TECH SOURCE
		This quick drying Ninhydrin Spray is supplied in an easy to use pump misting bottle and is an extremely sensitive method for developing old latent prints on paper documents, letters, newspaper, envelopes, wrapping paper, checks and even wallpaper at a crime scene.
		Ninhydrin reacts to the proteins and amino acids found in fingerprints.
		When ninhydrin is sprayed on the suspected area, the print will appear purple in color when heated to approximately 220 degrees in an oven or with a hair dryer or infrared lamp.
	www.techsource-forensics.com /ninhydrin.htm (177 words)

	Advanced solvent-free application of ninhydrin for detection of latent fingerprints on thermal paper and other surfaces
		The optimized conditions for ninhydrin sublimation are 50 mg ninhydrin, 2 to 5 mbar vacuum, and 150°C heating source temperature for 30 min.
		This work presents the first known experiments of ninhydrin sublimation in vacuum to detect latent fingerprints on thermal paper.
		In this method, latent fingerprints become visible in rich detail without the background fl staining known from the application of ninhydrin solutions to thermal paper.
	www.astm.org /DIGITAL_LIBRARY/JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/4203.htm (282 words)

	BVDA: Amino acid reagents: ninhydrin spray, solution, crystals; zinc chloride
		Ninhydrin crystals (2,2-dihydroxyindan-1,3-dione), 10 grams in a brown glass bottle.
		Zinc chloride solution (250 ml, in MTBE/petroleum ether) for changing the color of fingerprints developed with ninhydrins and making them fluorescent (although the last is an unreliable procedure with regular ninhydrin).
		Prints developed with regular ninhydrin change color from purple to orange.
	www.bvda.com /EN/sect1/en_1_8a.html (157 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ninhydrin, (Triketohydrindane hydrate) is a chemical used to detect ammonia or primary and secondary amines.
		Ninhydrin is also used in amino acid analysis of proteins: Most of the amino acids are hydrolyzed and reacted with ninhydrin except Proline; Also, certain amino acid chains are degraded.
		Note that in order to generate the ninhydrin chromophore, the amine is condensed with a molecule of ninhydrin to give a Schiff base.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=ninhydrin (322 words)

	BCSO Identification - Ninhydrin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ninhydrin reacts to amino acids, a substance you do sweat from your hands unlike fat which is the reaction component of iodine.
		This is two of the cautions to be associated with the use or mixing of ninhydrin.
		To use ninhydrin on an object, which is usually paper and wood products or those things that will not react well with powders (i.e.
	www.brazoria-county.com /sheriff/id/fingerprints/id~ninhydrin.htm (432 words)

	latent fingerprints, chemical enhancement of fingerprints in blood
		Leucomalachite green, amido fl, and ninhydrin chemically react with components in blood to form a dark-colored dye complex and have all been used successfully on light-colored or transparent surfaces.
		Leucomalachite green and ninhydrin have low background colors but are unsuitable for non-porous surfaces as they run off, and either distort the print or fail to react before detail can be photographed.
		For instance, ninhydrin and DFO were to be used only on porous or semi-porous targets.
	www.latent-prints.com /cac_blood.htm (1996 words)

	Amino Acid Assay (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simultaneously, the original ninhydrin is reduced and loses an oxygen atom with the formation of a water molecule.
		In summary, ninhydrin, which is originally yellow, reacts with amino acid and turns deep purple.
		Note that since ninhydrin is a strong oxidizing agent, proper caution should be exercised in handling this compound.
	www.glue.umd.edu /~nsw/ench485/lab3a.htm (729 words)

	DEA Resources, Microgram Journal, Volume 1, January-June 2003-
		The colors that are produced with ninhydrin, when correlated with the specific migration values (Rf) for each spot on specific TLC plates and using select solvent systems, greatly enhance the specificity of TLC for various drugs.
		Some of these new reagents have displayed superior properties versus ninhydrin in their sensitivity to amino acids and latent fingerprints, particularly in the fluorescence mode.
		In general, the colors obtained are very similar to the colors developed with ninhydrin, but the sensitivity of H is higher; therefore, a lower reagent concentration is required.
	www.usdoj.gov /dea/programs/forensicsci/microgram/journal_v1/mjournal_v1_pg4.html (1440 words)

	SCAFO Online Articles
		Up to now, it was generally believed that no latent prints would be left when rubber gloves were worn, and that no latents could be developed on the soft pliable rubber used to manufacture such gloves.
		The gloves were dipped in the ninhydrin solution and allowed to dry.
		The percentage referred to in the early writings on ninhydrin is 0.4%, or four tenths of one percent.
	www.scafo.org /library/150302.html (777 words)

	Forensic Evidence.com: Identification Evidence/Deciphering Latent Fingerprints: Sandwich Metho Revisited
		Ninhydrin is one of the simplest and a very commonly used reagent for development of latent fingerprints on documents and porous surfaces of similar nature.
		The ninhydrin solution is applied directly on the porous surface of the paper by spraying, by swabbing the solution on the surface, or by dipping the paper in a ninhydrin solution, followed by optionally heating it at around 100 C temperature.
		In using the sandwich method of applying ninhydrin, latent fingerprints were visualized under different conditions as age of the latent prints, concentration of reagent, type of paper, temperature for treatment and time taken to complete the reaction.
	www.forensic-evidence.com /site/ID/sandwich_method.html (1791 words)

	[No title]
		In addition, ninhydrin analogs were altered to expand their solubility to a wider range of organic solvents.
		Previous work on ninhydrin Ninhydrin was first prepared in 1910 by the English chemist, Siegfried Ruhemann, who also investigated the formation of the violet compound (Ruhemann's Purple, or RP) produced by ninhydrin's reaction with amino acids.
		In the ninhydrin study, researchers found that some derivatives of the reagent, resulting from its reaction with higher molecular weight or "long chain" alcohols (i.e., hemiacetals), undergo the same color-forming reactions as ninhydrin, but they are substantially more soluble in organic solvents (e.g., ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, or toluene).
	www.ncjrs.gov /txtfiles/finger.txt (954 words)

	Dr. Zaheer Khan; Department of Chemistry
		Kinetics and mechanism of ninhydrin reaction with copper(II) complexes of glycine and a -alanine.
		Kinetics of the interaction of cadmium(II) histidine complex with ninhydrin in absence and presence of cationic and anionic micelles.
		Kinetics and mechanism of the ninhydrin reaction with chromium(III)-tryptophan complex in absence and presence of surfactants.
	jmi.nic.in /Fnat/zaheer_ch.htm (1739 words)

	Digestion of Protein into Amino Acid (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To analyze amino acid concentrations by the ninhydrin colorimetric method during the enzymatic hydrolysis of a protein.
		In this method, an organic compound called ninhydrin is reacted with the amino acids released during the hydrolysis of the protein.
		Since ninhydrin does not react with the undegraded protein, one can measure the amino acid concentration by following the development of the purple color by measuring the absorbance of the solution with a spectrophotometer.
	www.engr.umd.edu /~nsw/ench485/lab3.htm (1329 words)

	Ninhydrin
		Ninhydrin is a liquid that is applied by dipping, brushing or spraying.
		Development is catalyzed by the addition of steam and heat through the use of a humidity chamber.
		Ninhydrin may be used an a blood enhancement technique.
	hometown.aol.com /varfee/chemical/nin.html (139 words)

	Ninhydrin Reagent
		Hardy Diagnostics Ninhydrin Reagent is recommended for use in rapid determination of sodium hippurate hydrolysis reactions in bacteria.
		The hippurate test is a qualitative procedure for determining the ability of group B streptococci, as well as other bacteria, to hydrolyze sodium hippurate to benzoic acid and glycine.
		The development of a purple color after the addition of ninhydrin indicates the splitting of hippurate by the detection of glycine.
	www.hardydiagnostics.com /catalog/hugo/NinhydrinReagent.htm (556 words)

	NCJRS Abstract - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
		This article discusses whether it was possible to transfer someone’s prints onto a document that had been previously treated with ninhydrin.
		Ninhydrin is used worldwide by police departments to enhance fingerprints.
		The same two experiments were done using paper that had been previously treated with ninhydrin, with negative results.
	www.ncjrs.gov /app/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=204667 (310 words)

	www.clpex.com :: View topic - Ninhydrin question revisited (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The chemical reaction of ninhydrin with the amino acid is understood to be a three phase process resulting in a yield of Rhumanns purple.
		Bush said the sebaceous and eccrine material is intermixed and when the print is deposited on the paper the sebaceous oil has a tendency to protect or prevent the ninhydrin solution from interacting with the amino acids.
		This protein cannot react with ninhydrin directly as the amino acids are linked together (that is, the sites required to react are all taken up in the links binding together the amino acids).
	www.clpex.com /phpBB/viewtopic.php?p=597 (1434 words)

	Ninhydrin
		Ninhydrin wird auf Erzeugnissen aus Papier oder Pappe verwendet, um die Aminosäuren einzufärben, die üblicherweise in Rückständen latenter Abdrücke vorgefunden werden.
		Bei Behandlung mit Ninhydrin ergeben sich purpurfarbene Abdrücke, wobei der Farbton von purpurbraun bis purpurrot variieren kann.
		Obwohl die Ninhydrin Flecken entfernt werden, wird das Dokument nicht in den Originalzustand zurückversetzt, sondern wie "gewaschen" aussehen.
	www.krimtech.de /t-ninhyd.htm (636 words)

	Ninhydrin
		Mit Blick auf die Reaktion ist zu beachten, dass Ninhydrin aber auch die Aminosäure eigenen Gleichgewichtsreaktionen unterworfen sind.
		Das Gleichgewicht zwischen Ninhydrin und seinem Hydrat bzw.
		Die Aminogruppe ist hier dem Zugriff des Ninhydrins durch die Fmoc-Schutzgruppe entzogen.
	www.uni-bayreuth.de /departments/didaktikchemie/umat/ninhydrin/ninhydrin.htm (866 words)

	The Japanese Association of Science and Technology for Identification
		Ninhydrin has been the most widely used reagent for developing a latent finger- print on paper.
		And a few kinds of lib metal salt are known to form fluorescent coordination complex with Ruhemann's purple (RP), the reaction product of ninhydrin with amino acid.
		Furthermore, the fingerprints treated with ninhydrin /indium trichloride could also be excited by the laser and its fluorescence intensity was almost equivalent as to that treated with 5-methoxyninhydrin/zinc chloride.
	wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp /jasti/501023-e.html (269 words)

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