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Topic: No Gun Ri

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	No Gun Ri: A Hidden Nightmare from the Korean War
		In The Bridge at No Gun Ri, the three journalists tell the larger, human story behind this dark chapter of the Korean War through the eyes of the people, both Korean and American, who lived through it.
		In a powerful, richly detailed narrative, The Bridge at No Gun Ri brings to life these American GIs and Korean villagers, the high-level decision-making that led to their fatal encounter, the terror of the three-day slaughter, the harrowing months of war that followed and the memories and ghosts that forever haunted the survivors.
		Delos Flint spent only two days at the warfront, being evacuated with wounds in the early chaos at No Gun Ri, where he was trapped for a time with refugees in the small culvert.
	www.henryholt.com /nogunri (3820 words)

	AsianWeek: Feature: No Gun Ri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		And while he was not in No Gun Ri from July 26 - 29, 1950 when hundreds of fleeing civilians were reportedly killed by U.S. soldiers, he remembers all too well the chaos and carnage ravaging Korea that he said people all over the country were experiencing.
		Cho said his and his peers’ muted opinions on No Gun Ri are rooted in a deep empathy for the losses U.S. forces were suffering at the time and an understanding of the military situation.
		At No Gun Ri, near the edge of what would become the perimeter, U.S. troops, had heard rumors that North Korean spies and saboteurs were infiltrating the throngs of fleeing civilians, pretending to look like farmers.
	www.asianweek.com /1999_12_23/feature_nogunri.html (2032 words)

	No Gun Ri, late July, 1950
		No Gun Ri Killing of enemy who were wounded and helpless was done by all sides in the Korean War, and in all wars.
		The troops dug in at No Gun Ri, 100 miles southeast of Seoul, South Korea's capital, were members of the 7th Cavalry, a regiment of the 1st Cavalry Division.
		They did this despite the fact that they now had in their possession no fewer than 18 different documents that demonstrated through omission or commission that Daily was not who he said he was, and that all his testimony was therefore suspect, as was the testimony of those that Daily had influenced.
	www.rt66.com /~korteng/SmallArms/nogunri.htm (3992 words)

	Amazon.ca: No Gun Ri: A Military History of the Korean War Incident: Books: Robert Bateman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		No Gun Ri is on the nation's most important artery of rail lines (which was the only practical means of public transportation that time), where the South Korean government would have made sure to be free of guerillas.
		No Gun Ri was a tragic incident for the victims and their families, but under the circumstances, I understand why American GIs acted that way and even if the higher authorities had ordered to shoot innocent civilians, I can sort of understand why.
		No Gun Ri: A Military History of the Korean War Incident, which destroys the reputation of both the AP and its misguided historical theorizing, has elements of historiography, military history, and personal narrative.
	www.amazon.ca /No-Gun-Ri-Military-Incident/dp/0811717631 (2916 words)

	no gun ri
		But the story of No Gun Ri was not told, beyond sketchy news reports in 1950 implying that American troops might have fired on refugees.
		Teen-age riflemen and young officers with no combat experience were thrust overnight into war, told to expect guerrilla fighting and to be wary of the tens of thousands of South Korean civilians pouring south.
		But old soldiers in their late 60's or 70's identified the No Gun Ri bridge from photographs, remembered the approximate dates and corroborated the core of the Koreans' account: that American troops kept the refugees pinned under the bridge and killed almost all of them.
	members.tripod.com /platforum/no_gun_ri.htm (3441 words)

	Statement of Mutual Understanding on the No Gun Ri Investigations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The No Gun Ri Incident Review was initiated at the direction of the presidents of the Republic of Korea and the United States following the release of the Associated Press report concerning the matter on September 29, 1999.
		Units operating in the vicinity of No Gun Ri were under the command and control of leaders with limited proven experience in combat.
		Assembly and Movement of Villagers at Im Ke Ri and Joo Gok Ri 2.c.(1) With certain exceptions, U.S. and ROK policy restricting movement of refugees was established in late July 1950.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Jan2001/smu20010111.html (2089 words)

	What really happened at No Gun Ri? - Salon
		He claims that the entire No Gun Ri area was a known hotbed of Communist activity, and that the Americans had captured both a Japanese rifle and a Russian submachine gun from the area, citing records from the headquarters supply section acknowledging their receipt.
		But, Hanley noted in his conversation with me, there is no record at all of where, when, how or from whom the guns were acquired or even which regiment they came from.
		However, the 7th Cavalry had no ability to "call in" a deliberate strafing run against the refugees, as some allege, since their radios were incompatible with those used by the Air Force.
	dir.salon.com /story/books/feature/2002/06/03/nogunri/?pn=2 (937 words)

	No Gun Ri, late July, 1950: Rebuttal
		THE HARDER LESSONS OF NO GUN RI A lot of ink, most of it from outside wire services, has been spilled over the alleged 'massacre' of South Korean civilians at No Gun Ri Korea, July 26th, 1950 by units of the 7th US Cavalry.
		First off, there is no question that hard pressed and nearly disintegrating units of the 2d Battalion, 7th Cavalry, 3 days after entering that war, both under orders, and using their own judgement fired at groups of people in the two culverts at No Gun Ri, killing and wounding an unknown number of them.
		The Company at No Gun Ri was fired on with impunity by just such a Russian tank.
	www.rt66.com /~korteng/SmallArms/nogunrep.htm (1615 words)

	No Gun Ri
		The No Gun Ri dispute between Bateman and Hanley is equally contentious.
		After the AP's No Gun Ri story was published, Bateman was surprised to find that Daily had been interviewed by the AP and that he had told the news agency about the killings, said he was there, saw it all, heard the cries of dying babies.
		In January 2001, the Army completed its investigation of No Gun Ri and said that although it could not "determine what happened near No Gun Ri with certainty, it is clear, based upon all available evidence, that an unknown number of Korean civilians were killed or injured.
	www.pownetwork.org /phonies/phonies95.htm (2433 words)

	Davis/ACES Book Reviews/No Gun Ri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		No event better exemplifies this than what happened at a South Korean railroad trestle near the village of No Gun Ri in late July 1950.
		Above all, "No Gun Ri" is about the survivors and what they remember, most of it not pleasant.
		In "No Gun Ri," the AP reporters have combined previous reports and have added new material that further sheds light on the early days of the Korean War.
	www.copydesk.org /books/davis3.htm (885 words)

	Salon.com Books \| What really happened at No Gun Ri?
		One of the 7th Cavalry's "sister" units in the No Gun Ri area, for example, received a telephoned instruction relayed on June 24 by a regimental liaison at the division's headquarters: "No refugees to cross front line.
		Even if no one can find any documentary evidence that any such order was given to the 7th Cavalry, numerous documents on the Web site for the AP reporters' book show that the deliberate targeting of refugees was almost standard operating procedure in the early days of the conflict.
		It is extremely unlikely that the people of No Gun Ri would have left dozens of bloody, putrefying human bodies in the streambed of a river that led directly past their village.
	archive.salon.com /books/feature/2002/06/03/nogunri/index2.html?pn=2 (1393 words)

	USNews.com: Nation & World: Letter sheds light on No Gun Ri civilian massacre
		There is no doubt that innocent Korean civilians were shot and killed by American servicemen–relatives of survivors, and even some who claimed to have survived the shooting, had alleged for years that the military had covered up the atrocity.
		If the killings at No Gun Ri were carried out on the orders of superior officers, it would have been the second-largest reported killing of civilians by American servicemen in the 20th century, after the slaughter of some 500 Vietnamese villagers at My Lai in 1968.
		Pentagon officials say the inquiry into the events at No Gun Ri, which was conducted by the Army's inspector general, was accurate and comprehensive.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/news/articles/060531/31nogunri.htm (529 words)

	:revisiting the bridge @ no gun ri: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We, the students of "American Culture 314" at the University of Michigan, have become aware that many Korean refugees were brutally murdered at the hands of the American soldiers at No Gun Ri during the Korean War.
		The United States Government and the former President William J. Clinton have acknowledged that the incident at No Gun Ri occurred.
		Moreover, we recognize that adequate response to the No Gun Ri incident is a crucial factor in the United States' development of positive, sound foreign relations with the government and people of South Korea.
	elab-unix1.bus.umich.edu /~maasu/nogunri/pet.htm (456 words)

	Online NewsHour -- Incident at No Gun Ri
		REALAUDIO: Secretary of Defense William Cohen leads a Pentagon briefing on the No Gun Ri report.
		EXECUTIVE SUMMARY of the U.S. Army's No Gun Ri report (requires the free Adobe Acrobat Reader).
		INCIDENT AT NO Media correspondent Terence Smith reports on the battle between two news organizations over the story of an alleged slaughter during the Korean War.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/media/nogunri (233 words)

	The Bridge at No Gun Ri
		No Gun Ri is located a few miles south of Taejon, South Korea.
		The No Gun Ri rampage was not an isolated incident.
		The No Gun Ri rampage was not the first incident of American soldiers killing women and children.
	www.kimsoft.com /2001/nogun-review.htm (2487 words)

	No Gun Ri Naval War College Review - Find Articles
		Speaking not for AP but as a secondary participant in the project, I share my colleagues' exasperation with the persistent and willful distortions of their work on No Gun Ri by a clutch of self-interested critics, who mainly recycle each others' opinions about a story that few of them seem ever to have actually read.
		The arduous two-year No Gun Ri project is fully described in The Bridge at No Gun Ri, a 2001 book by the same reporting team, and its basic findings were affirmed by the Army inspector general's report in January 2001.
		While AP never said how many died at No Gun Ri but cited various U.S. and Korean estimates ranging from under a hundred to four hundred, Bateman uses tortured reasoning--but no evidence--to settle on "around 25," including "at least two guerrillas," although none were identified.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JIW/is_2_57/ai_n6112692 (790 words)

	Pacific University's Portal on Korea - The Korean War - Essays - Essay 2 - The Controversy at No Gun Ri
		If the soldiers at No Gun Ri, were like Roy, it is highly likely that if they were given orders to fire on innocent civilians they would.
		The two biggest controversies about the incidents at No Gun Ri are the number of civilians killed and why they were killed.
		Therefore, it is quite obvious that the events at No Gun Ri occurred whether justified or not.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /as/students/korea/war-essays-2.html (1014 words)

	Online NewsHour: Incident at No Gun Ri -- May 31, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		PARK HEE-SOOK, No Gun Ri Survivor (Translated): There were so many dead people here next to the stream, and there were a lot of American soldiers around.
		Daily, according to the army's best records, was not at No Gun Ri, was not a machine-gunner, and served in the unit that was at No Gun Ri fully eight months after the alleged incident occurred.
		BRIAN DUFFY: We quoted others saying "there was no massacre." There was shooting, but certainly the veterans we talked with who were there all took issue with the fact that the firing was done on orders from any officer.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/media/jan-june00/nogunri_5-31.html (1807 words)

	Did Americans Mass-Murder Korean Women and Kids?
		U.S. No Gun Ri Conclusion Denounced - The Army's conclusion that no orders were given to American soldiers to kill civilians at No Gun Ri during the Korean War is being challenged by South Korean survivors and family members, who denounced the finding as a "whitewash."
		U.S. Army Inspector General Web site for Investigating Facts Regarding No Gun Ri Incident - The U.S. Army Inspector General is directed to conduct a review to determine the facts surrounding the press reports of civilian deaths near No Gun Ri (Nokuen-Ri), South Korea in July 1950.
		All persons with information on No Gun Ri, especially Korean War veterans who served with the 1st Cavalry Division in late July 1950, are encouraged to use this web site or call the Toll Free Number: 1-877-379-5595 to communicate with the U.S. Army Inspector General review team.
	www.kimsoft.com /kr-mass.htm (2035 words)

	What No Gun Ri GIs said to the media [Free Republic]
		The allegations of a massacre at No Gun Ri were nothing new: Families of the alleged victims—and even some Koreans who claimed to have survived the shooting—had been accusing the American military of covering up a massacre there for years.
		What catapulted the No Gun Ri story into the journalistic stratosphere, however, was not the AP story or the accolades it received but the follow-up accounts by other news organizations.
		But I've got to believe he was at No Gun Ri." Because of the "density of the detail" Daily provided about the shooting and the screaming of the refugees as they clawed for cover, Hanley explained, he finds it "impossible to believe" that Daily fabricated his account of No Gun Ri.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a391f9bda7b03.htm (7974 words)

	Memo Indicates Korean War Refugees 'Could Be Shot Dead' - May 30, 2006 - The New York Sun
		The letter - dated the day of the Army's mass killing of South Korean refugees at No Gun Ri in 1950 - is the strongest indication yet that such a policy existed for all American forces in Korea, and the first evidence that that policy was known to upper ranks of the American government.
		The No Gun Ri killings were documented in a Pulitzer Prize-winning story by the Associated Press in 1999, which prompted a 16-month Pentagon inquiry.
		The Pentagon concluded that the No Gun Ri shootings, which lasted three days, were "an unfortunate tragedy" - "not a deliberate killing." It suggested panicky soldiers, acting without orders, opened fire because they feared that an approaching line of families, baggage, and farm animals concealed enemy troops.
	www.nysun.com /article/33541 (508 words)

	Amazon.com: No Gun Ri: A Military History of the Korean War Incident: Books: Robert L., III Bateman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Americans who really were at No Gun Ri that day claim to have killed two North Korean regulars (which Bateman says were South Korean irregulars) and recovered their weapons, which were duly registered later by the regimental supply officer.
		A U.S. military perspective of the proceedings at No Gun Ri during the Korean War is a welcome one, and offers an interesting contrast to the human rights tone of "The Bridge at No Gun Ri." However, Bateman is extremely one-sided in his research, fitting facts around his argument rather than the other way around.
		His objective is to not to supply an accurate historic acount of what happened at No Gun Ri; instead, it is to argue blindly for his version of the story.
	www.amazon.com /No-Gun-Ri-Military-Incident/dp/0811717631 (4057 words)

	DoD News: DoD News Briefing - No Gun Ri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In September 1999, after press reports that Korean refugees were killed by U.S. soldiers in the vicinity of No Gun Ri during the Korean War, President Clinton directed an investigation be undertaken by the Department of Defense to determine what occurred at No Gun Ri in 1950.
		As a symbol of our deep regret over the tragedy, the United States will erect a memorial in the vicinity of No Gun Ri, which will be dedicated to the innocent Korean civilians who lost their lives during the struggle to preserve the independence of their country.
		Cragin: There's no question that if you accepted everything said by witnesses to the highest dimension of assertion with respect to every quantification you could get that there are clearly differences.
	www.defense.gov /transcripts/2001/t01112001_t111cohe.html (4355 words)

	CNN - U.S. repeats vow to investigate massacre at No Gun Ri - November 13, 1999
		The South Koreans discussed their experiences during the incident, which allegedly took place at No Gun Ri July 26-29, 1950, early in the 1950-53 Korean War.
		He lost his son and daughter at No Gun Ri and his wife was seriously wounded, according to the National Council of Churches, which is sponsoring the Koreans' visit to the United States.
		There was no time to screen civilians trying to escape, he said, adding he recalled the civilians being herded into a tunnel under a bridge.
	www.cnn.com /US/9911/13/no.gun.ri/index.html (743 words)

	Corpus Christi Caller Times Caller.com - Ex-GI never witnessed No Gun Ri
		His accounts of what happened at No Gun Ri, given to the AP in 1998 and other news organizations later, may have stemmed from years of veterans' reunions and hearing from men who participated in or witnessed the killings, Daily said.
		Defense Secretary William Cohen later said no conclusions could be reached until a final report is made, which is not expected for several months.
		While investigating the No Gun Ri allegations in 1998, AP was referred to Daily by another veteran because of his detailed knowledge of the 1st Cavalry Division's operations in the Korean War.
	www.caller2.com /2000/may/26/today/national/919.html (497 words)

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