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	Nisqually River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nisqually River (nuh-SKWAH-lee) is a river in west central Washington in the United States, approximately 81 mi (130 km) long.
		It rises in southern Mount Rainier National Park, fed by the Nisqually Glacier on the southern side of Mt. Rainer.
		It traverses the Nisqually Indian Reservation in its lower 10 mi (16 km) and enters Puget Sound approximately 15 mi (24 km) ENE of Olympia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nisqually_River (157 words)

	Nisqually River Watershed Is Model of Cooperation, Action
		Time and again, the 1987 Nisqually River Management Plan approved by the state Legislature, and the dozens of past and present Nisqually River Council members who have breathed life into it since, were singled out as shining examples of how to make watershed planning work.
		To many, the Nisqually watershed was, and is, a crown jewel, blessed with a national park at its headwaters and a national refuge 78 miles downstream where the river empties into Puget Sound.
		Perhaps the images of the lower Nisqually River watershed and an imposing Mount Rainier in the background will come in handy in the years ahead when the refuge managers ask their boss for money to turn pasture into estuaries, too.
	www.citizenreviewonline.org /feb_2003/nisqually.htm (1312 words)

	Nisqually River Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		he Nisqually River Watershed is a land of wind and wildlife, glaciers and storms, towering firs and diminutive banana slugs.
		Though the Nisqually is one of the least developed rivers in southern Puget Sound, it faces an uncertain future.
		Flowing 78 miles from its source at the Nisqually Glacier on 14,410-foot Mount Rainier to its delta at the Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge, the Nisqually is a direct link between the summit snows of Washington's highest peak and the marine waters of Puget Sound.
	www.nisquallyriver.org (253 words)

	Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge
		Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge is located where the freshwater of the Nisqually River meets the saltwater of south Puget Sound, creating the Nisqually River Delta.
		Nisqually Refuge is famous for the more than 275 migratory bird species that use the refuge for migration, wintering, or breeding.
		Nisqually River and McAllister Creek serve as spawning, rearing, or passage areas for anadromous fish.
	www.fws.gov /refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=13529 (521 words)

	Nisqually River Management Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A separate "Nisqually River Citizens Advisory Committee" was also created to assure citizen representation during implementation of the Nisqually River Management Plan.
		As implementation of the Nisqually River Management Plan progresses, certain plan elements may be addressed through acts of the participating agencies, the advisory committee, or other entities such as an optional 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
		The preparation of a Nisqually River Management Plan by the Department of Ecology was mandated by the 1985 state legislature by SHB 323.
	www.nisquallyriver.org /nrc.html (217 words)

	Boston.com / News / Nation / Court to hear case of hanged chief
		But in the official records of Washington state, the leader of the Nisqually tribe is a convicted murderer, hanged for the death of a soldier during the 1855 Indian War.
		Nisqually Indians have kept Leschi's legacy alive by telling his story to their children and grandchildren.
		The treaty consigned the Nisqually -- whose original name, Squally-absch, meant ''people of the river and people of the grass country" -- to a high forest, cut off from their homes by the Nisqually River.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/articles/2004/12/06/court_to_hear_case_of_hanged_chief (615 words)

	CWIS - The Fourth World Journal - Reinterpreting Europe through the Eyes of Catalunya - A Review by Rudolph C. Rÿser
		The Nisqually River is one of the major western Washington rivers that empties into Puget Sound It originates in the Nisqually Glacier on Mt. Rainier (thus it begins within a National Park) and flows 81 miles west and northwest to Puget Sound.
		In 1974 the Nisqually Tribe went to federal district court to ask for sufficient water to be maintained in the River for salmon habitat (instream flows).
		A 1992 article in the Northwest River News noted that in an effort to ensure that the "fisheries and recreational resources of the Nisqually River are given equal consideration" in the relicensing of the Nisqually Hydroelectric Project, several conservation and recreation organizations are intervening in the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC) evaluation of the project.
	www.cwis.org /fwj/41/jbsalmo.html (7257 words)

	CVO Menu - Mount Rainier - Kautz Glacier/Van Trump Creek Reconnaissance August 14-15, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nisqually River rises about 2 feet in stage, but is restricted to its active braid plain.
		Rumors and misinformation spread through local communities, in part from the media, and some self-evacuation occurs in the Puyallup River valley on the west side of Mount Rainier where USGS and Pierce County are cooperating to install a lahar-warning system and to pursue a program of outreach and public education.
		Van Trump Creek is the unlabeled tributary of the Nisqually River south of Kautz Glacier.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/Rainier/Lahars/KautzVanTrumpAug01/recon_aug14-15.html (1899 words)

	Nisqually Indian Tribe
		For millennia, the traditional territory of the Nisqually bands was the Nisqually River drainage.
		Nisqually culture was based on the natural environment, in particular species of salmon and the red cedar.
		Nisqually chiefs Leschi, and his brother Quiemuth, declined to ink the treaty because of its meager provisions.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1561.html (825 words)

	USGS: Pacific Sea-Floor Mapping: Open File Report: Article
		Although the Nisqually River delta is within a few kilometers of the earthquake epicenter, no failures are found in images at 1-m spatial resolution along the delta front.
		The length of the Puyallup River is unobstructed from its source on Mt. Rainier to the delta, and the delta front has advanced at an average rate of 2.5 km/ky for the past several thousand years (Dragovich, et al., 1994).
		Numerous sediment slides and craters were found on the Duwamish River delta front (Figure 3 76kb) but whether they were caused by the Nisqually earthquake is again equivocal because of the poor resolution and the age of the legacy data.
	geopubs.wr.usgs.gov /open-file/of01-266/html/article.htm (2554 words)

	Watershed Professionals Network
		As part of an effort to develop comprehensive and integrated multi-species management plans for the Nisqually River Basin, the Nisqually Indian Tribe in 1997 began an analysis of salmon and steelhead production using the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) method developed by Mobrand Biometrics, Inc. (See www.mobrand.com for more information about the EDT process).
		The McKenzie River Watershed is home to two federally listed fish species — spring Chinook salmon and bull trout — and includes a mix of ownership patterns (federal and private), a growing urban population and several dams.
		On a local scale, the river channel was straightened and riparian vegetation eliminated due to dredge mining and pasture improvement.
	www.watershednet.com /projects1.htm (1265 words)

	Shared Strategy for Puget Sound
		The river begins at the Nisqually Glacier on the southwest flank of Mt. Rainier, the largest and best-known of 13 volcanoes spanning the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington.
		Between river miles (RM) 4.5 and 12.7, the river meanders freely across the valley floor; large woody debris is present in large amounts, and there is a healthy riparian zone.
		The Nisqually Tribe acquired 410 acres of the Braget family farm, most in the lowlands and estuary of the Nisqually will result in restoration of all diked habitat on the farm.
	www.sharedsalmonstrategy.org /watersheds/watershed-nisqually.htm (854 words)

	American Whitewater - River Reach #2160 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		USGS gauge for the Mashel at the Highway 7 bridge (downstream, river left), but it is not available as a real-time site.
		The next formidable set of rapids is also the highlight of the run where the river momentarily leaves the human-dominated landscape and carves through a narrow gorge with some great class -IV ledges.
		Those without access to the key (needed for access to the lower takeout at the Nisqually confluence) will need to take out here, but those who continue will be rewarded with some really neat conglomerate walls and an old forest not often found in the Puget Sound lowlands.
	www.americanwhitewater.org /rivers/id/2160 (870 words)

	Village Descriptions--Nisqually-Olympia
		Located at the mouth of the Puyallup River in what is now the city of Tacoma, at the current intersection of 15th Street and Pacific Avenue.
		Though it was located at the river’s mouth this village did not take the river’s name--contrary to usual custom--perhaps because the Nisqually were much more oriented up-river than to the salt water.
		Village was on the flats near the river bed rather than on the adjacent high prairie land.
	coastsalishmap.org /Village_Descriptions_Nisqually-Olympia.htm (1127 words)

	USGS: Geological Survey Professional Paper 387-A (Modern History of Nisqually Glacier) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 1840 moraine of Nisqually Glacier is 10 to 20 feet high, 25 to 50 feet wide, and is composed of angular blocks.
		FIGURE 7—Nisqually Glacier is partly covered with snow at the head of Nisqually River valley near top of photograph; the 1840 moraine is indicated by a dashed line.
		Kautz Creek, which drains Kautz Glacier and a small basin tributary to Nisqually River, was the locale of a mudflow on October 2, 1947, which destroyed a large area of forest along its lower reach.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/387a/sec3b.htm (2418 words)

	OSAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Nisqually River is the only river in the U.S. with its headwaters in a national park and its confluence in a national wildlife refuge.
		The river basin is predominately rural and much of the river’s course flows through remote terrain not accessible by motorized vehicles.
		Overall, the Nisqually project has a capacity of 114 MW and avoids the emission of 257,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually.
	www.hydro.org /pubs/osr/print.asp?page=nisqually (1207 words)

	Wildernet - Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Description - The Nisqually River Delta is a biologically rich and diverse area at the southern end of Puget Sound that supports a variety of habitats including woodlands and fresh and saltwater marshes.
		Together with McAllister and Red Salmon Creeks, the Nisqually River forms one of the largest remaining undisturbed estuaries in Washington.
		Location - Nisqually NWR is located about 10 miles east of Olympia on the north side of Interstate 5.
	www.wildernet.com /pages/area.cfm?areaID=WANWRN&CU_ID=1 (482 words)

	USGS: Geological Survey Professional Paper 1547 (Flow Magnitude and Frequency) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Crandell (1971) did not describe the runout phases of lahars, but he noted that the extensive aggradation in the White and Nisqually River systems, which resulted largely from runout flows, could be ascribed to summit-cone volcanism.
		The watershed was notably less affected by lahars and lahar-runout flows than either the White River system to the north or the Nisqually River system to the west.
		The flow may have originated in more than one tributary of the Nisqually River, but a significant part of the flow was derived from the headwaters of the main stream.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/1547/sec2b.htm (4027 words)

	Interior Secretary Norton Honors Cooperative Conservation Partnership at Nisqually River Watershed
		During her visit, Norton formally recognized the Nisqually River Council and other partners for their work, which will be highlighted at the upcoming White House Conference on Cooperative Conservation August 29-31 in St. Louis, Missouri.
		The Washington State legislature created the Nisqually River Task Force in 1985 to develop a locally based management plan for an area prized for its rivers, teeming with Chinook salmon, steelhead, and other wildlife, small towns, rural lands and forested landscapes.
		This Nisqually River Watershed presentation and other case studies will highlight some of the very best examples of cooperative conservation, focusing on what can be achieved by using collaborative strategies to address conservation, natural resource and environmental issues.
	www.doi.gov /news/05_News_Releases/050826.htm (1028 words)

	WSFR Rivers Reports (Nisqually) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I went out on the river near the tank bridge for a couple of hours hoping to hook into a steelhead but what I ended up with was eight sea-run cutthroat that I released.
		A huge sea lion was in the river and was chasing the fish which probably had something to do with the fish not biting.
		I have a friend who went down to the Nisqually in the morning and they got skunked saw a lot of fish but the indiands were netting.
	www.nwfishing.com - !http: //wvba.org/nwfishing/sections/rivers/nisqually.html (2110 words)

	Trout Fishing Help nisqually river trout fishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When you are on the lookout for excellent advice about nisqually river trout fishing, you'll find it difficult unscrambling quality advice from reckless nisqually river trout fishing suggestions and support so it is wise to recognize how to judge the advice that is offered.
		A great tip to follow when you're presented with help and advice regarding a nisqually river trout fishing page is to research who is behind the website.
		This may show you who owns the site nisqually river trout fishing authority The fastest way to determine who owns the nisqually river trout fishing web site is to find the sites 'about' page.
	www.trout-fishing-help.info /nisqually-river-trout-fishing.htm (242 words)

	NewEnvironmentalism.org - Environmental Innovations Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Washington's Nisqually River Watershed is the site of one of the most successful new watershed-management programs.
		They established the Nisqually River Task Force, which recommended formation of a Nisqually River Council, comprised of federal and state agencies, county governments, tribal government, and local municipalities.
		The emphasis on local sources of information and coordination between state and private efforts has been essential in these programs, because the environmental and natural resource conditions of the area are unique to the Nisqually River watershed, and thus require their own set of unique management techniques.
	www.newenvironmentalism.org /program_info.cfm?ID=29 (462 words)

	Nisqually River, Washington, white water, La Grande Reservoir to Mashel River
		The La Grande Reservoir to Mashel River section of Nisqually River in Washington is 1.9 miles long and is a class V stretch of white water according to the American Whitewater Assosciation.
		This stretch of Nisqually River, Washington has an average gradient of 153 fpm.
		Nisqually River, La Grande Reservoir to Mashel River is a whitewater stretch that is difficult to paddle, this section is recommended for experienced paddlers only, beginners should probably stay away from this stretch.
	www.riverfacts.com /rivers/13772.html (1005 words)

	Nisqually Plaza RV Park, Washington camping
		Nisqually River, Washington, McKenna to Yelm Hydro Plant, 17 miles away, class III, 7 miles long.
		Nisqually River, Washington, Mashel River to Mckenna, 25 miles away, class II, 14 miles long.
		Nisqually River, Washington, La Grande Reservoir to Mashel River, 34 miles away, class V, 1.9 miles long.
	www.hikercentral.com /campgrounds/112914.html (801 words)

	"The Effects of Volcanic Debris Flows (Lahars), Earthquakes and Landslides on Holocene Deltas at Puget Sound, ...
		The Nisqually River delta is in a relatively natural condition with almost 10 km2 of subaerial and intertidal wetlands preserved in a wildlife refuge.
		A submarine terrace at a depth of -64 m may represent an older delta that formed when sea level was lower in the early Holocene.
		Evidence for earthquake-induced subsidence on the east side of Nisqually River delta.
	walrus.wr.usgs.gov /geotech/pugetposter/nisqually.html (242 words)

	Nisqually River
		The Nisqually River is the primary drainage from Mt. Ranier.
		When the freshwater of the river meets the saltwater of the Puget Sound the rich biodiversity of the Nisqually Delta arises.
		This is the view of the river delta and Puget Sound in the distance when you reach the northeast corner of the refuge trail.
	www.birdingamerica.com /Washington/nisquallyriver.htm (254 words)

	American Whitewater - River Reach #3117
		This was one of several rivers around the country that was opened to paddling through the efforts of many dedicated local volunteers.
		Those who have seen the river bed without water have reported an exceptionally high occurence of undercut rocks, siphons, and caves--consequences of a swim can be severe.
		Once on the water, the river starts with an enjoyable class III rapid called Hang Nail and just as the river disappears around the corner from the dam, it drops through a rapid imaginatively named Play Hole.
	www.americanwhitewater.org /rivers/id/3117 (1740 words)

	CVO Website - Mount Rainier Glaciers and Glaciations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the Little Ice Age, the Nisqually Glacier advanced to a position 650 feet to 800 feet downvalley from the site of the Glacier Bridge, Tahoma and South Tahoma Glaciers merged at the base of Glacier Island, and the terminus of Emmons Glacier reached within 1.2 miles of the White River Campground.
		NISQUALLY RIVER--Debris flows triggered by outburst floods from Nisqually Glacier damaged or destroyed bridges over the Nisqually River in 1926, 1932, 1934, and 1955.
		Stevens Creek flows from the glacier to the Muddy Fork of the Cowlitz River on the southern boundary of the park.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/Rainier/Glaciers/description_rainier_glaciers.html (5630 words)

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