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ATSDR - MMG: Blister Agents: Nitrogen Mustard (HN-1); Nitrogen Mustard (HN-2); and Nitrogen Mustard (HN-3) Nitrogen mustards are vesicants and alkylating agents; however, the mechanisms of action are not clearly understood. Nitrogen mustards are extremely toxic and may damage the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract and suppress the immune system. Nitrogen mustard vapor and liquid are readily absorbed by inhalation and ocular and dermal contact. www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg164.html   (4079 words)

Nitrogen mustard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic chemotherapy agents similar to mustard gas. The prototype nitrogen mustard drug is mustine which is no longer commonly in use but was the first drug to be used as an anticancer chemotherapeutic. As with all types of mustard gas, nitrogen mustard is a powerful and persistent blister agent. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nitrogen_mustard   (262 words)

Sulfur mustard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The sulfur mustards, of which mustard gas is a member, are a class of related cytotoxic, vesicant chemical warfare agents with the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin. Sulfur mustards are variations of "mustard gas" (bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide), which was first synthesised by Frederick Guthrie in 1860, though it is possible that it was developed as early as 1822 by M Depretz. Mustard gas was dispersed as an aerosol in a mixture with other chemicals, giving it a yellow-brown color and a distinctive odor. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mustard_gas   (1772 words)

Mustard Agents Mustard agents are usually classified as "blistering agents" owing to the similarity of the wounds caused by these substances resembling burns and blisters. Mustard agent was first used as a CW agent during the latter part of the First World War and caused lung and eye injuries to a very large number of soldiers. Mustard agent gives no immediate symptoms upon contact and consequently a delay of between two and twenty-four hours may occur before pain is felt and the victim becomes aware of what has happened. www.opcw.org /resp/html/mustard.html   (1999 words)

nitrogen mustard - HighBeam Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16) NITROGEN MUSTARD [nitrogen mustard] any of various poisonous compounds originally developed for military use (see poison gas). Nitrogen mustards cause mutations in the genetic material of cells, thereby disrupting mitosis, or cell division. Cells vary in their susceptibility to nitrogen mustards, with rapidly proliferating tumor and cancer cells most sensitive; bone marrow, which produces red blood cells, is also sensitive, and depression of red blood cell production is a frequent side effect of nitrogen mustard therapy. www.encyclopedia.com /html/n/nitromus.asp   (310 words)

Nitrogen Mustard - British Association of Dermatologists Topically applied nitrogen mustard has been used for more than 40 years to treat a cutaneous lymphoma (a rare form of skin cancer) known as mycosis fungoides, and continues to be safe and effective for some cases of this condition. Nitrogen mustard is usually applied once daily to begin with, but, as your skin condition improves, your dermatologist will ask you to reduce the frequency of application. Nitrogen mustard has not been found in the blood of patients using it on their skin, and will not affect your blood count. www.bad.org.uk /public/leaflets/nitrogen_mustard.asp   (1130 words)

eMedicine - CBRNE - Vesicants, Mustard: Hd, Hn1-3, H : Article Excerpt by: Daniel J Dire, MD, FACEP, FAAP, FAAEM   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16) Mustard agents are oily liquids ranging from colorless (in pure state) to pale yellow to dark brown, depending on the type and purity. Mustard agents are simple to manufacture and therefore can be a first choice for countries or terrorists who decide to have a capacity for chemical warfare agents. Subsequently, mustard agents accounted for 80% of chemical casualties in World War I. Among 6980 cases of mustard burns during World War I, the location of the lesions were as follows: eyes, 86%; respiratory, 75%; scrotum, 42%; face, 27%; anus, 24%; legs, 11%; buttocks, 10%; hands, 4%; and feet, 1.5%. emedicine.com /emerg/byname/cbrne---vesicants-mustard--hd-hn1-3-h.htm   (693 words)

Nitrogen Mustard (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Supplement7, 1987) Nitrogen mustard, administered mainly as the hydrochloride, has been tested for carcinogenicity in mice and rats by subcutaneous, intravenous and intraperitoneal administration and by skin painting. Nitrogen mustard induced dominant lethal mutations and micronuclei in bone-marrow cells of mice exposed in vivo and alkylated DNA of ascites cells in experimental animals treated in vivo. Nitrogen mustard induced aneuploidy and somatic mutation and recombination in Drosophila, chromosomal aberrations in plants, mitotic recombination and mutation in fungi, and mutation and DNA damage in fungi [ref: 11]. www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/suppl7/nitrogenmustard.html   (483 words)

CDC | Facts About Nitrogen Mustards Nitrogen mustards were produced in the 1920s and 1930s as potential chemical warfare weapons. Adverse health effects caused by nitrogen mustards depend on the amount of nitrogen mustard to which people are exposed, the route of exposure, and the length of time that people are exposed. If you are near a release of nitrogen mustard, emergency coordinators may tell you to either evacuate the area or “shelter in place” inside a building to avoid being exposed to the chemical. www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/nitrogenmustard/basics/facts.asp   (1230 words)

Molecule of the Month - Mustard Gas Mustard gas is a paticularly deadly and dehabilitating poison, but its real danger when it was first used in WW1, compared to other chemical warfare agents at the time, was the fact that it could penetrate all protective materials and masks that they had available at the time. Research then began in 1946 to show that nitrogen mustards (differing only from mustard gas due to the presence of a nitrogen atom, not a sulphur atom) reduced tumor growth in mice, via a mechanism whereby 2 strands of DNA are linked by a molecule of nitrogen mustard. It had already been shown that the sensitivity of the bone marrow of mice to mustard gas is similar to that of humans, and therefore resarch lead to clinical trials, and nitrogen mustards became part of modern chemotherapy treatment, being mainly used as a cure for cancer of the lmyph glands - Hodgkin's Disease. www.bris.ac.uk /Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/mustard/mustard.htm   (762 words)

nitrogen mustard - Search Results - MSN Encarta - nitrogen compound used in treating cancer: a compound similar to mustard gas in which the sulfur is replaced by amino nitrogen. Nitrogen, symbol N, gaseous element that makes up the largest portion of Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen Cycle, natural cyclic process in the course of which atmospheric nitrogen enters the soil and becomes part of living organisms, before... encarta.msn.com /nitrogen+mustard.html   (160 words)

eMedicine - Toxicity, Mustard Agent : Article by Gary E Caplan, MD, MPH Mustard gas is an agent used in war and is unlikely to be seen in typical civilian medical establishments. Nitrogen mustards are similar to HD in their vesicant qualities, but they have slightly more severe systemic effects, particularly in the CNS. The LD for ingestion of mustard is estimated as 0.7 mg/kg. www.emedicine.com /med/topic1529.htm   (4271 words)

Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for nitrogen   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16) Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless diatomic gas. Nitrogen remobilization during grain filling in wheat: genotypic and environmental effects. Nitrogen distribution in soil density fractions and its relation to nitrogen mineralisation under different tillage systems. www.encyclopedia.com /articles/09279.html   (681 words)

No. 1190: Mustard Gas We were lucky that most of the mustard gas burned off in the fires. After the war, nitrogen mustard, and other similar chemicals, became the chemotheraputic agents of choice for cancers of the lymph glands -- like Hodgkin's disease. Karnofsky, D. A., Summary of Results Obtained with Nitrogen Mustard in the Treatment of Neoplast Disease. www.uh.edu /engines/epi1190.htm   (681 words)

Medical Dictionary: Nitrogen mustard - WrongDiagnosis.com Nitrogen mustard: One of a number of synthetic agents related to sulphur mustard with antineoplastic, immunosuppressive, irritant, and carcinogenic properties. Nitrogen mustards, including mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, and chlorambucil, are to a highly reactive ethylene immonium derivatives that interact with nucleic acids, alkylate DNA, and inhibit DNA replication. Nitrogen mustard : group of alkylating agents derived from mustard gas, with the sulfur replaced by nitrogen; formerly used as toxicants and vesicants, but now used therapeutically as antineoplastic agents; they are also powerful mutagens, teratogens, immunosuppressants, and carcinogens. www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/nitrogen_mustard.htm   (250 words)

FACT SHEET-JULY 1997   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16) Nitrogen mustard is used as a surrogate for sulfur mustard chemical weapon agents. Nitrogen mustard is also acutely toxic to human skin tissue within 24 hours at high concentrations, and at much lower concentrations, if the skin is exposed for 7 days. Nitrogen mustard modulated the concentration and activity of APE in rodent nervous tissue and human skin tissue. www.gulflink.osd.mil /dugway/chem_research.htm   (1884 words)

mustard They are cultivated for the seeds, which are ground and used as a condiment, usually mixed to a paste with vinegar or oil, sometimes with spices or with an admixture of starch to reduce the pungency. The white mustard is used in some places as forage for sheep and as green manure. Black mustard seeds are more pungent than the white and yield a yellowish, biting oil (mustard oil) that has also been useful in medicine. www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0834600.html   (346 words)

Evaluation of Protective Ointments Used against Dermal Effects of Nitrogen Mustard, a Vesicant Warfare Agent Military ... Mustard, a vesicant warfare agent, has cytotoxic, mutagenic, and cytostatic effects via alkylation of DNA and inhibition of DNA replication. Mechlorethamine HCl (100 mg), a nitrogen mustard derivative, in ethanol was applied by spraying on hairless regions where previously prepared pharmaceutical topical formulations were medicated before. Mustard agent does not cause any immediate noticeable effects, but results in slowly appearing lesions.1 Because of its nature, mustard gas easily penetrates through skin and moves into the circulation within 15 to 20 minutes. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200501/ai_n9478277   (661 words)

Topical nitrogen mustard. DermNet NZ Nitrogen mustard (also known as mechlorethamine or mustine) belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. Nitrogen mustard powder for injection is administered intravenously to treat certain types of cancers, however topical formulations of nitrogen mustard can be prepared to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, namely mycosis fungoides. Topical preparations of nitrogen mustard are formulated by mixing the injectable powder with either water or an ointment base. www.dermnetnz.org /treatments/nitrogen-mustard.html   (593 words)

Nitrogen Mustard, Mustargen, Mechlorethamine, Mustine, Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride Chemotherapy Drugs Nitrogen Mustard, Mustine, and Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride are other names for Mechlorethamine. Nitrogen Mustard is classified as an "alkylating agent." (For more detail, see "How this drug works" section below). There is a slight risk of developing a blood cancer such as leukemia after taking Nitrogen Mustard. www.chemocare.com /bio/nitrogen_mustard.asp   (1494 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16) Service connection may also be granted for a chronic form of laryngitis, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on full-body exposure to nitrogen or sulfur mustard or lewisite during active military service, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia based on exposure to nitrogen mustard during active military service. Included are veterans: (1) Exposed during field or chamber testing; (2) Exposed under battlefield conditions in World War I; (3) Present at the German air raid on the harbor of Bari, Italy, in World War II; (4) Engaged in manufacturing and handling vesicant (blistering) agents during their military service. Development (1) Development for evidence of full-body exposure to mustard gas or lewisite is necessary only if the veteran claims exposure and has a mustard gas induced condition. www.mvc.dps.mo.gov /MustardGas.doc   (827 words)

Effect of O6-Benzylguanine on Nitrogen Mustard-induced Toxicity, Apoptosis, and Mutagenicity in Chinese Hamster Ovary ... to the toxic properties of nitrogen mustards (10, 11). Effect of BG on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity induced by nitrogen mustards. Effect of BG on apoptotic cell death in CHO cells treated with nitrogen mustards. mct.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/1/1/21   (4243 words)

Synthesis and Reactivity of Aryl Nitrogen Mustard-Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Conjugates   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16) A 5'-hexylamine derivative of this ODN was reacted with three different 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester derivatives of aryl nitrogen mustards which were designed to have different alkylation rates. The reactivity of the mustard groups depended on chloride concentration and the presence of nucleophiles. Rates of sequence specific alkylation within a triplex were determined by denaturing gel electrophoresis and shown to depend on inherent reactivity of the mustard group. pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bcches/1998/9/i01/abs/bc970134a.html   (250 words)

Arch Dermatol -- Abstract: Topical Nitrogen Mustard in the Management of Mycosis Fungoides: Update of the Stanford ... Arch Dermatol -- Abstract: Topical Nitrogen Mustard in the Management of Mycosis Fungoides: Update of the Stanford Experience, February 2003, Kim et al. nitrogen mustard as salvage therapy was similar to initial response topical nitrogen mustard was used as an ointment preparation. archderm.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/139/2/165   (364 words)

Lymphoma Information Network - Mustargen / Nitrogen Mustard Mustargen (generic name mechlorethamine, MSD, mustine or nitrogen mustard) is a chemotherapy agent used in the treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma / Disease and some forms of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. It usually comes in liquid form which is given by vein in multiple chemotherapy but for skin lymphomas it may be mixed into a topical cream. Formerly manufactured by Merck and Co., Inc., in March 2006 it was learned that Ovation Pharmaceuticals bought the rights to the drug. www.lymphomainfo.net /therapy/drugs/mustargen.html   (599 words)

Nitrogen Mustard - Genesis Health System Nitrogen Mustard is an anti-cancer drug that stops cell growth and division. This drug is used to treat several kinds of cancer, including lymphoma some lung cancers. Use this information in the absence of more specific or personal advice given to you by your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. www.genesishealth.com /druginfo/Nitrogen_Mustard.aspx?style=po   (292 words)

AllRefer.com - nitrogen mustard (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com - nitrogen mustard (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia nitrogen mustard, any of various poisonous compounds originally developed for military use (see poison gas). More articles from AllRefer Reference on nitrogen mustard reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/nitromus.html   (229 words)

nitrogen mustard nitrogen mustard, any of various poisonous compounds originally developed for military use (see In the form of its crystalline hydrochloride it is used as a drug in the treatment of The nitrogen mustards also suppress the immune response (see www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0835745.html   (181 words)

Synthesis of a Duplex Oligonucleotide Containing a Nitrogen Mustard Interstrand DNA-DNA Cross-Link -- Ojwang et al. 49 ... Synthesis of a Duplex Oligonucleotide Containing a Nitrogen Mustard Interstrand DNA-DNA Cross-Link -- Ojwang et al. , sequence by a nitrogen mustard moiety that is bound mustard is shown to react with a variety of oligonucleotides cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/49/23/6529   (385 words)

Clinical Trial: Safety and Efficacy of Nitrogen Mustard in Treatment of Mycosis Fungoides This study will evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and safety of topical application of nitrogen mustard ointment formulations in patients with stage I or IIA mycosis fungoides. The successful use of nitrogen mustard as a topical agent in the treatment of mycosis fungoides, a form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, was first reported in the late 1950s, and provided a rationale for skin-directed chemotherapy that minimized systemic toxicity. Topical nitrogen mustard in the management of mycosis fungoides: update of the Stanford experience. clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00168064   (602 words)

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