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Topic: Nipkow disk

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	Nipkow disk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Nipkow disk is a mechanical, geometrically operating image scanning device (by itself, it performs neither image acquisition or reproduction), invented by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, which was primarily used as a fundamental component in mechanical television.
		Another serious disadvantage when reproducing images with the aid of a Nipkow disk, is that the images are typically very small, as small as the surface used for scanning, and which on the practical implementations of mechanical television was the size of a postage-stamp, for a 30 to 50 cm diameter disk.
		In fact, the Nipkow disks used in early TV were roughly 30 cm to 50 cm in diameter, with 30 to 50 "holes".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nipkow_disk (792 words)

	Paul Gottlieb Nipkow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (born 22 August 1860 in Lauenburg in Pomerania, died 24 August 1940 in Berlin) was a German technician and inventor.
		It should be noted here that Alexander Bain had transmitted images telegraphically in the 1840s but the Nipkow disk improved on the encoding process.
		Nipkow recounted his first sight of television at a Berlin radio show in 1928: "the televisions stood in dark cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paul_Nipkow (487 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Confocal Microscope Scanning Systems
		The holes in the disk are arranged so that a large number of beams uniformly scan the image field as the disk rotates, completely covering the specimen at a much higher rate than that of single-beam scanners.
		Monoscanning variations of the disk scanner eliminate many of the alignment difficulties, although somewhat elaborate measures are required to reduce reflections from the disk that otherwise limit the detectable signal.
		Newer disk scanning microscope designs incorporate a second disk containing thousands of microlenses, which spins in alignment with the Nipkow disk, and amplifies the light passing in both directions through the Nipkow disk apertures.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /theory/confocalscanningsystems.html (3762 words)

	Confocal microscope - Patent 5162941
		The basic idea behind the Nipkow disk is instead of using a single pin hole 16 in plate 14 and moving sample 22, a large number of pin holes are placed in plate 14 thereby providing a means of scanning specimen illumination point D while maintaining specimen 22 stationary.
		In a prototype of the present invention, the Nipkow disk was constructed by first constructing the zone plate disk according to the previous detailed procedure and then placing the zone plate disk in its position in a confocal microscope.
		For example, the computer generation of the patterns and the photographic reductions used to construct the zone plate and Nipkow disk of the present invention were primarily chosen for convenience in constructing a prototype of the present invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5162941.html (4082 words)

	Microlens-enhanced Nipkow Disk Technology
		The term Nipkow disk refers to a type of scanning disk with multiple, symmetrically placed spirals of pinhole apertures through which illumination light is passed and split into multiple 'minibeams'.
		Transmission efficiency is increased from 1% to nearly 70% percent of the light falling on the disks, allowing the sample to be illuminated with a sufficient quantity of light.
		Microlenses in the upper disk, aligned exactly with the pinhole apertures of the lower disk, focus collimated light from the laser on corresponding pinholes in the lower disk.
	las.perkinelmer.com /Content/livecellimaging/nipkow.asp (311 words)

	Television - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		In front of a brightly lit picture, he placed a scanning disk (called a Nipkow disk) with a spiral pattern of holes punched in it.
		Nipkow's mechanical scanner was used from 1923 to 1925 in experimental television systems developed in the United States by the inventor Charles F. Jenkins, and in England by the inventor John L. Baird.
		The receiver also used a Nipkow disk placed in front of a lamp whose brightness was controlled by the signal from the light-sensitive tube behind the disk in the transmitter.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559903___41/Television.html (2438 words)

	IEEEVM: The Nipkow Scanning Disk
		Nipkow broke up an image into tiny bits by using a rotating "scanning disk." The disk had a spiral of holes bored into it.
		Behind the disk were selenium photocells, which reacted to the light passing through the disk.
		The flow of electricity from the transmitter varied the brightness of a light bulb, the light of which was projected through another rotating Nipkow disk onto a screen.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/tech.php?id=2345789&lid=1 (258 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: The 'Nipkow Disk' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Nipkow disk was a device which its inventor, Paul Nipkow, thought could be used to transmit pictures by wire.
		He punched holes in a spiral pattern along these "Nipkow disks," one of which was housed in a transmitter and the other in a receiver.
		Nipkow's development led to the first public demonstration of television in 1926.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/NIPKOW_DISK.html (267 words)

	Das konfokale Mikroskop - Foundations of confocal microscopy
		Since the ratio of the area of the holes to the area of the disk is usually only about 1-2 percent, only a small fraction of the illumination reaches the sample, and a similar small fraction of the light reflected from the sample passes the disk and reaches the detector.
		The tandem scanning Nipkow disk based confocal microscope is a poor choice for weakly reflecting specimens such as living cells, tissues, and organs.
		A quarter wave plate is placed between the Nipkow disk and the microscope objective, and an analyzer is placed between the Nipkow disk and the detector.
	www.praxisklinik-rothenbaum.de /auge/confo/confo02.html (3949 words)

	Build a disk
		The point being that the Nipkow disk was produced in many varieties, but by far, the original design was the most common.
		I have disks and parts available for you at prices that are actually lower than their cost in the depression years, considering inflation since those times.
		As you move the marker around the disk, the cord wraps onto the peg, pulling the marker inward the proper amount as it goes.
	www.televisionexperimenters.com /yourdisk.html (847 words)

	TECHNOLOGY CORNER
		On the opposite side of the disk from the subject, selenium photocells were used as transducers to convert the light that passed through the disk holes into modulated electrical signals.
		The spinning Nipkow disk generated circular scan lines; the image scanned by it was viewed within a relatively small angular sector of the disk called the viewport.
		The resolution afforded by a Nipkow disk depended on the number of holes it contained-the larger the number of holes, the greater the resolution.
	www.tvtechnology.com /features/Tech-Corner/f_HDTB_From_1925_to.shtml (1137 words)

	Paul Gottlieb Nipkow Biography / Biography of Paul Gottlieb Nipkow History of Invention Biography
		Nipkow, now considered the forefather of the television age, received little recognition for his contribution during his lifetime.
		Nipkow was born on August 22, 1860, in Lauenberg, Germany.
		Nipkow's television was based upon an ingenious device called a Nipkow disk, which was a metal or cardboard disk that was perforated with twenty square holes arranged in a spiral so that each hole was a little closer to the center than the last.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-paul-gottlieb-nipkow-woi (551 words)

	Nipkow disk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Confocal scanning method of the QLC100 is based on the Nipkow disk scanner (Paul Nipkow 1884); an optical scanner using a rotating disk with pinholes to produce an image.
		While a Nipkow scanner is good at fast scanning, it's optical efficiency is too low to capture dark fluorescent images.By placing a microlens array in front of the Nipkow disk the optical efficiency is improved by a couple of orders of magnitude.
		The disks are rotated together at 1800 rpm so that the light beams raster-scan the specimen.
	www.mcbaininstruments.com /yoko3.htm (294 words)

	Scanning confocal microscope - Patent 5760950
		The optical system for forming an image of a subject illuminated by light from an illumination system includes a Nipkow disk that is perpendicular to a light propagation path and that has a surface upon which a plurality of pinholes are distributed substantially symmetrically about an axis perpendicular to the surface of the disk.
		The disk 210 is spun about the axis at a suitable speed, generally between about 1000 and 6000 revolutions per minute, by any of a wide variety of motors, such as a magnetic induction type of motor.
		For example, a disk having a pattern of slits may be more useful than a disk having round holes for viewing features of the tear film and of the cells at the surface of the cornea.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5760950.html (8596 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions
		It was not until 1968 that Nipkow disk technology was integrated with a microscope by Petran and co-workers in Prague and New Haven.
		The upper disk containing microlenses is mechanically connected to the lower disk containing pinholes, and both are rotated, thus raster-scanning the sample.
		The disk is designed to scan 12 frames in one rotation, and as it rotates at 1800 rpm, the disk generates images at 360 frames per second (observable at the eyepiece of the scanner) which it sends to the camera.
	las.perkinelmer.com /content/livecellimaging/faq.asp (2337 words)

	Luebke Lands - Tesla coils and various experiments
		One basic part of such a TV set, or scanning disk set as it was called in the 1930s was the scanning disk (to point out the obvious), which is known as Nipkow disk.
		A Nipkow disk is a metal or cardboard disk typically ranging from 10 to 20 inches in diameter with a spiral of small, precisely located holes around its circumfence.
		By turning the disk at a constant speed the holes scan every point of the image while the varying light creates dots of light and dark areas of the picture.
	www.luebke-lands.de /mechtv1.html (994 words)

	Documentation: 32 line Televisor with Nipkow Scanning Disk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The scanning disk divided the picture into lines which were scanned from the top to the bottom of the frame.
		The ball bearing which hold the disk was fixed with two corner tins on a wooden plate.
		The automatic speed control circuit is feed with the sync pulses from the video board and a pulse which is generated in an optical fork, which registrates the exact position of the Nipkow disk.
	bs.cyty.com /menschen/e-etzold/archiv/TV/mechanical/scanningdisc.htm (1573 words)

	SVI-wiki: Nipkow Disk Microscope
		A Nipkow spinning disk microscope is one type of Fluorescence Microscope.
		A Nipkow disk is simply a spinning disk with a series of equally distanced circular holes of equal diameter drilled in it.
		A Yokogawa Disk is a Nipkow disk with an array of microlenses in the holes.
	support.svi.nl /wiki/NipkowDiskMicroscope (177 words)

	TV History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He cut the cardboard Nipkow Disk out of a hatbox and mounted the motor driving the disk on a tea chest.
		The projection lamp resided in a biscuit tin and the proper focusing of light was achieved by bicycle lamp lenses.
		A photoelectric cell placed behind the Nipkow Disk generated a current that quickly varied in intensity with light from the object scanned.
	www.menuchalevy.com /pages/tv/history.html (553 words)

	Erfindergalerie des DPMA: 120 Jahre Fernsehen
		The signals of the points, created at the transmitter, were sent to the receiver, reconstituting the pictures of the original scene, by a second spinning disk, punctured with a spiral of holes and synchronised with the first disk.
		The signals were generated at the transmitter by a photo-sensitive cell, positioned behind the first Nipkow disk, which controlled the brightness of a light source at the receiver.
		As the rotating Nipkow disks had to be synchronised it was very difficult to translate Paul Nipkow’s idea into practice, particularly at the receiver end.
	www.dpma.de /infos/galerie/erfindergalerie/e_fernsehen.html (2191 words)

	Nipkow disk
		See also the Dictionary definition of Nipkow, disk
		de:Nipkow-Scheibe nl:Nipkowschijf A Nipkow disk is a mechanical, geometrically operating image scanning device (by itself, it performs neither image acquisition or reproduction), invented by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, which was primarily used as a fundamental component in mechanical television.
		Another serious disadvantage when reproducing images with the aid of a Nipkow disk, is that the images are typically very small, as small as the surface used for scanning, and which on the practical implementations of mechanical television was the size of a postage-stamp, for a 30 to 50 cm sized disk.
	207.150.180.135 /Nipkow_disk (689 words)

	Looking at 'Nipkow Disk System'.
		In order to continue searching for the term nipkow disk system, visiting Connected Earth's website is recommended.
		The presentation is a uniquely multi-media one, where you can switch between comprehensive narratives, more thorough research, 3D pictures of artefacts, written or spoken stories from people who - in the past - worked in the telecommunications industry, short film sequences, and interactive explanations or simple animations of the way that things work.
		Connected Earth is a good website to carry out your investigation of the term nipkow disk system.
	www.connected-earth.com /content/nipkow_disk_system.html (285 words)

	How I drew the Nipkow Disk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This allowed me to trim the shape and size, save it as a GIF for the website, and add the fl rim.
		The fl rim ensures a fl background for images seen on the disk, without stray light coming through the paper.
		I attempted to ensure accurate printing by making the size of the picture of the disk about the same in pixels as the number of print dots produced by the printer at 300 dpi resolution.
	www.sptv.demon.co.uk /nbtv/excel.htm (138 words)

	Build a Working Baird Televisor !
		Nipkow Disk for a 32 line Baird Televisor.
		Attach the Nipkow Disk where the fan blades were.
		The holes in the disk should be of the right size.
	www.sptv.demon.co.uk /nbtv (890 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Nipkow disk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Nipkow disk; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Nipkow_disk (918 words)

	The Nipkow disk
		This document describe how first experiments were made by Paul Nipkow (1884) to make a tele-vision system.
		No practical tests were made yet, but if anybody is interested, and has made some experiment, please contact me. I'm very interested by the subject.
		The Nipkow disk is a disk with holes in it, placed in spiral.
	users.swing.be /philippe.jadin/nipkowdisk.htm (255 words)

	Nipkow disk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If a light powered by a signal from the sensor is placed behind a second Nipkow disk rotating in synch at the same speed and direction, the image can be reproduced line-by-line, however it remains no larger than the one projected onto the original recieving disk.
		it uses material from the wikipedia article "Nipkow disk"
		Lopez Obrador victory would alter relations with States - San Francisco Chronicle
	www.33beat.com /Nipkow_disk.html (1180 words)

	Paul Nipkow History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		German engineer and inventor who developed a mechanical scanning device (the Nipkow disk) used in early televisions.
		The Nipkow disk consisted of a spinning metal disk with a spiral pattern of holes drilled in it.
		Invented in 1884, it was used in televisions until 1932, then replaced by electronic scanning devices.
	www.bookrags.com /history/sciencehistory/paul-nipkow-scit-05123456 (77 words)

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