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Topic: Nitrite inhalants

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	Nitrite inhalants - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The vapours of the alkyl nitrite are inhaled directly from the bottle, inducing an almost-instant, euphoric head rush; the body's smooth muscles, such as the sphincter, are relaxed.
		Alkyl nitrites are sometimes assumed to be used exlusively or primarily by homosexual men, but usage is reportedly popular among heterosexual men and women as well.
		Frequent butyl nitrite inhalation entails therefore the risk of B12 and/or folate deficiency with consequent impairment of the immune function." PMID 3954771.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nitrite_inhalants (3807 words)

	Inhalants
		Inhalants are drugs that produce a quick, temporary high; lightheadedness; and euphoria (good feeling) when their fumes or gases are breathed and absorbed into the body through the lungs.
		Nitrites are compounds of nitrogen and act mainly as vasodilators, causing the walls of blood vessels to relax so that the vessels enlarge, or dilate.
		Nitrite inhalants tend to raise the pressure of the fluid within the eyes.
	www.youtest.com /Inhalants.htm (1144 words)

	Inhalants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Inhalants are breathable chemicals that produce psychoactive (mind-altering) vapors.
		Amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite are inhalants that are also abused.
		Butyl nitrite is packaged in small bottles and sold under a variety of names, such as "locker room" and "rush." It produces a "high" that lasts from a few seconds to several minutes.
	www.wellness.gatech.edu /information/2_drug_abuse/inhalants.php (666 words)

	Nitrite Inhalants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nitrite inhalants are commonly abused substances in the United States, primarily by homosexual men and others who use nitrites to facilitate sexual intercourse and/or produce euphoria (1-4).
		Nitrite inhalants are used more commonly by gay men than others (6); use has been declining since AIDS was first reported (30) and has roughly paralleled the pattern of reported KS cases, and use among whites is greater than among fls, as is the incidence of KS (22).
		Nitrite inhalants are associated with behavioral relapse and HIV transmission among gay men, with decreased lymphocyte counts and natural killer cell activity in a few laboratory studies, and they remain a candidate cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related KS.
	enkidu.netfirms.com /art/2004/080204/E_011_080204.htm (4384 words)

	Inhalant Abuse Information and Inhalant Addiction Treatment
		Inhalant abuse among the Nation's 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders declined in 1999, continuing an apparent gradual decline that began in 1996, according to the latest MTF data.
		Abuse of all inhalants by 10th-graders declined to 7.2 percent in 1999, from 9.6 percent in 1995.
		Unlike other inhalants, which are abused mainly for their intoxicating effects, nitrites are abused primarily because they are believed to enhance sexual pleasure and performance.
	www.starliterecovery.com /inhalants.asp (2797 words)

	Nitrite inhalants: history, epidemiology, and possible links to AIDS.
		Nitrite inhalants have been commonly abused substances in the United States.
		Nitrite inhalants and AIDS was a popular topic in the early 1980s, when the cause of AIDS was not known.
		However, nitrite inhalant use is associated with behavioral relapse and HIV transmission among gay men, with decreased lymphocyte counts and natural killer cell activity in a few laboratory studies, and it remains a candidate cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1998/dec/M98C7410.html (350 words)

	Inhalants Drug Rehabilitation Inhalant Rehab Center Drug Treatment and Drug Rehabilitation Centers
		And while other inhalants are used to alter mood, nitrites are used primarily as sexual enhancers.
		Possibly, many 12th-graders fail to recall their much earlier use of inhalants or, more troubling, many 8th-grade inhalant abusers may have dropped out of school by the 12th grade and are no longer included in the survey population.
		However, no well-controlled, prospective study of the effects of prenatal exposure to inhalants in humans has been conducted, and it is not possible to link prenatal exposure to a specific chemical to a specific birth defect or developmental problem.
	www.drugandalcoholrehab.net /inhalants.htm (3065 words)

	soderberg2
		We are studying the effects of nitrite inhalants, such as amyl, butyl, and isobutyl nitrites, on the immune system.
		Nitrite inhalants spontaneously liberate nitric oxide, which is not responsible for the immunotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice.
		Isobutyl nitrite liberates nitric oxide which is not responsible for the immunotoxicity of the inhalant.
	www.uams.edu /mbim/soderberg2.htm (441 words)

	the Lycaeum - Drug Archives
		Nitrite inhalants, as drugs of abuse, have received a new prominence in the literature since their use has been associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma and possibly other manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
		Among substance abusers, nitrites appear to be a drug whose use starts late, with the mean age of first use being 25.6 years compared to 14.6 years for glue, 17.6 years for marijuana, and 18.5 years for heroin.
		Dahl AR Lewis JL Respiratory tract uptake of inhalants and metabolism of xenobiotics.
	www.lycaeum.org /drugs.old/synthetics/n2o/inhalant_dangers2.html (4515 words)

	HIV & AIDS - NIDA Meeting Calls For Research Into the Poppers-Kaposi's Sarcoma Connection
		Nitrite causes a loss of tone of the vascular bed and pooling and trapping of blood in the veins of the lower extremities, resulting in marked arteriolar constriction and the induction of anoxemia in vital tissues, causing death....
		The inhalants are diverse substances that happen to be defined by the route of intake.
		In the question period I made the point that the nitrites obviously could not be the sole cause of one or all of the forms of KS.
	www.virusmyth.net /aids/data/jlpoppers.htm (5632 words)

	[No title]
		The data suggest that cyclohexyl nitrite had cytotoxic activity, comparable to that of isobutyl nitrite, which might be related to the anaemia reported in abusers.
		We conclude that in humans inhalation of volatile nitrites causes cycles of modest immunosuppression, particularly in NK activity, followed by gradual recovery when the drug is not inhaled for several days.
		Nitrite inhalants react with all biological macromolecules, mutating and inactivating DNA and RNA, diazotizing proteins, killing vitamins and oxydizing hemoglobin to inactive methemoglobin (Duesberg PH.
	www.rethinking.org /aids/cite/topic_195.html (877 words)

	Erowid Inhalants Vault : Nitrite / Nitrate Misspellings and Confusion
		Both nitrites and nitrates are used as medicines to treat heart problems including angina, chest pains, and as emergency medicine during heart attacks.
		Nitrites are packaged and sold as heart medicines in small glass ampules inside cloth.
		Amyl nitrite (AM-il NYE-trite) is related to the nitrate medicines and is used by inhalation to relieve the pain of angina attacks.
	www.erowid.org /chemicals/inhalants/inhalants_info5.shtml (582 words)

	Inhalants, inhalant abuse, effects of inhalants at SAMHSA's NCADI
		Inhalants are substances or fumes from products such as glue or paint thinner that are sniffed or "huffed" to cause an immediate high.
		Inhalants starve the body of oxygen and force the heart to beat irregularly and more rapidly--that can be dangerous for your body.
		Inhalants include a large group of chemicals that are found in such household products as aerosol sprays, cleaning fluids, glue, paint, paint thinner, gasoline, propane, nail polish remover, correction fluid, and marker pens.
	www.ncadi.samhsa.gov /govpubs/PHD631 (563 words)

	Duesberg on AIDS- The role of drugs in the origin of AIDS
		Nitrite inhalants and possibly other drugs are preferred by male homosexuals as aphrodisiacs because they facilitate anal intercourse [81, 88, 91, 101].
		Surveys studying the use of nitrite inhalants in San Francisco found that among homosexual men 58% were users in 1984 and 27% in 1991 compared to less than 1% among hetrosexuals and lesbians of the same age group [102].
		In view of this, a causal link between nitrite inhalants and Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumonia in homosexuals was first suggested in 1982 by the CDC [17] and other investigators [59, 77].
	www.duesberg.com /papers/pdbiopharm.html (7861 words)

	Fact Sheet - INHALANTS
		Reports of amyl nitrite abuse occurred before 1979, when it was available without a prescription.
		Young people, especially between the ages of 7 and 17, are more likely to abuse inhalants, in part because they are readily available and inexpensive.
		Inhalants also can cause death by depressing the central nervous system so much that breathing slows down until it stops.
	www.well.com /user/woa/fsinhale.htm (723 words)

	Inhalants
		Reports of amyl nitrite abuse occurred before 1979, when it was available by prescription.
		T he "high" from inhalants tends to be short or can last several hours, if used repeatedly.
		Using inhalants while taking other drugs or medications that slow down the body's functions, such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills, or alcohol, increases the risk of death from overdose.
	www.darebox.com /inhalants.html (740 words)

	Drugs of Abuse Course #975 or #1175 Part 3
		Inhalants - particularly volatile solvents, gases, and aerosols - are often among the first drugs that young children use.
		One study indicates inhalant abuse is higher for boys than girls in grades 4 through 6, occurs at similar rates in grades 7 through 9 - when overall use is highest - and becomes more prevalent again among boys in grades 10 through 12.
		Recent research also raises the possibility that there may be a link between abuse of nitrite inhalants and the development and progression of infectious diseases and tumors.
	www.nursece.com /onlinecourses/975P3.html (7329 words)

	eMedicine - Inhalants : Article by Timothy Kaufman, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Recreational use of inhalants in the United States accelerated in the 1950s and is widespread amongst adolescents today.
		Inhalants are frequently the first consciousness-altering substance abused by children.
		Nitrite inhalant use, for example, is prevalent amongst homosexual males.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic173.htm (3534 words)

	HIV & AIDS - To Fund Or Not To Fund, That Is The Question
		Epidemiological correlations have established a dose-response relationship between nitrite consumption and AIDS risk, and the restriction in their use to the active homosexual community correlates well with the restriction of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexuals with AIDS.
		On the other hand, some of the points in the grant application are noteworthy of study, e.g., determining appropriate doses of nitrite inhalants in mice that can be validly used to study their immunotoxic potential.
		If there was compelling evidence that nitrite use causes KS or AIDS, there would be no need to do experiments about it.(3) Conversely, preventing such experiments from being performed prevents evidence, compelling or otherwise, to develop one way or the other.
	www.virusmyth.net /aids/data/slfund.htm (6472 words)

	[No title]
		Amyl nitrite was the only drug that 100% of patients [with Kaposi’s Sarcoma] reported ever having used, although 1 patient reported using it only once in his life...Only amyl nitrite had significantly elevated risk ratios at the [99%] probability level in the time periods 5-9 and > 10 years before disease.”
		“the areas where absorbed concentrations of volatile nitrites would be expected to be highest - the skin surround the nose and in the nasal/pulmonary mucosa - are also reported to be the areas in which KS occurs in persons with AIDS.
		And he posed the question: "Are these all the same?" Haverkos cited the cases of HIV-negative cases of gay men with KS (16 in the practice of one physician alone).
	www.rethinking.org /aids/cite/topic_196.html (1656 words)

	Lee S. F. Soderbergback
		We are currently investigating the effects of nitrite exposure on macrophage functions, including the molecular regulation of cytokine synthesis, nitric oxide (NO) production, and signal transduction pathways.
		Our hypothesis is that the nitrite inhalants either directly nitrate cellular consituents or react with with macrophage-derived reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) to form peroxynitrite.
		Peroxynitrite (ONOO) is highly toxic and is thought to be responsible for the toxicity of NO. We are evaluating the ability of the inhalants to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis), modulate mitochondrial respiration, and alter enzyme activity.
	www.uams.edu /mbim/sodint.htm (272 words)

	Florida SADD - Students Against Destructive Decisions
		There is a vast amount of information available on this topic, and rather than repeat it here, I’ve included some links that will give you all the facts, information, and program ideas that you need to develop an awareness campaign for your school.
		“One on five students in America has used an inhalant to get high by the time he or she reaches the eighth grade.
		Parents don't know that inhalants, cheap, legal and accessible products, are as popular among middle school students as marijuana.
	www.floridasadd.org /March.cfm (1541 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is not generally realized that the nitrites-AIDS hypothesis (that nitrites play a strong role in causing AIDS) was the first one offered by scientists, dating back to around 1980.
		doses of nitrite inhalants in mice that can be validly used to study their immunotoxic potential.
		If there was compelling evidence that nitrite use causes KS or AIDS, there would be no need to do experiments about it.
	www.ngcolosi.org.za /AIDS_TO_FUND_OR_NOT_PETER_DUESBERG.htm (10322 words)

	What Are Substance Abusers' HIV Prevention Needs? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This was considerably higher than rates of 0.5% for men and 0.2% for women found in a similar population survey.
		In Boston, MA, a study of gay men found a strong relationship between use of nitrite inhalants or "poppers" and HIV infection.
		The relation between nitrite inhalants, unprotective receptive anal intercourse, and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
	www.caps.ucsf.edu /substancetext.html (1520 words)

	Erowid Inhalants Vault
		Inhalants are either chemicals in gaseous form or volatile solvents (liquids) that becomes gas at the time of use, which are inhaled by people for their psychoactive effects.
		Our understanding of the literature is that there is no such thing as safe use of most volatile solvents, aerosols or other street inhalants : their psychoactive effects may be inseparable from nerve and organ damage.
		The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs: Inhalants, by J. Glowa
	www.erowid.org /chemicals/inhalants/inhalants.shtml (189 words)

	Lee S.F. Soderberg, PhD - ACRC Physician Directory
		Ponnappan U, Soderberg LSF. Inflammatory macrophage nuclear factor-kB and proteasome activity are inhibited following inhalation exposure to inhaled isobutyl nitrite.
		Production of macrophage IL-1b was inhibited both at the levels of transcription and maturation by caspase-1 following inhalation exposure to isobutyl nitrite.
		Inhaled isobutyl nitrite inhibited macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase by blocking NFkB signaling and promoting degradation of inducible nitric oxide synthase-2.
	www.acrc.uams.edu /directory/bio.asp?id=83 (453 words)

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