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	Alfred Nobel
		Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace.
		The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize.
		Articles, photographs, a slide show and poetry written by Nobel himself are presented here to give a glimpse of a man whose varied interests are reflected in the prize he established.
	nobelprize.org /alfred_nobel (135 words)

	Nobel Prizes - MSN Encarta
		Nobel Prizes, annual monetary awards granted to individuals or institutions for outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, international peace, and economic sciences.
		In 1900 the Nobel Foundation was established to manage the fund and to administer the activities of the institutions charged with selecting winners.
		In the fall of the year preceding the award, Nobel committees distribute invitations to members of the prize-awarding bodies, to previous Nobel prize winners, and to professors in relevant fields at certain colleges and universities.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567175/Nobel_Prizes.html (715 words)

	Alfred Nobel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nobel, a descendant of the 17th century scientist, Olaus Rudbeck (1630-1708), was the third son of Immanuel Nobel (1801-1872).
		Alfred Nobel is buried in Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.
		Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance like kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth) it became safer and more convenient to manipulate, and this mixture he patented in 1867 as dynamite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alfred_Nobel (1023 words)

	Nobel Prize - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nobel Prizes are prizes awarded annually to people (and, in the case of the Peace Prize, sometimes to organizations) who have completed outstanding research, invented ground-breaking techniques or equipment, or made an outstanding contribution to society in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, medicine or physiology and economics.
		Until the Norwegian Nobel Committee was established in 1904, the President of Norwegian Parliament made the formal presentation of the Nobel Peace Prize.
		There exists a myth that Nobel refused to endow a mathematics prize as his wife had an affair with the mathematician Mittag-Leffler; however, the myth cannot be based in fact as Nobel never married.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobel_Prize (3318 words)

	CNN.com
		Nobel laureates were often at the forefront of dramatic change in the 20th century, which saw an accelerated rate of scientific discoveries, along with two world wars and tremendous social upheaval.
		Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833, the child of Immanuel Nobel, an engineer and inventor, and Andrietta Ahlsell.
		Nobel specified that prizes in science and literature were to be awarded by a Swedish committee, while the peace prize was to be given out by a Norwegian panel.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2001/nobel.100/overview.html (1133 words)

	The Norwegian Nobel Institute- Alfred Nobel, biography
		Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 21 October 1833.
		Nobel took a keen interest in social questions, and is known to have held radical views on many contemporary problems.
		In January 1897 it was learned that he had left the bulk of his considerable estate to a fund, the interest on which was to be awarded annually to the persons whose work had been of the greatest benefit to mankind.
	nobelpeaceprize.org /eng_com_will1.html (484 words)

	Alfred Nobel \| Swedish Industrialist
		Nobel was interested in literature and wrote novels, poetry and plays in his spare time.
		Nobel discovered that a mix of nitroglycerin and a fine porous powder called kieselguhr was most effective.
		The Alfred Nobel Story explores the tragedy, redemption and triumph of this enigmatic figure as told through the eyes of Bertha von Suttner, one of the first recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize.
	www.lucidcafe.com /library/95oct/alfnobel.html (575 words)

	A Nobel díj és a magyar Nobel díjasok
		Ezek sorában azonban megkülönböztetett a jelentôsége a Nobel díjnak, melyet Alfred Nobel, dúsgazdag svéd gyáros és föltaláló alapított.
		Felirata: A kép bal oldalán ALFR./ NOBEL, a kép jobb oldalán NAT./MDCCC/XXXIII/OB./MDCCC/XCVI.
		Az elôlapon Nobel arcképe, melyet a következô körirat vesz körül: ALFR.
	www.kfki.hu /~cheminfo/hun/teazo/nobel/nobeldij.html (4957 words)

	Nobel Prize (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The process of selecting Nobel Laureates is made in a screening process: for the Memorial Prize in Literature, a committee comprising six members; for the Prize in Literature, a committee of five; for the other four Nobel Prizes, a committee comprising five members respectively.
		Until the Norwegian Nobel Committee was established in 1904, the President of Norwegian Parliament made the formal presentation of the Nobel Peace Prize.
		Although Nobel's will established the prizes, his plan was incomplete and, due to various other hurdles, it was five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes awarded on December 10, 1901.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Nobel_Prize.htm (2321 words)

	Nobel population 1901-50: anatomy of a scientific elite (November 2001) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		In 1974 the Nobel Foundation changed its statutes so that material in the Nobel archives - those of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the prizes in physics and chemistry - would become available to historians of science 50 years after an award was made.
		Since the Nobel population is made up of both winners and losers in the Nobel sweepstakes, we can examine the differences between the winning and the non-winning candidates.
		The Nobel archives can also be used to draw up a "hit parade" of the 40 most nominated physicists between 1901 and 1950 (see table).
	physicsweb.org /article/world/14/11/7/1 (3615 words)

	Nobel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nobel Prize, awarded annually since 1901, from the bequest of Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel
		Alfred Nobel, (1833-1896), the inventor of dynamite, instituted the Nobel Prizes
		Nobel Industries (Sweden) - UK chemicals company founded by Alfred Nobel, merged in 1994 with Azko.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobel (196 words)

	Nordic Culture > Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor and industrialist - Scandinavica.com
		But Alfred Nobel is also known as being the founder of the Nobel Prizes, an annual award given to outstanding contributions to mankind in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine and peace.
		Their luck was going to change however when Nobel's father, Immanuel, an engineer and inventor, convinced the Tzar of the importance of naval mines for the Russian army.
		The Alfred Nobel story, DVD (1955), a story of tragedy, redemption and triumph of the inventor of dynamite as told through the eyes of Bertha von Suttner, one of the first recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/famous/nobel.htm (1936 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Science (The Prize's Rite)
		In the century since the Nobel Foundation was established, many have speculated on the reasons why Alfred Nobel did not provide for a prize to be awarded for achievement in the field of mathematics.
		Nobel reportedly did have a mistress, a Viennese woman named Sophie Hess, but there is no evidence she ever had anything to do with Mittag-Leffler.
		Nobel was interested in development work and specified that his prizes should be awarded for "important discoveries and inventions." Mathematics was a field he may have considered too theoretical to produce the direct practical benefits to mankind whose discoverers he sought to reward.
	www.snopes.com /science/nobel.htm (839 words)

	Nobel Prize Winners Hate School (Learn in Freedom!)
		Raman, known as C. Raman, was the uncle of a later Nobel laureate, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, the son of Raman's older brother C.S. Ayyar.
		Chandrasekhar is the nephew of Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, a 1930 Nobel laureate in physics.
		Carleton Gajdusek won the Nobel Prize for his undeniably important work on what were then known as "slow viruses" (now usually conceived of as not viruses at all, but prions).
	www.learninfreedom.org /Nobel_hates_school.html (3238 words)

	Nobel Systems :: Services :: GIS Conversion
		Nobel Systems is a worldwide leader in the conversion of hard copy maps into a GIS database.
		Nobel Systems' goal is to provide the customer with a quality product while providing quality service to their clients.
		Nobel Systems works closely with the leaders in the GIS software industry to keep current with the latest developments that improve quality, add new functions, and lower the cost to our customers.
	www.nobel-systems.com /services/dataconversion.html (218 words)

	CNN.com - Iranian rights activist wins Nobel - Oct. 10, 2003
		Iranian activist Shirin Ebadi has won the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize for her focus on human rights, especially on the struggle to improve the status of women and children.
		The 56-year-old said she was in Paris for a visit and traveling back to Tehran Friday when the Nobel Committee called and told her to delay the trip.
		Nobel experts said the five members of the Nobel committee, who include three women, probably chose Ebadi as a way of promoting change in Iran.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/10/10/nobel.peace (808 words)

	Nobel Prize History
		For academics and institutions, a Nobel Prize is used to attract the best and the brightest minds, whether students or scholars.
		Nobel also contributed to the inventions of synthetic rubber, artificial silk, and synthetic leather.
		The first female Nobel Peace prize winner, Baroness Bertha von Suttner, in 1905, was perhaps the inspiration for the award itself.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/nobel-prize-history.html (831 words)

	NPR : 2002 Nobel Prize Winners (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Nobel Committee in Oslo voted unanimously for Carter, citing his mediation between Israel and Egypt that led to the Camp David Accords in 1979.
		The Nobel committee is honoring Daniel Kahneman, 68, of Princeton University primarily for his establishment of theory involving how human decisions can at times vary from or be at odds with established economic theory.
		This year's Nobel Prize in physics is awarded to three scientists for their contributions to astrophysics.
	www.npr.org /news/specials/nobel2002 (1174 words)

	MIT News Office: Nobel Prizes
		MIT alumnus George F. Smoot has been awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in physics, together with John C. Mather, for work that looks back into the infancy of the universe and attempts to gain some understanding of the origin of galaxies and stars.
		MIT Professor Richard R. Schrock receives the Nobel Prize in chemistry from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during a ceremony at the Concert Hall in Stockholm, Sweden, on Saturday, Dec. 10.
		Nobel Peace Prize winner to speak Nov. 3
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/topic/nobels.html (373 words)

	Female Nobel Prize Laureates
		In 1903, only two years after the Nobel Foundation was established, a Nobel Prize was awarded to a woman, Marie Curie, for the first time.
		In fact, one woman, Bertha von Suttner was influential in convincing Alfred Nobel to establish a Prize for Peace.
		Nobel Prize Women in Science: Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries, by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne, is the first book to examine the lives and accomplishments of women who have received the Nobel Prize, as well as those those who contributed to prize-winning projects.
	www.almaz.com /nobel/women.html (573 words)

	Nobel Laureates at UM, University of Maryland
		Shared the Nobel Prize for Economics with Robert Aumann of Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
		Hannes Alfven of Sweden, Nobel Laureate in Physics, 1970, was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Maryland, 1954-55.
		The Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development was established in 1997 in memory of the late Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, 1978 Nobel Peace Prize winner.
	www.umd.edu /university/nobelum.html (477 words)

	Alfred Nobel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alfred Nobel voit le jour le 21 octobre 1833 à Stockholm.
		En 1867, Nobel trouve le moyen de rendre moins instable le nitroglycérine en y ajoutant du sable.
		En 1886, Nobel collectionne les compagnies possède 60 compagnies rassemblées en 2 trusts: 1 trust latin sous l'égide de la Cie française, et l'autre comprenant des Cie anglaises, allemande et est-européennes.
	www.nobel-paix.ch /bio/nobel.htm (474 words)

	Alfred Nobel
		Nobel's father, Immanuel, was a Swedish inventor-entrepreneur in St. Petersburg, who supplied the Russian military with war matériel, including early underwater mines.
		Nobel, the man who had tried to make handling explosives safe for workmen, was deeply troubled by the destructiveness of his inventions and became concerned with establishing worldwide peace.
		Nobel died in 1896, leaving his considerable estate as an endowment for annual awards in chemistry, physics, medicine or physiology, literature, and peace—all of which represented his lifelong interests.
	www.chemheritage.org /classroom/chemach/gases/nobel.html (485 words)

	Finn E. Kydland - 2004 Nobel Prize in Economics
		The prize is the second Nobel awarded to a UC Santa Barbara faculty member this year.
		The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to David J. Gross, director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at UCSB.
		His receipt of the Nobel Prize is a public acknowledgement of both his path breaking work and the growing visibility and achievements of the social sciences at UC Santa Barbara."
	www.ucsb.edu /nobel/kydland.shtml (659 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News - Space :: 'Big Bang' Researchers Win Physics Nobel
		The scientists discovered the nature of "flbody radiation," cosmic background radiation believed to stem from the "big bang," when the universe was born.
		The big-bang theory states that the universe was born billions of years ago from a rapidly expanding dense and incredibly hot state.
		Reached at his home in Berkeley, Smoot said he was surprised when he got the call from the Nobel committee in the middle of the night.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/2006/10/03/nobelphysics_hum.html?category=space&guid=20061003091500 (533 words)

	The Norwegian Nobel Institute- Nobel's assets and the Nobel Prize
		The Nobel Foundation was established in 1900, and is responsible for financial management.
		For a long time the capital was held in so-called gilt-edged bonds, but developments in the money market gradually made such papers less satisfactory as investments, while inflation also cut deeply into the value of the fund.
		The Nobel Prize amounted to SEK 150,800 in 1901, and fell to a low of SEK 115,000 in 1923.
	www.nobel.no /eng_com_will3.html (236 words)

	Why isn't there a Nobel Prize in Mathematics?
		Supposedly, later in revenge Nobel refused to endow one of his prizes in mathematics.
		Nobel, afraid that Mittag-Leffler as the leading Swedish mathematician might win a Nobel prize in mathematics, then refused to institute such a prize.
		The authors point out that Mittag-Leffler and Nobel had almost no relation to each other; Nobel emigrated from Sweden in 1865 when Mittag-Leffler was a student and rarely returned to visit.
	mathforum.org /social/articles/ross.html (694 words)

	Ig Nobel Prize - Popular Science Net
		The 1993 Ig Nobel Literature Prize has been awarded to 976 cowinners who coauthored a paper that was published in the New England Journal of Medicine (vol.
		Louis Kervran (Ig Nobel Physics Prize, 1993) and his discovery that the calcium in chickens' eggshells is created by a process of cold fusion.
		The 2005 IG Nobel Prizes were awarded in a ceremony at Harvard University.
	www.dickran.net /nobel/ignobel.html (623 words)

	Nobel Prizes — Infoplease.com
		In 1968, a Nobel Prize of economic sciences was established by Riksbank, the Swedish bank, in celebration of its 300th anniversary.
		No Nobel prizes were awarded for 1940, 1941, and 1942; prizes for literature were not awarded for 1914, 1918, and 1943.
		Nobel Prize - Nobel Prize Nobel Prize, award given for outstanding achievement in physics, chemistry, physiology...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0777579.html (312 words)

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