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Topic: Nisei Japanese

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	Nisei Japanese American - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In American history, Nisei means specifically Japanese Americans who lived on the West Coast, but not on Hawaii and not on the East Coast, who were interned during WW2 because the government feared that they would support Japan in the war.
		Americans of Japanese ancestry living in the western United States, including the Nisei were, forcibly interned with their parents (the Issei Japanese Americans) and children (the Sansei Japanese Americans) during WWII.
		The topic of Nisei (and not Japanese Americans per se) is part of the mandated high school history curriculum of many states, including New York State, New Jersey, and California.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nisei_Japanese_American (481 words)

	Encyclopedia: Japanese American
		Japanese Americans are a group of people who trace their ancestry to Japan or Okinawa and are residents and/or citizens of the United States.
		Japanese Americans also have the oldest demographic structure of any ethnic group in the U.S.; in addition, in the younger generations, due to intermarriage with whites and other Asians, part-Japanese are more common than full Japanese, and it appears as if this physical assimilation will continue at a rapid rate.
		Main article: Japanese American internment Jump to: navigation, search The Japanese American internment refers to the forcible relocation of approximately 112,000 to 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans, 62 percent of whom were United States citizens, from the west coast of the United States during World War II to hastily constructed housing facilities called...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Japanese-American (4570 words)

	Manzanar NHS: Historic Resource Study/Special History Study (Chapter 9)
		By 1931 the Japanese controlled 30-40 percent of the total amount of fish landed in Los Angeles Harbor, including 70 percent of the albacore, 60-70 percent of the bonita, 75 percent of the mackerel, 35-40 percent of the sardines, and 30-35 percent of the tuna.
		The Los Angeles County Japanese population contained almost a third of all Japanese and Japanese Americans in the United States, and it was by far the largest prewar Japanese population center in the nation.
		Most Japanese were employed in family farming enterprises Unpaid Japanese family farm laborers constituted 64.3 percent of all males and 78.1 percent of all females in the unpaid farm labor categories in the county.
	www.nps.gov /manz/hrs/hrs9b.htm (7049 words)

	Japanese in Hawai'i. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The legends of these ancient folk, in chant and song, may have begun at a time when Japanese fishermen were washed ashore in these islands after having been driven from their homeland by typhoons.
		After World War 11 the Japanese-American Nisei were committed to provide for themselves and their families a secure, equal place in the island society.
		But the Japanese American drama has not been totally played out The Sansei and Yonsei, the third and fourth generations, are beginning their own chapter of the Japanese-American story.
	www.hawaiiguide.com /japan.htm (833 words)

	THE NISEI INTELLIGENCE WAR AGAINST JAPAN
		Nisei linguists were assigned to and served with the United States Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, as well as with British, Australian, New Zealand, Canadian, Chinese, and Indian combat units fighting on all fronts against the Japanese.
		Nisei language teams were assigned to and participated in the two-year campaign of jungle warfare along the east and northern coast of New Guinea and Borneo, invading and defeating Japanese defenses along the way.
		Nisei participated in the amphibious landings and land battles of the Marine Corps to capture Tarawa, Makin, Kwajalein and Eniwetok and were part of Marine and Army attacking units invading and capturing Saipan, Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
	akaka.senate.gov /~akaka/speeches/2004B22A00.html (1805 words)

	Nisei Japanese American -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The initial training facility for the Nisei to prepare for their function was at Camp Savage in (Click link for more info and facts about Savage, MN) Savage, MN.
		This information led to Allied victories at "The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot," in which the Japanese lost most of their carrier planes, and the Battle of Leyte Gulf in the (A republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946) Philippines.
		An MIS (A communication system based on broadcasting electromagnetic waves) radio operator intercepted a message describing Admiral (Japanese admiral who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 (1884-1943)) Isoroku Yamamoto's flight plans, which led to P-38s downing his plane over the Solomon Islands.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ni/nisei_japanese_american.htm (483 words)

	ipedia.com: Japanese people Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Japanese people are those who typically speak the Japanese language, were born in Japan, and live their entire lives in Japan with Japanese citizenship and namess.
		The Japanese people (日本人, nihon'-jin or nippon-jin) are those who typically speak the Japanese language, were born in Japan, and live their entire lives in Japan with Japanese citizenship and namess.
		Ethnologists have presented numerous theories: That Japanese are decended from Polynesia, from South Asia or Ancient Israel.
	www.ipedia.com /japanese_people.html (488 words)

	Nisei - Early Japanese American Baseball Players
		The elder Nakagawa was a slugger known as the "Nisei (second generation Japanese American) Babe Ruth" during his playing days in the Japanese American baseball leagues and member of the Fresno Nisei all stars.
		Forcibly removed from their homes, entire Japanese American populations, the vast majority of which were American citizens, scrambled to sell off cars, furniture and any other large possessions, taking with them money and whatever else they could carry.
		While Nisei baseball continued through the '50s, '60s and '70s, the end of World Was II forever changed the complexion of Japanese American baseball.
	www.thediamondangle.com /archive/aug01/nisei.html (1739 words)

	Wikinfo \| Japanese people
		The Japanese people (日本人, nihon'-jin or nippon-jin) are those who typically speak Japanese language, are born in Japan and live, age, and die in Japan with Japanese citizenship and name.
		The origin of the Japanese people is a still controversial topic and there are dozens of theories among ethnologists.
		Japanese have a strong sense of isolationism and social cohesion, referring to foreigners as "gai-jin" (outside person).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Nisei (409 words)

	Reading: The Question of Loyalty
		Nisei volunteers from the mainland and Hawaii and subsequent draftees comprised this unit.
		Japanese American soldiers of the 522nd Field Artillery are firing at the enemy in the battle for Leghorn, Italy in this photo.
		Nisei began receiving notices instructing them to report to their draft boards for a pre-induction physical examination required of all draftees.
	www.densho.org /learning/spice/lesson5/5reading5.asp (5202 words)

	Nisei Baseball Research Project
		A principal reason for this rediscovery is the traveling exhibition Diamonds in the Rough, which tells the story of Japanese Americans in baseball through words, images, and memorabilia.
		Their story, and the story of their ancestors and descendants, is a tale of a great journey, full of hard-won victories, devastating setbacks, and new triumphs.
		The leather skin would symbolize the physical and mental toughness developed by the Issei and Nisei who endured the travails of settlement in a new land and the eviction and internment of World War II.
	www.niseibaseball.com (569 words)

	Japanese American Archival Collection-Template
		Japanese American farming ingenuity and hard work allowed them to produce the maximum yield from their land.
		A small number of Issei and Nisei continued to support their families by farming, but many more of the Nisei generation sought white collar jobs as the hostility and discrimination aimed at Japanese Americans began to lessen.
		Japanese American Nisei eligible to serve in the military were classified 4C (enemy alien) and interned with their families.
	library.csus.edu /collections/jaac/imagelibrary.html (1159 words)

	Relocation Timeline
		Japanese submarine I-21 sinks US tanker four miles south of Piedras Blancas light, California, I-21 machine-guns the lifeboats, but inflicts no casualties.
		Japanese given 48 hour deadline to settle affairs and leave.
		Nisei who were not Kibei are allowed to resettle in midlands or east
	www.ww2pacific.com /relocatime.html (966 words)

	A Psychosocial Analysis of Japanese-American Internment
		Although persons of Japanese parentage owned less than two percent of all farms in California, by 1941, en masse they produced ninety percent of strawberries, seventy-three percent of snap beans, seventy-five percent of celery and fifty percent of tomatoes.
		Charles Kikuchi's diary is a superb embodiment of the bisection between Issei and Nisei.
		Issei and Nisei were barred from ever being considered true American citizens simply because of their unique countenance.
	www.geocities.com /internment_info/Psychosocial/psychosocial.html (3476 words)

	Pennsylvania Gazette J/F: Admission Denied (1/2)
		Nisei students already enrolled would be allowed to finish their degrees, but not to continue their education in other parts of the University, such as graduate and professional schools; these would constitute new admissions.
		Mitsu Yamamoto CW’43, a biracial Nisei whose Japanese father was employed by Penn’s linguistics department during the war, was permitted to enroll in the graduate school after receiving her BA.
		In addition, the policy reflected an indifference to the equal rights of American citizens that was informed by prejudice and racial animosity, as is indicated by the numerous references to the Nisei as "Japanese" and "foreign students" in administration correspondence during 1942 and 1943.
	www.upenn.edu /gazette/0100/robinson.html (1610 words)

	NJAHS Publications
		Nisei Voices celebrates the lives of the first Japanese American valedictorians of public schools in the 1930s.
		Japanese Amerian recipes and reminiscences about food, eating and celebrations from the pre-war to the present.
		A Japanese American boy learns to play baseball when he and his family are forced to live in an internment camp.
	www.njahs.org /pub.html (859 words)

	Amazon.com: Nisei Daughter: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Nisei Daughter describes the loss of property and the personal insults, the barbed wire and armed guards, the dust storms, horrible food, unfinished barracks, and barren land - and the efforts of the Japanese-Americans to maintain their ethics, family life, and belief in the United States.
		Part of Nisei Daughter's charm is the way Sone is able to weave entertaining anecdotes throughout her tale, a story which is essentially about what being Japanese American in the time around wartime America meant to her.
		Nisei Daughter is a one woman's account of what it was like for her to grow up in Seattle being a second-generation Japanese girl.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0295956887?v=glance (2071 words)

	Anthropology Review Database
		The JACL believed that the Japanese community should comply with the internment process and fight for the United States.
		Section one lays a foundation for the reader providing a sense of rapport with the families of the Nisei who are central to the internment struggles.
		Section two, The Nisei Dream, follows the careers of the Nisei as they access resources which were unavailable to their parents such as citizenship, full rights and an American education.
	wings.buffalo.edu /ARD/showme.cgi?keycode=2270 (507 words)

	Japanese Internment in World War II
		Roosevelt's executive order was fueled by anti-Japanese sentiment among farmers who competed against Japanese labor, politicians who sided with anti-Japanese constituencies, and the general public, whose frenzy was heightened by the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor.
		More than 2/3 of the Japanese who were interned in the spring of 1942 were citizens of the United States.
		According to a 1943 report published by the War Relocation Authority (the administering agency), Japanese Americans were housed in "tarpaper-covered barracks of simple frame construction without plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind." Coal was hard to come by, and internees slept under as many blankets as they were alloted.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/internment1.html (740 words)

	Go for Broke!
		He was particularly astounded to hear that the Japanese(!) had taken the fort at the base of Monte Cassino known as Rocca Janula.
		The Nisei were born in the United States and were considered American citizens, even though many of their parents were not.
		Nisei units may use Banzai attacks in the same manner as Japanese units (rule 45.4), but do not get the Japanese Movement bonus (rule 45.11).
	www.relativerange.com /rrnl/rr03/go4broke.htm (958 words)

	Nisei Week Japanese Festival \| Los Angeles \| press release
		As the president and owner of her family's business, Mikawaya Confectionary, Frances Hashimoto has taken mochi, or Japanese sweet rice cakes, to a new level of national recognition as the originator of mochi ice cream.
		She was the general chair of the Nisei Week Japanese Festival in 1982 and 1990 and currently serves on the executive committee of the Nisei Week Foundation.
		For calendar of events and volunteer information on the 65th Nisei Week Festival, please log onto www.NiseiWeek.org or call the Nisei Week Festival office at 213/687-7193 or fax at 213/687-6510.
	www.niseiweek.org /press_parade05.html (1027 words)

	Gil Asakawa's Nikkei View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Among those memories are the Japanese songs I heard as a child in Tokyo, and of course the Japanese traditional songs and pop hits of the day.
		Not all the musicians could read or speak Japanese, but their audiences were mainly Japanese-speaking Issei (first generation) immigrants who had settled in Hawai'I after the traumas of World War II.
		He explains the immigration of Japanese to Hawai'i starting in 1868, and gives an overview of the JA community experience during the early 20th century leading up to the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
	nikkeiview.com /archives00/112600.htm (1233 words)

	TRANSCRIPT OF THE ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW OF
		In 1943, the government instituted a program in which Nisei in the relocation camps could come out and if they were accepted at a college or a university; a countrywide program.
		But, the Occupation was a benign one, the Japanese people were quite accepting of the Occupation, so the people I dealt with in ordinary life either just running into them in the streets or traveling, it was a very simple relationship.
		But, then, the Japanese returnees who possessed a great deal of information, after being interrogated at the ports of entry, at Sasebo, or Maizuru, or wherever they came in, were sent up to Tokyo for further interrogation.
	www.javadc.org /Oralhistory/falks.htm (5457 words)

	Most Honorable Son-The Film
		As a lone Nisei in the Army Air Corps, Kuroki flew over the oil fields of Ploesti, Rumania, where one thousand men were lost.
		In a surreal tour of the camps, small cities behind barbed wire, Kuroki was hailed as a hero by some and despised by others who rejected the government that had stripped them of their civil rights.
		Army Air Forces, Nisei internees that met him during his visit to the camps and a Nebraska congressman who helped Kuroki in his quest to fly on B-29s.
	www.lustron.org /kuroki1.htm (449 words)

	Manzanar Portraits 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Almost a third of the prisoners were Japanese citizens, resident aliens by definition of the U.S. immigration law.
		All of this group had lived in the United States at least eighteen years, since American borders were closed to Japanese immigrants in 1924.
		The right to become an American citizen was not allowed to the Japanese until 1952, when quotas were introduced.
	www.owensvalleyhistory.com /manzanar1/page10.html (396 words)

	Richard Watanabe - So What is a BuddhaHead?
		He states that the term "Kotonk" refers to Mainland Nisei and suggest the sound of "an empty barrel falling to the ground" and "expresses the disdain in which the hard-fighting Islanders held the more restrained and polished Mainland Japanese".
		The Japanese word "buta" means pig, and "buddhahead" may be a corruption of "buta head", but it was generally thought that the term had been imported from Hawaii where it was applied to Japanese Buddhist priests who shaved their heads and by extension, to the Japanese residents generally.....
		FLORENCE M. Now I will readily admit that my Japanese is very poor, but I have never heard the term "bobura." I checked with mother who is a native Japanese and she has never heard the term either.
	www-hsc.usc.edu /~rwatanab/buddha.htm (1206 words)

	Video Recording Log for the Stanley Falk Interview
		Involved in processing intelligence gathered from Japanese who were returning from Russia where they were prisoners of war.
		At first, Caucasians marched at the front of the company’s formation, and their strides were too long for the shorter Nisei in the back.
		The detachment administered a program, which collected monographs from Japanese on the war, the monographs were translated in ATIS, but sometimes the translations needed a lot of editing.
	www.javadc.org /Oralhistory/falks_vidlog.htm (1029 words)

	SOCIAL SCIENCE EVENT REPORT
		During World War II, nearly 6,000 Nisei linguists served the United States in the Pacific and European theaters, but the stories of these Nisei linguists are largely unknown to the public at large, as well as their own families.
		Professor Swift's presentation primarily included the memories and stories of the sixteen MIS Nisei he was able to interview, some of whom were remembering their service out loud for the first time.
		In addition to their cultural modesty, the secrecy around their work was officially required until 1972 and they all served as individuals attached to larger units, making it easy for their contributions to disappear in larger achievements.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~sjansen/event.txt (1391 words)

	Nisei Week Japanese Festival (Community Roots: Local Legacies, Library of Congress) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Nisei Week Grand Parade, Los Angeles' Little Tokyo, August 1999.
		The longest continuing Japanese cultural event in the mainland United States, this festival was started in 1934 by second-generation Japanese-Americans (Nisei) to attract business to the Little Tokyo area of Los Angeles.
		Held July 29 to August 6 this year, the volunteer-run festival is documented in a videotape, CD-ROM, photographs, historical text, and news articles.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /cocoon/legacies/ca.html (120 words)

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