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	Nivkh language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nivkh or Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin.
		The population of ethnic Nivkhs been reasonably stable over the past century, with 4,549 Nivkhs counted in 1897, and 4,673 in 1989.
		However, the number of native speakers of the Nivkh language among these has dropped from 100% to 23.3% in the same period, so that there are now just over 1,000 first-language speakers left.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nivkh_language (217 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		The Nivkhs live in the Far East, on the Lower Amur, on the coast of the Ohkotsk Sea on the river's estuary, and on Sakhalin Island (Yh-mif in the Nivkh language).
		The Nivkhs are considered to be the descendants of the oldest neolithic population of the Lower Amur and Sakhalin Island.
		The spoken language remained in the educational sphere a little longer, used in nursery classes, but soon it was banished from there on the pretext that, all children could speak Russian anyway and consequently there was no need for schooling in their mother tongue.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/nivkhs.shtml (1454 words)

	Endangered Languages of Siberia - The Nivkh language
		In education the Nivkh language is taught as a subject until the 3 grade in three primary schools and two secondary schools of the Sakhalin and Khabarovsk district.
		The Nivkh language is used restrictedly in families, private life, personal contacts, traditional economical activities, national rituals and generally by the people of elder generation, the younger generation does not know the language or has bad command of it.
		The Nivkh folklore is a distinctive phenomenon of the Nivkh language culture.
	lingsib.iea.ras.ru /en/languages/nivkh.shtml (1342 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Nivkhs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Nivkhs (also Nivkh or Gilyak; ethnonym: Nivxi; language, Ð½Ð¸Ð²ÑÐ³Ñ - Nivxgu) are an indigenous people inhabiting the region of the Amur River estuary and on nearby Sakhalin Island.
		The Nivkhs suffered severely from the Cossack conquest and imposition of the Tsarist Russian penal policy which turned the whole island of Sakhalin into a penal settlement.
		At present, the Nivkhs living in the North of Sakhalin island see their future threatened by the giant offshore oil extraction projects known as Sakhalin I and Sakhalin II.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Nivkhs (424 words)

	Travel East Russia - Facts and stories about the Amur River
		The local Nivkh museum is one that is extremely interesting and local Nivkh families offer opportunities to participate in a typical Nivkh meal and visit a typical Nivkh and Orok village alongside the Sakhalin coastline.
		The Nivkhs live in the Far East, on the Lower Amur, on the coast of the Ohotsk Sea on the river's estuary and on Sakhalin Island.
		Nivkh houses in winter were traditionally dug into the ground, while in summer; houses were built on piles near the salmon spawning rivers.
	www.traveleastrussia.com /nivkhs.html (1011 words)

	SKY Journal of Linguistics, vol 15:2002
		The focus is also on the influence of the contact languages on the phonological structure of Finnish Romani, in particular the Finnish effect that manifests itself especially in the form of several articulatory reduction rules.
		Nivkh data, which are based on the author's own fieldwork, appear to conform to the reasonably well established hypothesis that language obsolescence results in a general simplification and reduction of a language system, especially with regard to the linguistic features which are not shared by Nivkh and the dominant Russian language.
		In a language shift situation characteristics of linguistic proficiency in many cases reflects not the actual language proficiency, but rather the person's position on the generation scale and community expectations concerning language proficiency determined by age.
	www.ling.helsinki.fi /sky/julkaisut/SKY2002_abstracts.shtml (1518 words)

	John Benjamins: Book details for Dependent-Head Synthesis in Nivkh [TSL 57]
		For this purpose, a new delimitation and classification of polysynthesis is proposed on the basis of an evaluation of 75 languages.
		She thereby demonstrates that Nivkh represents a new type of dependent-head synthesis, one that leads the language to make a number of other unusual choices, for instance in the syntax of relative clauses.
		Her novel analysis of Nivkh morphosyntax in terms of dependent-head synthesis,by which modifiers are morphologically joined to their heads, and governees to their governors, makes a compelling case for recognizing a type of morphological complexity that, although it partly resembles polysynthesis, does not fit easily into existing typological categories.
	www.benjamins.nl /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=TSL_57 (687 words)

	Nivkh language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nivkh or Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) (language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin.
		Gilyak is a language isolate, i.e., it does not appear to be related to any other language.
		You can find it there under the keyword Nivkhs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivkhs)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nivkhsandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Nivkhs (378 words)

	Nivkh
		Nivkh language and culture is taught in the school, and we were shown their very fine ethnic museum.
		The Nivkh teachers are very talented in the traditional arts and we saw their work on clothes and in model carvings of boats and sleds.
		In recent years there have been restrictions on the number of fish that the Nivkh people are allowed to catch, so the amount of yukula made is not enough for their usual requirements.
	www.sakhalintimes.com /images/travel.htm/nivkh.htm (1293 words)

	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: Nivkh/Negidal
		Many features of the Nivkh language are unique, especially the number system (in Nivkh there are about seven ways to express each number, depending upon the shape of the object being quantified).
		Several features link the modern Nivkh to the ancient Neolithic inhabitants of the Pacific coast: a settled way of life based on fishing, dugout dwellings, fishskin clothing as well as dogskin clothing, and a religious cult related to the worship of the river.
		The principal duty of the Nivkh shaman was to heal the sick.
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/ainuNivkh.htm (1614 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 26.
		Natural languages are context-bound and deixis ‘concerns the ways in which languages encode or grammaticalise features of the context of utterance or speech event, and thus also concerns ways in which the interpretation of utterances depends on the analysis of that context of utterance’ (Stephen Levinson).
		Innamincka Words is one of a pair of companion volumes on Yandruwandha, a dialect of the language formerly spoken on the Cooper and Strzelecki Creeks and the country to the north of the Cooper, in the northeast corner of South Australia and a neighbouring strip of Queensland.
		This is one of a pair of companion volumes on Yandruwandha, a dialect of the language formerly spoken on the Cooper and Strzelecki Creeks and the country to the north of the Cooper, in the northeast corner of South Australia and a neighbouring strip of Queensland.
	www.ogmios.org /2610.htm (1491 words)

	Gilyak Culture
		Nivkhs lived in the Far East on the Lower Amur, on the coast of the Ohkotsk Sea on the river’s estuary and on Sakhalin Island.
		The Nivkh language belongs to the Paleo-Asian language as a separate unit, and is still regarded as unconnected to another group or sub-group.
		The Nivkh are considered to be the oldest Neolithic descendants of the Lower Amur and Sakhalin Island.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/asia/gilyak.html (821 words)

	The Nivkhs
		Various Nivkh tribes have also named themselves according to the area they are settled in, for example Chombing - 'the people on the River Chom' and Mybing - 'the people on the River My'.
		The Nivkhs live in the Far East, on the Lower Amur, on the coast of the Ohkotskoe Sea on the river's estuary, and on Sakhalin Island (Yh-mif in the Nivkh language).
		The average temperature in July is 12 to 16 C and in January - 15 to 25 C. Anthropologically the Nivkhs belong to the Sakhalin-Amur subgroup of the Mongoloid racial type.
	russia.rin.ru /guides_e/4715.html (891 words)

	Endangered languages in Europe and North Asia
		Language boundaries must be corroborated by the more commonly cited criterion of mutual intelligibility to the extent that dialects of a single language must be mutually intelligible, but, obviously, there should be no requirement of total mutual unintelligibility between closely related languages.
		Language families, marked in boldface, and major branches appear as separate paragraphs, and the different levels of subbranches are represented by the number of horizontal bars between languages; some subbranches have specific names followed by a colon, while some do not.
		The languages and outlying dialects with an entry in the next section are marked in italics, and the extinct, or in a few specially discussed cases possibly extinct, varieties are followed by an asterisk.
	www.helsinki.fi /~tasalmin/chris.html (17752 words)

	Nivkh publications
		Cheredovanie perexodnyx glagolov nivxskogo yazyka, vyzovannoe fonologej [Phonologically driven allomorphy of Nivkh transitive verbs] In.
		Base-Identity and the Noun-Verb Asymmetry in Nivkh In D.Gilbers, M.Schreuder and N. Knevel eds.
		Phonologically driven allomorphy of Nivkh transitive verbs -With implications for the nature of prefix i-.
	ext-web.edu.sgu.ac.jp /hidetos/HTML/nivkhpublications.htm (261 words)

	MERCATOR :: NEWSLETTER 12 :: March 2005
		Language transfer, which includes, for the purposes of this symposium, subtitling and dubbing of both film and television as well as literary translation, is a multi-faceted phenomenon from the point of view of minority languages.
		Moreover, translation into minority languages not only increases the volume of available material in a marginalised language, but may have a wider cultural impact and contribute to the development of the language as a dynamic creative medium.
		Our research student Hidetoshi Shiriaishi and his Nivkh colleague have published a series of books with Nivkh stories, songs and conversation in which for the first time the corresponding spoken texts are recorded on a CD as part of the books.
	www.mercator-central.org /newsletter/newsletter12.htm (2212 words)

	Japanese people oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Their languages make up the Ryukyuan language family, one of the two branches of the Japonic language family, the other one being Japanese and its dialects.
		The languages of Spain and Portugal came into being with a blend of Latin and local dialects and so it is this and the need to differenciate between the south of the northern American continent, the United States of America, and the southern continent itself that brought about the term 'Latin America'.
		The language and peoples of Latin America are not connected to the Latium region of Italy and do not speak the ancient Latin language.
	www.oddd.org /en/Japanese+people (10945 words)

	[No title]
		Nivkh is a genetically isolated language spoken on the island of Sakhalin and in the Lower Amur region (the Russian Federation).
		This rate is sufficiently low to regard the language as being in danger of disappearance.
		Considering the number of active speakers of Nivkh, we have to hasten ourselves to collect and preserve linguistic materials.
	www.rug.nl /let/onderzoek/onderzoekinstituten/clcg/projects/shiraishi (360 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.3388: Language Description: Gruzdeva
		Title: Nivkh Series Title: Languages of the World/Materials 111 Publication Year: 2003 Publisher: Lincom GmbH www.lincom-europa.com http://lincom.at Author: Ekaterina Gruzdeva, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Paperback: ISBN: 3895860395, Pages: 60, Price: EUR 29.20 Abstract: Nivkh (otherwise known as Gilyak) is considered genetically isolated, though is traditionally classified as Paleasiberian.
		It is the language of a small nationality (4,700 people) presently residing mainly at the lower reaches of the Amur River in the far east on the Asian continent and on Sakhalin Island (Russia).
		Nivkh is well-known for its nu= merous converbs, which number is about 30.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/14/14-3388.html (394 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Nivkh language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nivkh language - a genetically isolated language, conventionally affiliated with the group of Paleoasian languages.
		Spoken in the the Sakhalin region and in the lower reaches of the River Amur (Khabarovsk region).
		The number of the Nivkhs in Russia is 4,6 thousand.
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_nivh.html (129 words)

	APM - Divided Lives
		Out of Karafuto's total Uilta and Nivkh population of about 400, more than 50 are known to have died during the war or from the effects of life in the labour camps.
		As far as the government was concerned, the Uilta and Nivkh, as "native" colonial subjects, had never been eligible for armed service; the Japanese officers who had recruited them had had no authority to recruit troops; and Gendanu and his comrades had never officially served in the Japanese armed forces.
		In some areas with substantial Nivkh populations, Nivkh language classes were introduced into schools, Nivkh textbooks were published, and in 1990 the indigenous people of the Poronaisk region established a collective devoted to language revival and to making and selling traditional craft products.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /SpecialProj/APM/TXT/morris-s-01-96.html (3985 words)

	CAUSE in NIvkh
		They are very productive, so that they are often regarded as representative causative structure of this language.
		We will try to formulate the basic principle of the causative structure, which can be regarded as one of the typological prototypes of causation in general.
		But the majority of transitive verbs of this language can not take a causee in the place of the grammatical subject.
	www.ne.jp /asahi/kaneko-tohru/languages-nowar/newpage35.htm (2722 words)

	Free information of Ainu language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It is sometimes grouped with the Paleosiberian languages, but this is merely a cover term for several isolates and small language families believed to have been present in Siberia prior to the arrival of Turkic languages and Tungusic languages speakers; it is not a proper language family.
		Most linguists believe the shared vocabulary between Ainu and Nivkh language (spoken in the northern half of Sakhalin and on the Asian mainland facing it) is due to Loanword ; there are also loanword s both from Ainu to Japanese and Japanese to Ainu.
		Officially, the Ainu language is written in a modified version of the Japanese language syllabary katakana.
	ainu.language.en.qcat.org (9291 words)

	MERCATOR :: NEWSLETTER 13 :: April 2005
		Part of his work concerns the minority situation for two ethnic minorities and their languages: the Ainu of Japan and the Nivkh of Sakhalin.
		One of his tasks consists of the study of archive material in Sapporo (in particular at the Slavic Research Center) and the analysis of recordings made for the Ainu language and the Nivkh language and to set up an acoustic database for these languages and their oral literature and folklore.
		The main objective for this conference was to inform the language communities in the Baltic Sea area about the EU, Council of Europe and other initiatives such as Mercator as well as to provide information about the situation of the language commmunities in this region.
	www.mercator-central.org /newsletter/newsletter17.htm (1751 words)

	Direct Textbooks Price Comparison for ISBN 0691044325: In the Soviet House of Culture: A Century of Perestroikas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Nivkh were faced with a dual loss, that of their native identity, which had been suppressed, and then their Soviet one as well.
		Although they enjoyed a rich religious and economic life (trading with Japan, China, Korea, and the Russians too), had their own language and folkways, the Nivkh were classed at the bottom of the human hierarchy because they weren't Christian or literate, didn't have a written history.
		For example, Nivkh "denials of culture" do not seem to be "strategic inversions" providing Nivkhi "symbolic capital amid the ruins" of the myths of traditional culture and Soviet society (158).
	www.directtextbook.com /price.php?q=0691044325&p=prices&shippingtime=10 (1916 words)

	Italian Language Schools and Italian Language Courses in italy: learn italian in italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The most important point to understand about our Italian language school is the emphasis we place on personalised attention, which means that you are guaranteed a rewarding Italian-immersion experience in the classroom and through our comprehensive extra-curricular activities.
		For example you can attend an Italian language course (Intensive courses, Intensive-plus, conversation courses or a individual courses) featuring a choice of intensities; or you can attend a Business Italian course, Italian for law, or a course about Italian art and about italian literature.
		CELI and CILS certifications of Italian as foreign language are recognized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
	porta-doriente.com /learn-italian-in-italy/.../Languages_of_Eurasia (604 words)

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