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Topic: Niobium

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	Niobium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Niobium (or columbium) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Nb and atomic number 41.
		Niobium is a shiny gray, ductile metal that takes on a bluish tinge when exposed to air at room temperature for extended periods.
		Appreciable amounts of niobium in the form of high-purity ferroniobium and nickel niobium are used in nickel-, cobalt-, and iron-base superalloys for such applications as jet engine components, rocket subassemblies, and heat-resisting and combustion equipment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Niobium (957 words)

	Niobium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Niobium is a shiny grey ductile metal that takes on a bluish tinge when exposed to air at temperature for extended periods.
		Appreciable amounts of niobium in the form high-purity ferroniobium and nickel niobium are used in nickel- cobalt - and iron -base superalloys for such applications as jet engine components rocket subassemblies and heat-resisting and combustion equipment.
		Niobium- tin and niobium- titanium alloys are used as wires for superconducting magnets capable of producing exceedingly strong magnetic fields.
	www.freeglossary.com /Niobium (845 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Niobium
		Niobium was rediscovered and renamed by Heinrich Rose in 1844 when he produced two new acids, niobic acid and pelopic acid, from samples of columbite and tantalite.
		Niobium is used as an alloying agent and for jewelry, but perhaps its most interesting applications are in the field of superconductivity.
		Superconductive niobium cavities are at the heart of a machine built at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele041.html (361 words)

	Niobium - Raw Materials and Processing
		Niobium is also found, in very small quantities, in the slags produced from the smelting of some tin ores.
		Niobium metal is produced by the aluminothermic reduction of the oxide followed by electron beam refining.
		) with sodium, or by the reduction of niobium oxide with magnesium.
	www.tanb.org /niobium1.html (688 words)

	Columbium/Niobium Products
		Niobium, discovered in 1801 by C. Hatchett, an English Chemist in an ore called columbite, is a metal that is closely related to tantalum.
		Niobium mill products are used in the fabrication of corrosion resistant process equipment including reaction vessels, columns, bayonet heaters, shell and tube heat exchangers, U-tubes, thermowells, spargers, rupture diaphragms, and orifices.
		Niobium is very similar to tantalum and several alloys are available in the arc-cast and wrought condition.
	www.hcrosscompany.com /refractory/niobium.htm (551 words)

	niobium. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Niobium is important in the production of high-temperature-resistant alloys and special stainless steels; large amounts of niobium have been used in the U.S. space program.
		The name niobium was officially adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1949; the name columbium (symbol Cb) was used for the element in some countries prior to that and continued to be used by many metallurgists and commercial producers of the metal.
		Niobium is widely distributed in nature; it is about one and a half times as abundant as lead.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ni/niobium.html (271 words)

	Niobium carbide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Niobium carbide (NbC and Nb C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools.
		A layer of niobium carbide can be created by chemical vapor deposition.
		Zirconium carbide and niobium carbide can be used as refractory coatings in nuclear reactors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Niobium_carbide (118 words)

	Niobium (Nb) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Niobium alloys are used in surgical implants because they do not react with human tissue.
		Niobium was mined chifely as columbite, and is formerly known as colombium (Cb).
		Niobium and its compounds may be toxic (niobium dust causes eye and skin irritation), but there are no reports of human being poisoned by it.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Nb-en.htm (417 words)

	REMBAR Niobium Technical Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Niobium, discovered in 1801 by C. Hatchett, an English Chemist, is a metal that is closely related to tantalum.
		However, niobium is totally resistant to such highly corrosive media as wet or dry chlorine, bromine, saturated brines, ferric chloride, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide as well as nitric and chromic acids.
		Niobium may be screw-cut using a standard die- cutting head provided that an ample amount of lubricant is used.
	www.rembar.com /niobium.htm (1832 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - NIOBIUM
		As a science journalist, I'd heard of superconducting alloys of niobium, of sophisticated porous materials made from niobium oxide, and of the interesting chemistry of some niobium complexes.
		The rainbow of colors is generated by thin films of niobium oxide, with the thickness of the oxide layer governing the color perceived.
		She dips a paintbrush to which a wire is attached into the electrolyte, sets her apparatus to the voltage corresponding to the color she wants, and "paints" on the surface of the jewelry with the paintbrush electrode.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/niobium.html (853 words)

	~~ What is Niobium ~ Columbium ? ~~ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Niobium, a rarely used metal, is relatively new to the family of metals used by artists.
		There was a considerable amount of confusion about the difference between the closely-related niobium and tantalum that wasn't resolved until 1846 by Heinrich Rose and Charles Marignac who rediscovered the element.
		Niobium are used in, cobalt and iron -base superalloys for such applications as jet engine components, rocket subassemblies, and heat-resisting and combustion equipment.
	www.sozra.com /niobium.html (634 words)

	niobium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The name niobium was adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in 1950 after 100 years of controversy.
		Large deposits of niobium have been found associated with carbonatites (carbon-silicate rocks), as a constituent of pyrochlore.
		Thousands of pounds of niobium have been used in advance air frame systems such as were used in the Gemini space program.
	www.speclab.com /elements/niobium.htm (327 words)

	41 Niobium
		The researches of the Swedish chemist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864, and others, especially of the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1817-1894) in 1866, proved the identity of Columbium, Dianium and Niobium, and that Ilmenium was a mixture of Columbium and Tantalum.
		The difference between Tantalum and Niobium was unequivocally made by Sainte-Claire Deville and Louis J. Troost (1825-1911), who determined the formulas of some of its compounds.
		To end this confusion, at the 15th Conference of the Union of Chemistry in Amsterdam in 1949 the name Niobium was chosen for element #41 and a year later this name was accepted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, despite the chronological precedence of the name Columbium.
	www.vanderkrogt.net /elements/elem/nb.html (801 words)

1" rowspan="1"> 41 1" rowspan="1"> Nb 1" rowspan="1"> Niobium 1" rowspan="1"> 92.9064 1" rowspan="1"> 2â·â8â·â18 12â·â1

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for niobium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		niobium NIOBIUM [niobium], metallic chemical element; symbol Nb; at.
		Periodic Table of the Elements: Niobium PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS: NIOBIUM [Periodic Table of the Elements: Niobium] Periodic Table of the Elements: Niobium
		Nb NB [Nb] symbol for the element niobium.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/09275.html (482 words)

	Lapidary Journal: Neon Rainbows - Niobium Jewelry - September 2001
		“I thought [niobium] would be perfect for that shimmer.” Using an electrified paintbrush, she applied patterns resembling those found on the sea creatures onto a piece of niobium she had chased and repoussed.
		Niobium is part of the same family of reactive metals that includes titanium and tungsten.
		Niobium’s color is determined by the thickness of the oxide layer, with thicker layers deposited by higher voltages.
	www.lapidaryjournal.com /feature/sep01_niobium.cfm (2404 words)

	The Element Niobium
		A silvery, soft, ductile metallic element that occurs chiefly in columbite-tantalite and is used in steel alloys, arc welding, and superconductivity research.
		Niobium was discovered by Charles Hatchet in 1801 in the columbite ore that was sent to England in the 1750s by John Winthrop, the first governor of Connecticut.
		Check out Niobium on the Periodic Table which arranges each chemical element according to its atomic number, as based on the periodic law, so that chemical elements with similar properties are in the same column.
	www.periodic-table.org.uk /element-niobium.htm (339 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : niobium : key information
		Small and large samples of niobium wire like this, as well as foil, sheet, insulated wire and tube, can be purchased from Advent Research Materials via their web catalogue.
		Niobium is a shiny, white, soft, and ductile metal, and takes on a bluish tinge when exposed to air at room temperatures for a long time.
		Niobium can be extracted from the ores by first fusing the ore with alkali, and then extracting the resultant mixture into hydrofluoric acid, HF.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Nb/key.html (321 words)

	Niobium - Roskill Metals and Minerals Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The principal non-steel use of niobium is in the manufacture of superalloys, used in applications that demand resistance to high temperatures and corrosion, such as turbines for aircraft and land-based power generation.
		An emerging market for niobium, and one that could come to rival superalloys as an application, is in capacitors used in mobile telephones and most other types of electronic equipment.
		Several capacitor manufacturers have launched niobium capacitors since the start of this decade and they are likely to take market share from tantalum types in years to come.
	www.roskill.com /reports/niobium/contents (680 words)

	www.myspace.com/niobium
		Niobium is the result of interdimensional efforts to bring capable beings to the forefront of creative society.
		The Dragon and the Crow (Niobium forefathers) came together in late 2003 at the beginning of Earth's next shift in consciousness and the Golden Age.
		Not long after Niobium decided to be more than just guitar, didjeridoo, and hand drums, the Monkey swung in from the trees to join in the tribe.
	www.myspace.com /niobium (1219 words)

	symmetry - September 2005 - Niobium
		When cooled down to superconducting temperatures, pure niobium rf cavities lose their resistance, sustaining microwave energy for long periods of time.
		The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC) officially adopted the name niobium in 1950 but the name colombium is still used at times, especially by US commercial producers of the metal.
		Liquid niobium drops into a crucible, a vacuum-sealed copper container, that cools the niobium into pure ingots.
	www.symmetrymag.org /cms/?pid=1000173 (918 words)

	Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center : introduction
		Over 80 members from 20 different countries involved with all aspects of the tantalum and niobium industry
		Organize a general assembly of the membership in October each year for business and technical presentations.
		Collect from the members which manufacture capacitors statistics on their receipts of tantalum powder and wire, on a quarterly basis — report consolidated data to the capacitor manufacturers quarterly, and the rest of the membership on a semi-annual basis
	www.tanb.org (261 words)

	Spiderchain - Niobium Jump Rings
		You can buy fewer than 250 niobium rings at a time, but I charge a 20% recounting fee.
		I try to offer consistent colors, but if you need a bunch of niobium rings for a large project please order them all at once.
		I've posted a few pictures of what weaves work well with the niobium rings.
	www.spiderchain.com /rings_by_count/niobium.thtml (272 words)

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