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Topic: Nitrogen narcosis

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Equivalent air depth

Technical diving

Partial pressure

Pressure

Respiration (physiology)

Huff and Puff Apparatus

Chemical equilibrium

Respiration

	Nitrogen Narcosis \| AHealthyMe.com
		Nitrogen narcosis, commonly referred to as "rapture of the deep," typically becomes noticeable at 100 ft underwater and is incapacitating at 300 ft, causing stupor, blindness, unconsciousness, and even death.
		Nitrogen narcosis is caused by gases in the body acting in a manner described by Dalton's Law of partial pressures: the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of gases in the mixture.
		Nitrogen narcosis may be differentiated from toxicity of oxygen, carbon monoxide, or carbon dioxide by the absence of such symptoms as headache, seizure, and bluish color of the lips and nail beds.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100587218?_requestid=61631 (675 words)

	Nitrogen narcosis
		It is the gas that causes nitrogen narcosis through the effect of Dalton's law and it is the gas that causes decompression sickness on ascent from depth with reduction of pressure, (Boyle's Law).
		Nitrogen is the gas that determines decompression schedules.
		Nitrogen narcosis is potentiated by increased CO2 levels.
	www.scuba-doc.com /nitronarc.html (440 words)

	Nitrogen narcosis
		Nitrogen narcosis, commonly referred to as "rapture of the deep," typically becomes noticeable at 100 ft underwater and is incapacitating at 300 ft, causing stupor, blindness, unconsciousness, and even death.
		Nitrogen narcosis is caused by gases in the body acting in a manner described by Dalton's Law of partial pressures: the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of gases in the mixture.
		Nitrogen narcosis may be differentiated from toxicity of oxygen, carbon monoxide, or carbon dioxide by the absence of such symptoms as headache, seizure, and bluish color of the lips and nail beds.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/nitrogen_narcosis.jsp (791 words)

	Nitrogen narcosis Summary
		Nitrogen narcosis or inert gas narcosis is a reversible alteration in consciousness producing a state similar to alcohol intoxication in SCUBA divers at depth.
		The mechanism of the narcosis is related to the solubility of nitrogen in the blood occurring at elevated atmospheric pressures.
		Breathing gases such as trimix and heliox are used in technical diving to reduce nitrogen narcosis by replacing a portion of nitrogen in the gas mixture with helium, thus reducing the partial pressure of nitrogen at depth.
	www.bookrags.com /Nitrogen_narcosis (1673 words)

	Scuba diving and Nitrogen Narcosis
		Nitrogen is not the only gas capable of affecting the nerve transmissions when the body experience high pressure; the same state of intoxication can for instance be caused by hydrogen and argon.
		A diver suffering from nitrogen narcosis might calculate the wrong number, or display a number of fingers that is not coherent with the number that he or she calculated.
		Nitrogen narcosis seems to be more common during dives where the diver has made a rapid descent, but it can occur even after a very slow descent.
	www.howtoadvice.com /Preview/Juvledm (683 words)

	Nitrogen - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nitrogen is the seventh element in the periodic table.
		Nitrogen naturally occurs as a colorless and odorless gas, generally considered to be inert.
		"Timescape" – Picard's temporal narcosis was likened to nitrogen narcosis.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Nitrogen (522 words)

	Diving 102: Nitrogen Narcosis
		This narcosis effect poses a significant danger to divers because it might cause them to make decisions that place them at risk: A diver might not recognize a problem, or may not be able to respond to it.
		Divers suffering from nitrogen narcosis have been known to remove their regulator mouthpiece, or to swim to an unsafe depth without regard for decompression sickness or available air supply.
		Nitrogen narcosis affects every diver regardless of experience, and once it starts, you may not even know you are impaired.
	www.safetycenter.navy.mil /media/fathom/issues/JulSep01/nitrogen.htm (457 words)

	Nitrogen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nitrogen, as a gas, is colorless, odorless, and a generally inert element.
		Nitrogen is used as a refrigerant both for the immersion freezing of food products and for transportation of foods.
		Liquid nitrogen is also used in missile work as a purge for components, insulators for space chambers, etc., and by the oil industry to build up great pressures in wells to force crude oil upward.
	www.sunysccc.edu /academic/mst/ptable/n.html (435 words)

	Narcosis by Flower (N3)
		The image of helplessness is reinforced by Cousteau’s well-known description of narcosis as "raptures of the deep" and his accompanying warnings about a loss of self control, which is exemplified by the urge a diver might have to give his mouthpiece to a passing fish.
		First, to highlight recent advances in behavioral research on narcosis which suggest that it might be possible to develop training procedures to improve the work effectiveness and safety of divers exposed to narcosis.
		The claim that narcosis does not cause perceptual distortions is conterintuitive because narcosis typically decreases the accuracy of responding as well as increasing response time on a variety of cognitive, perceptual-motor and manual dexterity tasks.
	www.cisatlantic.com /trimix/AQUAcorps/survive/Narcosis.htm (2282 words)

	Nitrogen Narcosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nitrogen Narcosis or inert gas narcosis is a reversible alteration in consciousness producing a state similar to alcohol intoxication in SCUBA divers at depths beyond 30m.
		However the cure for nitrogen narcosis is a simple one, as effects disappear upon ascending to shallower waters.
		In technical diving, breathing gases such as trimix and heliox are used to reduce nitrogen nacrosis by replacing a portion of nitrogen in the gas mixture with helium, reducing the partial pressure of nitrogen at depth.
	www.zendiving.com /nitrogen_narcosis.htm (1109 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Nitrogen Narcosis
		An individual's tolerance to nitrogen narcosis is similar to that of alcohol and the effects are very similar, but without the hangover.
		Divers with severe nitrogen narcosis have been known to discard their breathing apparatus with the obvious dangers that brings.
		Nitrogen Narcosis should not be confused with the bends, or Decompression Sickness to give it its proper name.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A810244 (888 words)

	[No title]
		The first one supports that the increase in the partial pressure of nitrogen is responsible for the narcosis which occurs in divers breathing compressed air, whereas the other one supported that the cause was carbon dioxide retention.
		The nitrogen and inert gas theory is based on the fact that all gaseous or volatile substances produce narcosis when they penetrate the cell lipids at a definite molar concentration.
		The combination of anxiety and nitrogen narcosis is particularly difficult to investigate because anxiety cannot be manipulated easily.
	clientes.netvisao.pt /ojosecar/Nitrogen_narcosis.doc (2943 words)

	Narc Scuba Diving - Nitrogen Narcosis
		However, the nitrogen is physiologically inert (meaning it is not metabolized - the body doesn't use it or need it to survive).
		The narcosis effect poses a significant danger to the diver because; as it increases the risk of an accident due to inability to perform it also decreases the diver's perception that a problem exists.
		Nitrogen Narcosis affects every diver and the danger is the dive may not be aware that he/she is even effected.
	www.aquastrophics.com /articles/articl35.htm (370 words)

	Nitrogen Narcosis \| ATLANTIS BALI DIVING - PADI professional Dive Master \|
		A diver affected by nitrogen narcosis behaves as you might expect someone to behave if intoxicated.
		Narcosis impairs the diver's judgment and coordination, and may create a false sense of security, cause disregard for safety and other foolish behavior.
		Nitrogen narcosis can make a diver feel anxious or uncomfortable, which can lead to panic or other poor decisions.
	www.atlantis-bali-diving.com /GoDive/breathing-air-depth3.htm (266 words)

	The Chemistry of Scuba diving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		High pressures of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen often lead to narcosis and toxicity.
		Nitrogen Narcosis: Breathing air below 100ft leads to an intoxicated drunken state referred to as nitrogen narcosis, due to the increased concentrations of nitrogen in the body and its anesthetic quality under pressure.
		Oxygen Toxicity: While breathing pure oxygen relieves the symptoms of decompression sickness and nitrogen narcosis, oxygen has a toxic effect on the brain at high pressures.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /webprojects2001/meeraus/narcosis.html (120 words)

	Scuba-Diving - Medical Cause & Response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nitrogen narcosis is a phenomenon that occurs as divers descend to deeper waters.
		Nitrogen narcosis is an acute problem that can happen to any diver and cannot be predicted.
		Enriched gases usually have an increased percentage of oxygen and reduced nitrogen, which is meant to reduce the dangers from nitrogen.
	www.marinemedical.com /articles/scuba_response.htm (1606 words)

	NITROGEN NARCOSIS & DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nitrogen narcosis diminishes when a diver reaches shallow water, with no after effects.
		Nitrogen narcosis is not dangerous or harmful in itself, but the impared judgement and loss of coordination it causes can be quite dangerous.
		Decompression sickness is the effect of nitrogen absorbed by the body while diving, and is perhaps one of the most significant effects of breathing air under pressure.
	www.cob.montevallo.edu /ThompsonMS/NITDEC.HTM (758 words)

	recreational divers
		Nitrogen narcosis frequently referred to as "rapture of the deep," is not fully understood by current science, but in simple terms is the tendency of nitrogen under pressure to affect the human brain and neurological system.
		Since the air we breathe is approximately 79% nitrogen, when air is compressed in a scuba tank, this means that the diver is breathing 79% nitrogen.
		Fortunately, nitrogen narcosis is not permanent and causes no damage to the human body after the diver ascends to a level to where the effects of nitrogen have subsided.
	www.scubalawyers.com /recrediver_nitrogen.html (302 words)

	Technical Scuba Diving Gear: Dive Computers,Nitrox Diving, cave diving gear, trimix
		With a concentration of approximately 79% nitrogen, compressed air poses two potential problems: susceptibility to nitrogen narcosis (a condition resembling alcoholic intoxication) at deeper depths; and decompression sickness (DCS).
		The main incentive to dive with non-air gas mixtures is to avoid nitrogen narcosis.
		Unlike nitrogen, helium is not known to have an intoxicating effect at any depth.
	www.hollywoodivers.com /tech_gear.html (697 words)

	dive hazards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Symptoms can come on immediately and leave just as fast so the cure for nitrogen narcosis if one starts to feel the effects is simply to ascend to a shallower depth before the symptoms get worse.
		If a diver descends to a depth, nitrogen is put under pressure causing the body to absorb more of it which is then carried in the blood in solution form.
		These two factors are that the longer you stay underwater, the more nitrogen you will absorb and also as you descend, you increase your nitrogen absorption.
	www.tstonramp.com /~dimitri2/hazards.htm (706 words)

	Diving Doctor - Diver Magazine
		So far, the most sensitive tests will not reliably show narcosis breathing air at less than 132 fsw (some recent tests might be reliable as shallow as 100 fsw) even though most experienced divers can notice the effect at much shallower depths.
		The combination of all of these factors make narcosis research very difficult to conduct in an accurate and reliable fashion so that the results are trustworthy.
		Finally, divers are able to reliably detect narcosis at partial pressures of nitrogen far less than those required to produce reliable scientific results.
	divermag.com /archives/dec96/divedoctor_Dec96.html (1518 words)

	UKDivers.net - Senses - Underwater Perceptions
		Nitrogen Narcosis is like a mild dose of anaesthesia.
		Nitrogen at higher partial pressures alters the electrical properties of cerebral cellular membranes, causing the anaesthetic effect we call nitrogen narcosis.
		General research suggests that the more exposed a diver is to Nitrogen narcosis the less it affects them.
	www.ukdivers.net /physiology/narcosis.htm (976 words)

	Howstuffworks "The Bends and Other Diving Hazards"
		At normal atmospheric pressure, some nitrogen and oxygen is dissolved in the fluid portions of your blood and tissues.
		Nitrogen narcosis can impair your judgement and make you feel relaxed or even sleepy -- meaning you could start to ignore your instruments, your dive buddy and even drown.
		Narcosis comes on suddenly and without warning, but can be relieved by ascending to a shallower depth because the nitrogen starts to come out of solution as pressure decreases.
	www.howstuffworks.com /scuba2.htm (1274 words)

	CHEMINFO: Nitrogen gas
		Nitrogen is the main component of air, comprising 78 to 79% by volume.
		Nitrogen can displace air to the point where there is not enough oxygen to breathe.
		Nitrogen gas at room temperature, injected into the front chamber of the eyes of rabbits, is non-toxic and is absorbed in two or three days.(9)
	intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/nitrogen/cie56.htm (1228 words)

	Nitrogen definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Nitrogen is a constituent of protein and nucleic acids and is present in all living cells.
		Nitrogen does not support respiration and is fatal if breathed alone, because of the lack of oxygen.
		Nitrogen is soluble in the blood and body fluids and, when released as bubbles of gas, can have serious or even fatal consequences.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=32780 (152 words)

	Effects of Gas Pressure at Depth: Nitrogen Narcosis, CO and CO2 Toxicity, Oxygen Toxicity, and "Shallow-Water ...
		Nitrogen narcosis, also called "rapture of the deep" and "the martini effect," results from a direct toxic effect of high nitrogen pressure on nerve conduction.
		Nitrogen narcosis is a highly variable sensation but always depth-related.
		Unlike other gases normally inhaled (nitrogen and oxygen), or gases that could be inhaled under abnormal conditions (CO and other gas impurities), the CO level in the blood is unchanged by the ambient pressure (i.e., the depth) per se.
	www.lakesidepress.com /pulmonary/books/scuba/gaspress.htm (4859 words)

	Scuba Diving Philippines, all about nitrogen narcosis
		Nitrogen narcosis is a state of reduced perceptive faculty.
		Nitrogen and the rare gases in the air are of no importance for breathing, as they do not react chemically in the body.
		To see the symptoms of nitrogen narcosis in/with your buddy is very difficult.
	www.octopusdivers.org /Tauchshop/nitrogen_narcosis.html (403 words)

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