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Topic: Nitrate Vulnerable Zone

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English Nature

	Agriculture Practices and Nitrate Pollution of Water
		Nitrate leaching may be greater when a fertilizer contains the nitrate compared to the situations where ammoniacal nitrogen is the major component of a fertilizer.
		Nitrate losses are likely to be more when all the nitrogen is applied in one application compared to when nitrogen is applied in split applications.
		Less nitrates are lost from an active feedlot because additions of - fresh manure through animal excretions maintain a reducing environment (an environment - deficient in oxygen) that does not permit transformation of organic nitrogen to nitrates.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /~forage/nitratepollution/nitrate.htm (1907 words)

	Nitrates Directive
		Eutrophication is defined in the Nitrates Directive as "the enrichment of water by nitrogen compounds, causing an accelerated growth of algae and higher forms of plant life to produce an undesirable disturbance to the balance of organisms present in the water and to the quality of the water concerned".
		While the Nitrates Directive would mandate the control of nitrate in these catchments, there is likely to be little improvement in the eutrophic status of these waters unless phosphorus losses to water are controlled simultaneously.
		Nitrate from agriculture formed the dominant proportion of the annual nitrate loading in the remaining eutrophic areas: Tidal River Lagan (78%), Inner Belfast Lough (73%) and Quoile Pondage (94%).
	www.ehsni.gov.uk /environment/waterManage/agri_regs/nitrate.shtml (900 words)

	RTE News - Ireland taken to court over nitrate pollution
		Ireland is the only EU State that has not designated any part of the country a nitrate vulnerable area, nor has it developed an action plan to combat nitrate pollution, even though nitrates are one of the main causes of river and lake pollution in Ireland.
		Nitrates are used in agricultural fertiliser and are also found in animal slurry.
		The commission says that, by not identifying and designating nitrate vulnerable areas, the Irish Government has avoided having to prepare action programmes, and it is the absence of such action programmes that the Commission is challenging in the European Court.
	www.rte.ie /news/2001/0731/eu.html (354 words)

	Newsroom \| Releases/Statements \| Archive \| 1997 \| 'SEPA Recommends Nitrate Vulnerable Zone Status For Ythan Estuary'
		The European Nitrates Directive, which aims to reduce water pollution from agricultural sources and to prevent further pollution, requires member states to monitor surface and ground waters, to identify waters polluted by nitrates from agriculture and to designate the land around these areas as Nitrate Vulnerable Zones.
		Winter concentrations of nitrate are high compared to background concentrations and have increased three-fold in the last 30 years.
		Under the terms of the Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) SEPA is required to review the extent of polluted and eutrophic waters in Scotland and to notify the Secretary of State for Scotland of those areas which should be considered for designation as Nitrate Vulnerable Zones.
	www.sepa.org.uk /news/releases/1997/sepapr4797.htm (737 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		A Nitrate Vulnerable Zone is a conservation designation of English Nature for areas of land that drain into nitrate polluted waters, or waters which could become polluted by nitrates.
		Nitrate Vulnerable Zones were introduced by the UK government in response to the EU mandate that all EU countries must reduce the nitrate in Drinking Water to a maximum of 50mg/l.
		These NVZs are part of the scheme involved in NSAs (nitrate sensitive areas) which are assigned on a farm scale basis and have much more stringent rules on nitrate application and also include remuneration for profits lost from keeping to the rules.
	reference.com.cob-web.org:8888 /browse/wiki/Nitrate_Vulnerable_Zone (217 words)

	NITRATES FROM AGRICULTURE IN EUROPE: THE EC NITRATES DIRECTIVE AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN ENGLAND
		Nitrates already in the soil have potential for further damage; ten to twenty years may elapse before leaching nitrates can be detected in groundwater supplies;50 even forty years may elapse before nitrates reach groundwater.
		The Nitrates Directive,117 proposed in the Fourth EAP118 and discussed for several years prior to enactment, is the EC measure designed to address the serious problem of nitrate pollution from agricultural activities.
		Nitrates posed a current legal issue because the UK was subject to a proceeding in the European Court of Justice alleging failure to meet the EC Drinking Water Directive 80/778 standard for nitrates.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bcealr/27_4/01_TXT.htm (14171 words)

	WWF-UK: Time to get on with the real business of tackling nitrate pollution
		With the deadline for the Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ) consultation response passing on 11 April, WWF has called for farmers, the Scottish Executive and environmental groups to work together to reduce pollution from agriculture, rather than bickering over the details of the proposed new designations.
		Nitrate pollution is a dangerous reality in Scotland, the sooner we find common cause and work together to reduce it, the better for all of us," said WWF Policy Officer Adam Harrison.
		Nitrates in drinking water have been linked with cancer of the bowel and with 'blue baby syndrome', in which the supply of oxygen to the brain is inhibited and can prove fatal.
	www.wwf.org.uk /news/scotland/n_0000000545.asp (621 words)

	Crop Nutrition
		The nitrate ion is negatively charged and is therefore not held to the other negatively charged soil collides and is therefore mobile in the soil solution.
		The inorganic nitrogen is then converted in a process known as nitrification from ammonium salts to nitrites, and from nitrites to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria which obtain their energy from this oxidation process.
		The movement of water, and hence nitrate, from the soil to groundwater is influenced by:
	www.ecifm.rdg.ac.uk /nutrient.htm (1224 words)

	Irish Farmers Journal Interactive
		THE Minister for the Environment Noel Dempsey is understood to be on the point of declaring the whole country a "Nitrate Vulnerable Zone" under the EU Nitrates Directive before Christmas.
		The IFA stressed this week that no nitrate vulnerable zones should be designated until there has been proper consultation with farmers and agreement on any measures to regulate farming activities within the designated zones.
		Senior IFA officials were in phone contact with Department officials on the zoning question this week who indicated that their preferred option is the designation of the whole country as an NVZ.
	www.farmersjournal.ie /2001/1215/home/home1.html (507 words)

	Mushroom Newsletter - Spring 2002
		The 1991 EU Nitrate Directive sets down requirements with regard to the reduction of water pollution caused or induced by nitrates from agricultural sources.
		Under the directive each member state is required to identify waters affected by nitrate pollution and to designate these as Nitrate Vulnerable Zones on the basis of the results of monitoring.
		Member countries can declare the whole of a country a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone in which case the Code of Good Agricultural Practice is binding on all agricultural holdings.
	www.teagasc.ie /newsletters/mushrooms/2002springmushroom.htm (1497 words)

	Teagasc - News - Nitrate Vulnerable Zones Could Affect Intensive Farming
		A senior EU official has warned that Ireland's commitment to designate a number of nitrate vulnerable zones by the end of this year now needs to be translated into action.
		He said the voluntary Code of Practice for Nitrates, published by the Government in 1996 is expected to become mandatory in designated areas.
		Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports show that a significant number of public water supply sources in eastern, south eastern and southern counties have nitrate levels greater than the EU guide figure of 25mg/litre and there are indications that nitrate levels are continuing to rise.
	www.teagasc.ie /news/2001/200111-15a.htm (460 words)

	The Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Additional Designations) (England) (No. 2) Regulations 2002
		"nitrate vulnerable zone" means an area of land designated in accordance with article 3 of the Nitrates Directive as a vulnerable zone for the purposes of that Directive;
		The Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Additional Designations) (England) Regulations 2002[9], including the amendments and modifications they made, are revoked.
		The digital maps designating the additional nitrate vulnerable zones and a description of the methodology which was used to identify those zones are available through the Defra website by using the link www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/quality/nitrate.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si2002/20022614.htm (2573 words)

	The Scotsman - Business - Calls for concerted action on pollution
		It says that is why European Union legislation is pushing for nitrate vulnerable zones where fertiliser application, manufactured or organic, would be restricted to avoid, or reduce, possible run-off into streams and rivers.
		In its proposals for the zones the Scottish Executive said that nitrates in drinking water have been linked with cancer of the bowel and with "blue baby" syndrome.
		At several stormy meetings where details of how NVZ restrictions would be applied, farmers also claimed that the proposed zones were not based on scientific evidence but simply another example of the British civil service "gold plating" EU rules.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /business.cfm?id=391832002 (332 words)

	Nitrate and nitrite content of well water in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria Archives of Environmental Health - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		These zones were subsequently divided into 4 areas, and from each area a well was located randomly and sampled.
		Nitrate is converted to nitrite by intestinal organisms, thus increasing the concentration of nitrite in the circulation of those who drink or otherwise consume it.
		Nitrate pollution of ground water in East Yorkshire: a hydrological appraisal.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0907/is_9_58/ai_n7069076 (810 words)

	aNSwer - Projects
		An important result will be the development of a model for use in defining nitrate vulnerable zones which will partly depend on the nature of the loading (the outputs from the soil zone modelled by NCYCLE) and partly on the nature of the subsoil (vulnerability).
		The potential for the application of the results to other areas for the delineation of nitrate vulnerable zones will be enhanced by using the model developed.
		To measure and evaluate the attenuation of nitrates migrating through to groundwater from the soils under an intensively managed dairy farm on a free-draining soil, which is typical of a nitrate vulnerable zone.
	www.answer-online.org /project_more_details.asp?proj_id=1494 (294 words)

	5. CONTROLLING WATER POLLUTION FROM "NON-POINT" SOURCES, IN PARTICULAR THROUGH ZONING
		(b) in the case of a nitrate vulnerable zone designated in accordance with regulation 3(2), not later than one year after the designation of that zone.
		Nitrogen compounds shall be measured using the method described in Commission Directive 77/535/EEC of 22nd June 1977 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to methods of sampling and analysis for fertilisers (a), as amended by Directive 89/519/EEC.
		Nitrate concentration shall be measured in accordance with Article 4a(3) of Council Decision 77/795/EEC of 12th December 1977 establishing a common procedure for the exchange of information on the quality of surface fresh water in the Community, as amended by Decision 86/574/EEC.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/Y5051E/y5051e0k.htm (1350 words)

	EWG Report \|\| Pouring It On (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		In Iowa, statewide surveys between 1987 and 1991 using the PSNT indicated that in 50% of corn fields, soil nitrate concentrations before the addition of fertilizer were equal to or greater than the critical concentration needed for optimal yields (Frable, et al.
		On most farms throughout the Corn Belt, and on many farms throughout the country, nitrogen is overapplied based on estimates that do not account for all sources of available nitrogen, and failure to time and measure applications for optimal profitability.
		Until nitrogen fertilizer is used more prudently, through the widespread adoption of well known and accepted nitrogen management practices, nitrate contamination of groundwater and surface water will continue, and the cost to fix the resulting drinking water and other water quality problems will rise.
	www.ewg.org:16080 /reports/Nitrate/NitrateAlts.html (2142 words)

	Defra, UK - Environmental Protection - Water - Water Quality - Nitrates (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		November 2006 - A reminder that the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones whole farm organic manure loading limit for any areas of the farm not in grass, will drop from 210kg N/ha/yr to 170kg N/ha/yr on the 19 December 2006.
		Nitrate levels in many English waters, both ground and surface waters, are increasing.
		Nitrate pollution is of concern because it has to be removed before water can be supplied to consumers, and it can harm the water environment.
	www.defra.gov.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /environment/water/quality/nitrate/default.htm (288 words)

	The Scotsman - Business - Nitrate plans revised in farmers’ favour
		It also wanted to work as closely as possible with farmers on NVZ legislation and, as Ross Finnie, minister for environment and rural development pointed out several times, being in a nitrate vulnerable zone was not such a huge imposition.
		It is the Moray coast between Forres and Banff; Aberdeenshire, Banff and Buchan; Strathmore and Fife; and Lothian and Borders.
		The net effect is that instead of 18 to 20 per cent of Scotland being designated as nitrate vulnerable involving an estimated 14,500 farmers, the final designation is about 10 per cent (NFU Scotland estimate) or 12 to 15 per cent (Scottish Executive estimate) and 10,000 to 12,000 farmers.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /business.cfm?id=629862002 (924 words)

	SeedQuest - Central information website for the global seed industry
		Defra put £500,000 towards the new software which helps farmers plan fertiliser use for individual crops and record what they actually use, reducing the risk of diffuse pollution which is estimated to cause more than £250m of damage a year.
		Agriculture is responsible for more than 40 per cent of phosphates and 70 per cent of nitrates in English rivers and waterways.
		Nitrate Vulnerable Zones are areas at particular risk of damage by nitrates from agriculture.
	www.seedquest.com /News/releases/2004/june/8990.htm (358 words)

	Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ) Mapping (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Approximately 70% of nitrates in English waters is estimated to come from agricultural land.
		The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) is an environmental measure designed to reduce existing, and prevent future, nitrate pollution from agricultural sources to the water environment.
		Initially, the location of NVZ boundaries was based on the extent of hydrological catchments draining into failing surface water monitoring points or eutrophic waters, or the modelled extent of areas at risk of affecting groundwaters.
	www.adas.co.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /record/display_index.html?podlet_id=24&article_id=23 (495 words)

	ICMSA - Irish Creamery Milk Suppliers Association
		The Nitrates Directive, in the circumstances outlined, could prove disastrous for the most progressive dairy farmers in this country.
		An NVZ(Nitrate Vulnerable Zone) Approach should be adopted, excluding over 70 percent of the country from Nitrates stocking restrictions.
		A derogation for NVZ areas to allow farmers to farm at 0.8 acres per dairy cow.
	www.icmsa.ie /NitratesPolicy04/NitratesPolicy04.htm (626 words)

	Groundwater : Legislation : The Designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Scotland) Regulations 2002
		These Regulations further implement the requirements of the Nitrates Directive in Scotland concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources.
		The Regulations designate further nitrate vulnerable zones by making amendments to the Protection of Water Against Agricultural Nitrate Pollution (Scotland) Regulations 1996 and makes provision for maps of nitrate vulnerable zones to be available for public inspection.
		A further nitrate vulnerable zone has been designated by the Designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Scotland) No.2 Regulations 2002.
	www.sepa.org.uk /groundwater/legislation/nitrate_vulnerable_zones.htm (202 words)

	Scottish Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The area described at paragraph 2 of Schedule 4 to the Protection of Water Against Agricultural Nitrate Pollution (Scotland) Regulations 1996 is designated as a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone, within the meaning of those Regulations, with effect from 8th May 2000.
		The Protection of Water Against Agricultural Nitrate Pollution (Scotland) Regulations 1996 ("the 1996 Regulations") transpose for Scotland the requirements of Council Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources.
		It provides a framework for action to reduce nitrate levels in the catchments of rivers and groundwater sources affected by such pollution, and to reduce eutrophication of freshwater bodies, estuaries, and coastal waters.
	www.hmso.gov.uk /legislation/scotland/ssi2000/20000096.htm (1014 words)

	Countryside news for the Yorkshire Dales and beyond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		And in a rare collaborative move, the two biggest farming organisations, the NFU and the CLA, joined forces to attack Government plans to drastically increase the area of "nitrate vulnerable" land in England, saying they will be a hammer blow to farmers and growers.
		The plans were put forward in a consultation to enable the Government to extend the EU Nitrates Directive.
		Farmers were asked to choose between all of England or a targeted area, estimated at 80%, being designated as a nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ).
	www.daelnet.co.uk /countrynews/archive/2002/country_news_12032002.cfm (383 words)

	Hydrological Modelling of the River Ythan using ArcInfo GRID
		The hydrochemical model is being studied at various scales, from the whole of the catchment to the farm to the field scale.
		The final objective of the project is to predict the effect of various land management scenarios on river nitrate concentrations for the whole catchment.
		This will help in the development of a management plan to reduce nitrate concentrations in the River Ythan and it's estuary, which will be required if the catchment is designated a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone.
	gis.esri.com /library/userconf/proc96/TO150/PAP107/P107.HTM (2184 words)

	[No title]
		Ultimately, the Court found that France was correct to state that the Nitrates Directive had granted it a wide discretion in identifying the polluted waters to which the directive would apply.
		In that case it had upheld the designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones under the Nitrates Directive, in circumstances in which agriculture was demonstrated to be a significant cause of the higher nitrogen levels found in particular waterways. However, it is interesting to examine what the Court considers to amount to ‘a significant contribution’.
		The Nitrates Directive and the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directives are particularly important in this respect, since they require Member States to take measures in respect of the principle sources of the pollution leading to this problem: agriculture and domestic sewage.
	www.ucc.ie /law/events/environ05papers/jack.doc (4463 words)

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