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Topic: Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika

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	South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a teacher at a Methodist mission school in Johannesburg.
		The Rev J L Dube's Ohlange Zulu Choir popularised Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika at concerts in Johannesburg, and it became a popular church hymn that was also adopted as the anthem at political meetings.
		For decades Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was regarded as the national anthem of South Africa by the oppressed and it was always sung as an act of defiance against the Apartheid regime.
	www.wellesley.edu /Activities/homepage/aan/SouthAfrica.html (287 words)

	National anthem of South Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since 1997, The South African national anthem has been a hybrid song combining new words in English with extracts of the hymns "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika/The Call of South Africa".
		Nkosi Sekelel' iAfrika was composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a Methodist school teacher.
		It was originally sung as a church hymn but later became an act of political defiance against the apartheid Government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_anthem_of_South_Africa (256 words)

	Remembering Enoch Sontonga - SouthAfrica.info
		Sontonga wrote the first verse and chorus of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, a prayer for God's blessing on the land and all its people, as a hymn for his school choir in 1897.
		Popularised at concerts in Johannesburg by Reverend JL Dube's Ohlange Zulu Choir, Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was later adopted as an anthem at political meetings.
		Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was the unofficial anthem, sung by the majority of the population.
	www.southafrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/history/sontonga100.htm (760 words)

	Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrica - South Africa's National Anthem
		Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was composed in 1897 by
		For decades Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was regarded as the national anthem of South Afrika by the oppressed and it was always sung as an act of defiance against the apartheid regime.
		A proclamation issued by the State President on 20 April 1994 stipulated that both Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika and Die Stem (the Call of South Africa) would be the national anthems of South Africa.
	www.anc.org.za /misc/nkosi.html (373 words)

	www.BoerSeun.com » Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika
		Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika was composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a teacher at
		For decades Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika was regarded as the national anthem of South Afrika by the oppressed and it was always sung as an act of defiance against the apartheid
		Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika and Die Stem (the Call of South Africa) would be the national anthems of South Africa.
	www.boerseun.com /?page_id=77 (372 words)

	anthem
		Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika was composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a Methodist mission school teacher.
		Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika was popularised at concerts held in Johannesburg by Reverend JL Dube's Ohlange Zulu Choir.
		Apparently there is no standard version or translations of Nkosi and the words vary from place to place and from occasion to occasion.
	www.saembassy.org /anthem.htm (468 words)

	Enoch Sontonga
		Author of Nkosi Sikelel ‘iAfrika, the anthem South Africa adopted after its first democratic elections in 1994.
		Nkosi Sikelel ‘iAfrika was first recorded in 1923 as a result of Sol Plaatje's efforts, and verses were added by the Xhosa poet Samuel Mqhayi.
		By 1925 Nkosi Sikelel ‘iAfrika had become the official song of the African National Congress (ANC) and was also sung during the British Royal visit in 1947.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/people/sontonga.htm (327 words)

	S. African anthem out of tune for both races -DAWN - International; October 29, 2003
		Nkosi Sikelel’iAfrika is sung in three languages, the first parts in Zulu and Sotho, two of the country’s largest African ethnic groups.
		Nkosi Sikelel’iAfrika was long regarded as the national anthem by the oppressed fl majority and sung frequently as act of resistance against the apartheid government.
		Die Stem van Suid-Afrika (The call of South Africa), an Afrikaans poem set to music in 1921, is seen as a powerful expression of the Afrikaner legacy arising from the bitter experience of their 1899-1902 war with Britain.
	www.dawn.com /2003/10/29/int17.htm (739 words)

	The Herald : Letters to the Editor
		Eric Sontonga’s Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika of 1897 is a constructive religious hymn that weeps for the genuine unity of Africa and Africans, the end of internecine wars and chronic suffering, as well as lasting prosperity of the continent.
		With a sharp contrast to Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika, Die Stem was founded on a narrow Afrikaner Chauvinism.
		While Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika is progressive and all embracing, Die Stem is historically conservative and segregationist.
	www.theherald.co.za /herald/2003/07/01/edlets/edl07_01072003.htm (373 words)

	:: THE SEARCH FOR THE MAN WHO WROTE OUR ANTHEM :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A choirmaster and photographer, Sontonga wrote the first verse and chorus of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika when he was 24, one of many songs he wrote for his pupils.
		Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika is the national anthem of Tanzania and Zambia and is also sung in Zimbabwe and Namibia.
		South Africa's anthem today is an amalgam of two anthems - Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika and the Afrikaans anthem, Die Stem van Suid Afrika (The call of South Africa), written by Afrikaans poet CJ Langenhoven in 1918.
	www.joburg.org.za /jan_2002/anthem.stm (1483 words)

	South Africa-Other Information
		For many years Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was regarded as the national anthem of South Africa by the oppressed and it was always sung as an act of defiance against the apartheid.
		A proclamation issued by the State President on April 20, 1994 said that both Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika and Die Stem (The Call of South Africa) would be the national anthems of South Africa.
		There aren't any standard versions or translations of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika so the words vary from place to place and from occasion to occasion.
	www.angelfire.com /ok/southernafrika/other.html (889 words)

	Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika
		Someone said "Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika" at the Oscars- there was a man there accepting an Oscar for Best Foreign Film- Tsotsi- a South African movie.
		I think it was hearing the director shout "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" as his first remark, and then hearing him thank his cast members in Zulu ("Ngiyabonga kakhulu!").
		Researching the National Anthem of South Africa, I found that there used to be two anthems; Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, a hymn originally writen in the xhosa language and Die Stemi, which at one point the government deemed the national...
	www.ljtop.com /nkosi_sikelel_iafrika_134538916.html (512 words)

	zuid-afrika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was one of many songs he composed, and he was apparently a keen singer who composed the songs for his pupils.
		In 1996 a shortened, combined version of the two anthems was released as the new National Anthem.
		There are no standard versions or translations of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika so the words vary from place to place and from occasion to occasion.
	members.home.nl /adoptie-za/html/zuidafrika/volkslied/volkslied.htm (287 words)

	South Africa - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika (God Bless Africa)/Die Stem van Suid-Afrika (The Call of South Africa)
		It was retained after the adoption of the first non-racial constitution in 1994, having equal status with Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, until the two were combined to form the present anthem in 1997.
		The coat of arms, dating from 1910, continued in use until 2000.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /s/so/south_africa.html (1147 words)

	Biographies of Famous South Africans - Enoch Sontonga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The humble and obscure life of Enoch Sontonga is an antithesis of the dreams he inspired in generations of Africans through his famous composition "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika".
		A choirmaster and photographer, he wrote the first verse and chorus of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" when he was 24 (1897), one of many songs he wrote for his pupils.
		A proclamation issued by the State President on 20 April 1994 stipulated that both "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and "Die Stem" (the Call of South Africa), written by Afrikaans poet CJ Langenhoven in 1918, would be the national anthems of South Africa.
	zar.co.za /enoch.htm (863 words)

	ZA@PLAY - MUSIC: Boom Shaka shake it up 14/05/98
		A pounding beat kicked in, sending a sensual wave of motion down the girls' lithe bodies, and so began their house-beat homage to a tune that, they say, represents their freedom to sing whatever songs they choose in a liberated nation; and an acknowledgement of those who have fought for that freedom.
		Time and time again research has indicated that the new generation is astonishingly unpoliticised, generally unaware of the range of political terms and rhetoric outside of their basic experience of human rights.
		What the local press seem to have missed in their reports on Boom Shaka's Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika is that the song marks a new phase for South Africa's most sensational pop stars.
	www.chico.mweb.co.za /mg/art/music/9805/980514-boom.html (1356 words)

	South Africa: National Anthem
		For decades Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika (God Bless Africa) was regarded as the national anthem of South Africa by the oppressed and it was always sung as an act of defiance against the apartheid regime, using the official anthem Die Stem.
		A proclamation issued by the State President Nelson Mandela on 20 April 1994 stipulated that both Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika and Die Stem (the Call of South Africa) would be the interim national anthem of South Africa.
		In 1996 a shortened, combined version of the two anthems was released as the new official National Anthem which still holds true today.
	www.southafrica-newyork.net /consulate/anthem.htm (118 words)

	International Opus
		Sontonga died unexpectedly in Johannesburg in 1905, at the age of 32.
		Nkosi Sikekel' was first recorded in 1923 by Solomon T. Plaatje accompanied by Sylvia Colenso on the piano.
		Sung originally as a hymn, Sontonga’s 1897 melody Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika focused on text to stir the heart and give strength to millions during struggles in South African history.
	www.internationalopus.com /cgi-bin/io.pl?mode=composer&composer=27 (456 words)

	Campfire Song Book - Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika (God Bless Africa) is the National Anthem of South Africa.
		The hymn Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was written by Reverend Enoch Sontonga, and became a song of the struggle for freedom in South Africa.
		Between 1994 and 1996 they served as joint anthems, but in 1996, the two anthems were combined to form the new National Anthem, a powerful symbol of national unity.
	www.scouting.org.za /songs/nkosi.html (223 words)

	:: JOBURG CELEBRATES SONTONGA ANNIVERSARY :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		JOHANNESBURG City Parks is calling on all Africans touched by Enoch Sontonga's verse to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of the man who composed the national anthem of 20 countries.
		ENOCH Sontonga, the man who wrote South Africa's national anthem, "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", died a century ago this year.
		Alan Buff, the general manager for technical support for City Parks and head of the 1996 Sontonga Memorial Committee which found Sontonga's final resting place in Braamfontein Cemetery, says the song was adopted by the African National Congress as a closing prayer at its meetings in the early 1920s, adding to its significance.
	www.joburg.org.za /2005/mar/mar22_enoch.stm (594 words)

	South Africa's national anthem - SouthAfrica.info
		The official anthem was called Die Stem or The Call of South Africa.
		In the official anthem of the new South Africa, the two anthems merge into one.
		In 1952 the English version, the Call of South Africa, was accepted for official use.
	www.safrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/history/anthem.htm (545 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		" Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" is a hymn composed in Xhosa in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a teacher in Johannesburg.
		It later came to be regarded by the oppressed as the anthem of South Africa, always sung as an act of defiance against the apartheid (pronounced
		In 1996 President Nelson Mandela proclaimed that a combined version of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and the Afrikaans "Die Stem (the Call)" would be the official national anthem of South Africa.
	www.cuyamaca.net /tpagaard/Origins/Anthem.htm (152 words)

	Africa Deluxe Tours' Quickies service - information
		At the time the unofficial national anthem in the townships and resistance movements was Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika (God bless Africa).
		As one of many acts of reconciliation the national anthem decided on in the new South Africa (post 1994), is a combination of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika, Die Stem and The Call of South Africa.
		The first verse is in languages falling in the Nguni grouping of South African languages whilst the second is in Sesotho from the Sotho grouping.
	www.afrilux.co.za /quickies/South_Africa_National_Anthem.htm (280 words)

	VH1 Music Studio
		Ask students to site facts they learned about AIDS in Madagascar and Kenya (78% of the Kenya population live below the poverty line; there are 6,000 deaths per day due to AIDS-related causes; unsanitary living conditions; Madagascar is opening its boarders and fears it is inevitable that AIDS will take hold).
		Optional: Distribute the “Nkosi Sikelel’ i Afrika/Prayer for Africa” sheet music to students (see Supplemental Resources for recommended arrangement).
		Since 1997, The South African national anthem has been a hybrid song combining verses from the national anthem under the apartheid government "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" and the popular hymn of the African National Congress and other fl organisations "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika".
	www.vh1.com /partners/vh1_music_studio/supplies/specials/monster-lesson1.html (1080 words)

	Untitled Document
		Jabavu, in a short sketch on the composer of Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika, indicates that many of his invaluable documents and music sheets were lost through carelessness by his associates and friends.
		It was Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika that held the exiles together through spiritual unity with the country during the Exile Period, designated by the departure of Ezekiel Mphahlele to Nigeria in 1957, on the one hand, to the return of Mazisi Kunene from United States in 1993, on the other hand.
		The political hymn was sung from Paris to Moscow, from Nairobi to Los Angeles, from Cairo to Lagos.
	www.pitzer.edu /academics/faculty/masilela/nam/newafrre/writers/sontonga/sontongaS.htm (470 words)

	STATEMENT ON NKOSI SIKELEL' IAFRIKA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ANC calls on the DA to apologise to the people of South Africa for their statement on the singing of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika at the ANC's rally in Pietermaritzburg on Sunday.
		The ANC's anthem, 'Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika', was sung at the rally - as it has been sung at ANC events for decades.
		For as long as the ANC cherishes freedom and democracy in Africa, it will continue to sing Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/pr/2004/pr0113a.html (172 words)

	Fodder - A blog from the heart of zaLand: Know your Anthem
		FNB has a Know your Anthem campaign challenging all South Africans to know all the words to Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika by Freedom Day, 27 April and the day when Mbeki will be inaugurated.
		What I have found is an awesome rendition of the original Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika that you can listen to here (the top Anthem link).
		Listening to this I get goose bumps and my heart swells with pride, corny I know but we have the best national anthem in the world (does everybody say that about their anthem?).
	fodder.blogs.com /fodder/2004/04/know_your_anthe.html (563 words)

	National Symbols of the Republic of South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The present coat of arms of the Republic of South Africa will be changed in due course to reflect the new national identity since the democratic transformation in 1994.
		A Sesotho version was published in 1942 by Moses Mphahlele.The Rev J L Dube's Ohlange Zulu Choir popularized Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika at concerts in Johannesburg, and it became a popular church hymn that was also adopted as the anthem at political meetings.
		Official version combining Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika and Die Stem/The Call of South Africa
	home.vicnet.net.au /~neils/africa/RSA-symbols.htm (1669 words)

	Nkosi Sikki What?
		Where Jon delves a little deeper is into the political issues surrounding it, and the fact that it is bizarre that Die Stem could ever have been included in a national anthem representing the new South Africa.
		Qwelane describes it as a "boer war chant", but he's wrong - it was an anthem that had as much sentiment and emotion to the people it represented as Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika does to those that were formerly oppressed.
		To be fair to the white folks, however - when we were at school we were forced to learn the national anthem by heart, as in most countries.
	www.tashitagg.com /correspondents/smoke/anthem.asp (916 words)

	South Africa National Anthem, Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika at Marvic Tours and Tales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		South Africa National Anthem, Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika at Marvic Tours and Tales
		Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a teacher at a Johannesburg Methodist missionary school in Johannesburg.
		The Rev. J.L. Dube's Ohlange Zulu Choir popularised Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika at concerts in Johannesburg.
	www.marvic.biz /info/nkosi.htm (453 words)

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