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Topic: Nkomati Accord

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	Nkomati Accord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nkomati Accord was a nonagression treaty signed in 1984 between Mozambique and the Republic of South Africa.
		The event took place at the South African town of Komatipoort with the signatories being Samora Machel and PW Botha.
		Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa: Regional Directions after the Nkomati Accord (Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1987).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nkomati_Accord (146 words)

	Mozambique - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1984 Nkomati Accord, while failing in its goal of ending South African support to RENAMO, opened initial diplomatic contacts between the Mozambican and South African governments.
		According to the national census, about 20%-30% of the population is Christian (with Catholicism as the largest denomination), 15%-20% is Muslim, and the remainder adheres to traditional beliefs.
		Among the main Protestant churches are Igreja União Baptista de Moçambique, the Assembleias de Deus, the Seventh-day Adventists, the Anglican Church of Mozambique, the Igreja do Evangelho Completo de Deus, the Igreja Metodista Unida, the Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique, the Igreja de Cristo and the Assembleia Evangélica de Deus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mozambique (3726 words)

	Mozambique - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Mozambique
		In 1984 he signed the Nkomati Accord, under which South Africa agreed to deny facilities to the MNR, and Mozambique in return agreed not to provide bases for the banned ANC.
		A peace accord was agreed in August 1992 by President Chissano and the MNR leader, Afonso Dhlakama, but fighting by right-wing rebels continued.
		The accord provided for the two contending armies to be demobilized and replaced by a unified army, followed by multiparty elections.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Mozambique (1228 words)

	Nkomati Accord - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Nkomati Accord
		Mozambique was forced to enter into the accord because of the state of its economy, and it proved to be a largely one-sided arrangement, with South Africa seldom honouring its obligations.
		Despite this, the two countries reiterated their commitments to it, and set up a joint security commission to keep the situation under review.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Nkomati+Accord (115 words)

	US S Africa wars
		In Namibia, to help "end the guerrilla warfare that has continued in northern Namibia and southern Angola for 15 years"; to seek the removal of Cuban troops from Angola; to seek a "peaceful solution" of the Namibian question which would allow South Africa to retain control of the country and yet be acceptable internationally.
		The strategy chosen was essentially an extension of the military doctrine of coercive diplomacy, according to which a nation can sometimes achieve certain limited political objectives by combining carefully measured doses of military force with diplomacy.
		The Nkomati accord, signed on the Mozambique/South Africa border, is also beginning to break down.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /US_ThirdWorld/US_SAfrica_wars.html (3785 words)

	Profile - Mozambique
		After a peace accord ended the civil war in 1992, the United Nations (UN) coordinated a large program to restore the economy; the program’s priorities were the resettling of refugees and reopening of ports and communication facilities.
		Under the accord, Mozambique agreed to end its support for the African National Congress, which was battling South Africa’s rigid policy of racial segregation known as apartheid.
		In the 1994 elections that followed the accord, Frelimo won by what many observers believed was a surprisingly narrow margin.
	www.inadev.org /profile_-_mozambique.htm (5884 words)

	JACOB GEDLEYIHLEKISA ZUMA
		He also served as Deputy Chief Representative of the ANC in Mozambique, a post he occupied until the signing of the Nkomati Accord between the Mozambican and South African governments in 1984.
		After signing the Accord, he was appointed as Chief Representative of the ANC and was one of a few who remained in Mozambique to carry out the work of the organisation, crossing in and out of South Africa on a number of occasions.
		In 1990, at the first Regional Congress of the ANC in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), he was elected Chairperson of the Southern Natal region and took a leading role in fighting violence in the region.
	www.arib.info /ZumaJacobbio.htm (1370 words)

	Mozambique: Key Actors in the War and Peace Process
		In 1984, the South African authorities signed the Nkomati accord with the Mozambican government and mediated direct talks between leading representatives of Frelimo and Renamo.
		The US sought to play a central role in the peace process in Mozambique, pressuring President Machel to sign the Nkomati accord in 1984, and later providing background technical support as well as political pressure during the Rome talks.
		Starting with the ill-fated Nkomati accord of 1984, chief executive ‘Tiny’ Rowland (right) played a significant role in the peace process, using his private jet to shuttle mediators and representatives of the warring parties between African capitals.
	www.c-r.org /our-work/accord/mozambique/key-actors.php (4066 words)

	Resistëncia Nacional Moçambicana (Mozambique)
		South African commitment to the accord was questionable, however, and violence continued.
		Despite continuing disagreements over the implementation of the peace accord and the integration of RENAMO into the Mozambican political process, the disarmament of RENAMO progressed in the early 1990's with the help of the United Nations, and thousands of its fighters were integrated into the Mozambican Armed Forces.
		RENAMO finally participated in nationwide elections in 1994, gaining 37.7 percent of the vote and maintaining a generally regional base of support in the North and Central regions.
	flagspot.net /flags/mz}rnm.html (858 words)

	The White House's Confusing Signals on Mozambique
		While Machel has observed the requirement of the so-called Nkomati Accord between South Africa and Mozambique by ending his aid to the radical African National Congress in South Africa, the Accord has not led to any fundamental shift in Mozambique's foreign or domestic policies.
		THE NKOMATI PACT AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS The Nkomati pact, signed by Mozambican President Somora Machel and South African President P W. Botha on March 15, 1984 pledged both sides to prevent "armed bands" from organizing within their respective territories.
		When Nkomati was signed RENAMO operated in nine of Mozambique's ten provinces; now they are active in all ten.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Africa/bg455.cfm (2729 words)

	Southern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Machel managed to make peace with South Africa under the Nkomati Accord in 1984, re-established friendly relations with the USA and toured Europe.
		In December, a partial ceasefire was agreed and in 1991 peace talks were held in Rome, resulting in a peace accord.
		This was ignored by right-wing groups at first but signed later in the year, providing for the rival armies demobilisation within six months and a general election within a year.
	www.gaminggeeks.org /Resources/KateMonk/Africa/Southern/Mozambique.htm (551 words)

	Komatipoort - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Situated on the railway line to the nearby country of Mozambique, Komatipoort also serves as a customs post.
		The town is probably most famous for the Nkomati Accord that was signed here in 1984.
		This South Africa location article is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Komatipoort (112 words)

	AllRefer.com - Angola - Angola as a Refuge \| Angolan Information Resource
		The Lusaka Accord of February 1984 provided for a cease-fire, South African withdrawal, and relocation of SWAPO under FAPLA control to monitored camps north of a neutral zone along the Namibian border.
		The regional accords required Angola to restrict PLAN to an area north of 16° south latitude, about 150 kilometers from the Namibian border.
		South Africa accused SWAPO of violating the agreement by remaining in the proscribed area and intensifying its operations from a military command headquarters at Xangongo.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/angola/angola185.html (967 words)

	STATEMENT ON THE PEACE ACCORD IN MOZAMBIQUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The ANC congraculates all those who facilitated and brokered the Peace Accord, particulary Presidents Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and Quett Masire of Botswana.
		It is the hope of the ANC that the Peace Accord will bring lasting peace in Mozambique so that the reconstruction of the country will proceed as a matter of urgency.
		The ANC appeals to all of Mozambique's neighbours, particularly South Africa, to respect the Peace Accord religiously so that we do not have a repeat of the broken promises of the Nkomati Accord.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/pr/1992/pr1005b.html (127 words)

	INCORE: Conflict Data Service: Peace Agreements
		In 1994 the UN sponsored Lusaka peace accords were signed between the ruling MPLA and the guerrilla opposition UNITA.
		Many of the Lusaka accords (for example, relating to government access to UNITA controlled territory and the demobilisation of armed groups) have yet to be implemented.
		Primary texts from the Mozambican Peace Process, including the Nkomati Talks, the Nairobi Talks, and the Rome Process, are documented here by Accord, at Conciliation Resources.
	www.incore.ulst.ac.uk /services/cds/agreements/africa.html (571 words)

	The Commonwealth Report
		Several states have entered into 'non-aggression pacts' or security agreements with South Africa in an attempt to stave off further attacks; the Lusaka Accord of February 1984 with Angola and the Nkomati Accord of March 1984 with Mozambique are the best known of these.
		While we are not determining the nature or extent of any measures which might be adopted, or their effectiveness, we point to the fact that the Government of South Africa has itself used economic measures against its neighbours and that such measures are patently instruments of its own national policy.
		You may recall that the text of the Accord together with the composition of our Group was transmitted at the request of the Commonwealth Secretary-General to your Government on 25 November by the diplomatic representatives of Australia, Britain and Canada.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/commonwealth/eminent4.html (9448 words)

	BookRags: Joaquim Alberto Chissano Biography
		For instance, because Chissano never trusted the South African government, he neither took active participation in the drawing up of the Nkomati Accord in 1984 nor was involved in the signing ceremony.
		But as minister of foreign affairs he tried to have good relations with the West, where he found both Great Britain and the United States more sympathetic to the Mozambique situation than to the Angolan government on the other side of the continent.
		In his inaugural speech on November 6 Chissano pledged Mozambique's continued adherence to the Nkomati Accord, even though he had always doubted South Africa's commitment to the agreement.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/joaquim-alberto-chissano (1598 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		By 1993, U.S. aid to Mozambique was prominent, due in part to significant emergency food assistance in the wake of the 1991-93 southern African drought, but more importantly in support of the peace and reconciliation process.
		During the process leading up to elections in October 1994, the United State s served as a significant financier and member of the most important commissions established to monitor implementation of the Rome General Peace Accords.
		The United States is one of the largest bilateral donors to the country and plays a leading role in donor efforts to assist Mozambique with its ongoing economic and political transitions.
	www.traveldocs.com /mz/foreign.htm (936 words)

	Care For Life
		In 1982, Renamo, sponsored by the apartheid government in South Africa as well as the United States launched a series of attacks on transport routes, schools and health clinics, and the country descended into civil war.
		In 1984, Mozambique negotiated the Nkomati Accord with P. Botha and the South African government, in which Mozambique was to expel the African National Congress in exchange for South Africa stopping support of Renamo.
		Mozambique complied, but South Africa reneged, and continued to supply the rebels, and the war continued.
	www.careforlife.org /history3.php (237 words)

	Msabaha and Shaw (1987) Confrontation and liberation in southern Africa: Regional directions after the Nkomati Accord (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Msabaha and Shaw (1987) Confrontation and liberation in southern Africa: Regional directions after the Nkomati Accord
		Confrontation and liberation in southern Africa: Regional directions after the Nkomati Accord
		To view the the latter's ratings, click on Chapters/Papers/Articles in the STATISTICS box, select a publication from the list that appears, and then click on either Quality or Interest in that publication's STATISTICS box.
	www.getcited.org /?PUB=102532658&showStat=Ratings (106 words)

	Mozambique: The Nkomati Talks
		This agreement shall enter force on the date of the signature thereof.
		IN Witness WHEREOF, the signatories, in the name of their respective governments, have signed and sealed this Agreement, in quadruplicate in the Portuguese and English languages, both texts being equally authentic.
		THUS DONE AND SIGNED AT the common border on the banks of the Nkomati River, on this the sixteenth day of March 1984.
	www.c-r.org /our-work/accord/mozambique/nkomati-talks.php (1229 words)

	Zululand EcoAdventures - Jacob Zuma
		Served as Deputy Chief Representative and later Chief Representative of the ANC in Mozambique, until 1984, the year of the signing of the Nkomati Accord between the Mozambican and South African governments.
		Served on the ANC’s Political-Military Committee and the Political Committee when it was formed in the mid 80’s.
		Elected the Deputy Secretary General of the ANC during the National Conference held in South Africa after the unbanning of the organisation.
	www.eshowe.com /article/articleview/66/1/18?PrintableVersion=enabled (1326 words)

	Rice History Department:Who's Who
		BA Honours in African Studies, first class, 1985.
		Thesis: “The Nkomati Accord: South African foreign policy in Southern Africa.”
		The Bounds of Bondage: Networks of empire and forced migration in the Dutch East India Company.
	cohesion.rice.edu /humanities/hist/people.cfm?doc_id=2861 (2030 words)

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