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Topic: Nitrogen tetroxide

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Dinitrogen tetroxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Dinitrogen pentoxide

UDMH

MMH

Aerozine 50

Hydrazine

Hypergolic

Phase (matter)

Cryogenic fuel

Titan III

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	Nitrogen tetroxide -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nitrogen tetroxide is a brownish yellow liquid which is easily vaporized.
		Nitrogen tetroxide is always in equilibrium with (A highly poisonous brown gas (NO2)) nitrogen dioxide (NO) and some nitrogen dioxide will be present in any quantity of nitrogen tetroxide (higher temperatures push the equilibrium towards nitrogen dioxide).
		Nitrogen tetroxide is sometimes a component of (Air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog) smog.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ni/nitrogen_tetroxide.htm (741 words)

	Nitrogen dioxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nitrogen dioxide is in constant equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide.
		Nitrogen dioxide rarely exists as a liquid or solid because almost all of it will be converted to dinitrogen tetroxide.
		Nitrogen dioxide is one of the most prominent air pollutants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide (391 words)

	ATSDR - MMG: Nitrogen Oxides
		The most hazardous of the nitrogen oxides are nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide; the latter exists in equilibrium with its dimer, nitrogen tetroxide.
		Nitrogen dioxide is a corrosive substance that forms nitric and nitrous acids upon contact with water; it is more acutely toxic than nitric oxide, except at lethal concentrations when nitric oxide may kill more rapidly.Nitric oxide is a potent and rapid inducer of methemoglobinemia.
		The diagnosis of acute nitrogen oxide toxicity is primarily based on respiratory symptoms and establishing a history of exposure to nitrogen oxides.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg175.html (5028 words)

	Artemis Project: Lunar Dinitrogen Tetroxide Production
		However, dinitrogen tetroxide is 69.6% oxygen, which can be readily extracted from lunar minerals, and indeed a lunar oxygen extraction pilot plant will be carried on the first mission.
		Nitrogen can be separated from unreacted oxygen in the waste stream by diffusion through a molecular sieve.
		Nitrogen dioxide reacts reversibly with water to produce nitric acid and nitric oxide.
	www.asi.org /adb/02/15/05/dinitrogen-tetroxide-production.html (1333 words)

	N2O4/Alumizine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nitrogen tetroxide consists principally of the tetroxide in equilibrium with a small amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
		Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) has a characteristic reddish-brown colour in both liquid and gaseous phases.
		Nitrogen dioxide is made by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia; steam is used as a diluent to reduce the combustion temperature.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/props/n2oizine.htm (309 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nitrogen Tetroxide: Chemical Formula - N2O4 Boiling point - 294 K Specific gravity - 1.44 Nitrogen Tetroxide is the most common storable oxidizer used today but its liquid temperature range is narrow and it is easily frozen or vapourized.
		Nitrogen tetroxide is a storable high performance oxidizer but it is not readily available in the required concentrations or quantities that we require.
		Nitrogen has a molecular weight of 28 as opposed to helium which has a molecular weight of 4, ie nitrogen has a 7 fold increase in weight as opposed to an equivalent requirement of helium.
	www.sworld.com.au /steven/space/ausroc/ausroc3/a3motor.txt (2992 words)

	Should Liquid Fuels Spill, Consequences Can Be Deadly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The following descriptions of the effects of exposure to the hydrazines and to nitrogen tetroxide are drawn from "Medical Manifestations of Exposure to Nitrogen Tetroxide and Hydrazine Propellants," by Col. Bruce J. Poitrast and Col. Karen A. Meier.
		Nitrogen tetroxide exists in equilibrium with nitrogen dioxide, or N02.
		Chronic, low level exposure to nitrogen tetroxide or nitrogen dioxide has been linked with increased susceptibility to respiratory infection by bacteria or virus.
	www.environment-hawaii.org /893should.htm (1045 words)

	Raising the Curtain on the Spaceport Follies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Assume for a moment that a spill of one container of nitrogen tetroxide occurs at the intersection of Banyan Drive and Highway 11 on a day when winds are from the south (as happens about 15 percent of the time in Hilo).
		As an example, consider the estimated concentration of nitrogen tetroxide 20 meters downwind of a spill at that same Hilo intersection.
		At the lethal concentrations of nitrogen tetroxide in which these workers would be engulfed, there's little point to personal protective equipment.
	www.environment-hawaii.org /893edit.htm (1832 words)

	Historical Science Textbooks Online (cont) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Roughly the composition by volume is one-fifth oxygen and four-fifths nitrogen, as may be seen in the experiment given on page 69, where, burning phosphorus in a limited space of air, the oxygen combines with the phosphorus, and the residual nitrogen is about four fifths of the volume taken.
		The nitrogen dioxide thus acts the part of a carrier of oxygen to the sulphur dioxide, this latter gas not being able to combine with the free oxygen of the air, but being able to reduce the nitrogen tetroxide.
		Theoretically, a relatively small quantity of the nitrogen dioxide should be able to effect the oxidation of any amount of sulphur dioxide; but, practically, a larger supply is necessary, as a good deal is lost, going off with the residual nitrogen of the air.
	www.ntu.edu.au /education/wardcont.htm (12273 words)

	Acrylate-butadiene graft copolymers and reinforced plastic compositions containing such copolymers - Patent 4065521 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The amount of dinitrogen tetroxide utilized in the first stage which can be varied over a wide range generally will be from about 0.00001 to 0.01 mole per gram of the backbone polymer charged to the reactor: the actual amount employed depends on the C.dbd.C equivalents/grams of backbone polymer desired to be reacted.
		The dinitrogen tetroxide may be introduced into the reactor in liquid form although preferably it is added as a gas and usually in admixture with an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, etc. The reaction time is normally between about 1/2 and 10 hours although longer or shorter periods may be employed.
		It is to be noted that the nitrating agent, dinitrogen tetroxide, is actually an equilibrium mixture of dinitrogen tetroxide and nitrogen dioxide with the equilibrium being driven to essentially 100% nitrogen dioxide at 140.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4065521.html (5291 words)

	Explosion due to corrosion by process chemicals
		On September 14, 1995, nitrogen tetroxide vapors had leaked at a valve on the tank car while it was at the Gaylord plant.
		To prevent corrosion damage from nitric acid, which results when water reacts with nitrogen tetroxide, Gaylord decided to transfer the contaminated material from the tank car and storage tank into stainless steel highway cargo tank trailers.
		These results were unexpected because Gaylord believed that on October 13 the nitrogen tetroxide had been unloaded from the tank car and that the residue had been diluted with water.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /ProcessIndustry/Bogalusa-explosion.htm (1375 words)

	Nitrogen Tetroxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nitrogen dioxide is an equilibrium between NO2 and N2O4, with approximately 80% N2O4 and 20% NO2 @ 21 C. Used as a catalyst in certain oxidation reactions, as a polymerisation inhibitor of acrylates during distillation, as an oxidising agent and a rocket fuel.
		Other uses include nitrating agent for organic compounds and explosives, the manufacture of oxidised cellulose compounds (hemostatic cotton), a bleaching agent for flour, the manufacture of liquid exposives and for increasing the wet strength of paper.
		In presence of moisture, the material is corrosive to aluminium, zinc and tin producing highly flammable hydrogen gas.
	homepage.powerup.com.au /~draymond/space/n2o4.htm (1573 words)

	U.S. Air Force Delays Launch of Classified Spy Satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		About 50 gallons of nitrogen tetroxide spilled and created a small but dangerous red plume of gas at about 6 p.m.
		Nitrogen tetroxide is a corrosive and deadly chemical that acts as the oxidizer in powering the Titan 4B’s first and second stages.
		Known as hypergolic propellant, nitrogen and tetroxide is combined with hydrazine in an engine combustion chamber, where the two chemicals spontaneously ignite in what is often described as a "very fast burn." The resulting gases are expelled through a nozzle to create thrust.
	www.space.com /spacenews/archive03/spyarch_090203.html (467 words)

	NASA WSTF HEBF Propellant Reaction Characterization Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The objective of these tests is to determine the overpressure environments (near- and far-field) that are produced by monomethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide mixtures under specific distributed mixing conditions.
		It was determined that monomethylhydrazine would be placed into glass ampules (approximately 1 liter), sealed, and secured in a sealed test pan for the monomethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide tests.
		Nitrogen tetroxide would be placed into 1 liter dewars for the liquid hydrogen and nitrogen tetroxide tests.
	www.wstf.nasa.gov /Hazard/Explosion/HEBFReaction.htm (206 words)

	Nitric Dioxide Data Sheet
		Nitrogen dioxide is a yellowish-brown gas with a characteristic pungent, acrid odor.
		Nitrogen dioxide is soluble in water at which time it reacts to form nitric acid.
		Nitrogen dioxide exposure in low doses can cause irritation of the eyes and throat, headache, nausea, and gradual loss of strength.
	www.indsci.com /sup_gi_tox_no2.asp (150 words)

	NTSB - Abstract HZB-98/01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A quality check had been conducted on the nitrogen tetroxide before it was transferred to the tank car, and it was found to meet the specifications of the Gaylord Chemical Corporation.
		On October 12, Gaylord mechanics began transferring nitrogen tetroxide from the tank car to a storage tank.
		Gaylord determined that several cargo tanks had gaskets and valves that were not appropriate for nitrogen tetroxide and fuming nitric acid and between October 17 and 20 replaced these gaskets and valves.
	www.ntsb.gov /publictn/1998/HZB9801.htm (1752 words)

	NITROGEN DIOXIDE IN WORKPLACE ATMOSPHERES (ION CHROMATOGRAPHY) - (Inorganic Method #182)
		Nitrogen dioxide is trapped and converted to nitrite in the presence of TEA and water.
		Nitrogen dioxide is classified as a respiratory irritant and the route of exposure is mainly inhalation.
		Nitrogen dioxide can be collected at this flow rate; however, a longer sampling time will be necessary to collect a detectable amount of NO than for a
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/inorganic/id182/id182.html (2622 words)

	[No title]
		Nitrogen tetroxide is a red fluid with a sweet, pungent smell.
		It can be produced naturally in grain silos, and unintended release of nitrogen tetroxide has caused death in grain facilities.
		One study states that exposure to just one part per million of nitrogen tetroxide is debilitating enough to increase the instance of respiratory infection.
	www.glade.net /news2/feb3-25399.html (652 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Nitrous Dioxide : Article by Jeffrey S Peterson, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nitrogen dioxide toxicity is also observed in environments where NO is formed from noncombustion sources.
		These include silo fillers, where nitrogen oxides are a byproduct of anaerobic fermentation of crops, and indoor ice skating rinks, where the gas is generated by the propane-driven ice cleaning machine, the Zamboni.
		Nitrogen dioxide initiates free radical generation in the terminal bronchioles, resulting in protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and subsequent cell membrane damage.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic847.htm (2511 words)

	nitrogen tetroxide
		SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Exposure to nitrogen oxides is usually via inhalation and may result in acute or chronic changes of the pulmonary system including pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, fibrosing bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, emphysema and possibly methemoglobinemia.
		Volatile organics and nitrogen oxides are emitted by transportation and industrial sources.
		Oxides of nitrogen are emitted in the combustion of fossil fuels.
	www.gasdetection.com /TECH/n2o4.html (4159 words)

	Titan (launch vehicle)
		In 1958, the Air Force gave Martin the go-ahead to develop an improved and far more powerful version of the Titan I which would burn fuels that could remain stored in the missile’s fuel tanks for long periods, enabling the missile to be ready for near-immediate launches.
		Aerojet-General first and second stage engines based on those of the Titan I were modified to burn UDMH (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine) and nitrogen tetroxide, substances that could be stored at room temperature for months.
		Each engine could produce a thrust of 35,500 N, giving the Transtage a total thrust of 71,000 N. The Titan IIIA was later modified to carry an Agena third stage in a version introduced as the Titan IIIB Agena.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/T/Titan_rocket.html (2528 words)

	American Metal Market: Micro-orifice injector for rocket engine built via electro-deposition - Rockwell International ...
		The sealing elements between the propellants and the turbine hot gas were selected to be labyrinth serals with the exception of the intermediate seal beteween the nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer and the turbine hot gas sections.
		This seal is a dual carbon floating ring seal with an intermediate helium purge because of the need for keeping nitrogen tetroxide from entering the turbine section.
		A carbon hydrostatic bearing was selected for use in the oxidizer end of the turbopump since the material is compatible with monomethyldrazine and the bearing design allowed the shaft to ride on a fluid film during operation.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3MKT/is_v93/ai_4062365 (1189 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		"We are happy to see this all come together and operate like we expected and as the tests indicated it would." The Space Shuttle uses nitrogen tetroxide as the oxidizer for the hypergolic propellant in its on-orbit reaction control system.
		When the oxidizer is transferred from ground storage tanks into the Shuttle storage tanks - and during maintenance operations - some nitrogen tetroxide vapor develops as a by-product.
		The Improved Nitrogen Tetroxide Scrubber system traps the vapor in water and then uses hydrogen peroxide to produce nitric acid.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /space/news/2000/04-06.txt (491 words)

	4/22/2002 - Knoxville Firm Has Model For Enhanced Fuel Efficiency - Business - Chattanoogan.com
		As the nitrogen tetroxide moves through the compressor and is heated, it dissociates into nitrogen dioxide, then dissociates further into nitric oxide and oxygen.
		After passing through the expansion turbine the elements cool and recombine into nitrogen tetroxide by the time it reaches the compressor, where the cycle begins all over again.
		Because nitrogen tetroxide has three times the density of air, and because much less work is required to operate the compressor, the TEC turbine will create higher power output than the traditional air system.
	www.chattanoogan.com /articles/article_20924.asp (491 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Last October, a tank car of nitrogen tetroxide began leaking a reddish gas and, 50 minutes later, the tank ruptured, sending a huge cloud of gas over the city.
		When combined with water, such as in the lungs, nitrogen tetroxide creates nitric acid, which can cause lung damage and possibly be fatal.
		Gaylord officials say they notified town officials that the chemical was nitrogen tetroxide at about 4:17 p.m.
	911dispatch.com /stories/stories_96/story-6-jun96.html (519 words)

	nitrogen tetroxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In dermatology, liquid nitrogen is commonly used to freeze benign growths, precancers, and skin cancers.
		Liquid nitrogen is used more often than carbon dioxide snow or other cryogens.
		Liquid Nitrogen, which is extremely cold, has been successfully used by dermatologists to effectively treat many kinds of skin...
	nitrogen.hdvforum.net /nitrogen-tetroxide.php (324 words)

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