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	Nobel Prize
		The first ceremony to award the Nobel Prizes in literature, physics, chemistry, and medicine was held at the Old Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm in 1901; beginning in 1902, the prizes have been formally awarded by the King of Sweden.
		When Nobel had died, and his will was opened, none of the deciding bodies had been asked by him whether they would accept the responsibility; they decided to do so after quite a lot of hesitation.
		Some fields without a Nobel prize have instituted prizes of their own which are not as well-known: the Polar Prize[?] in music, the Fields Medal in mathematics, the Wollaston Medal[?] in geology, the Schock Prizes in logic and philosophy, mathematics, visual arts and musical arts[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/no/Nobel.html (508 words)

	Nobel Prizes - MSN Encarta
		Nobel Prizes, annual monetary awards granted to individuals or institutions for outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, international peace, and economic sciences.
		In 1900 the Nobel Foundation was established to manage the fund and to administer the activities of the institutions charged with selecting winners.
		In the fall of the year preceding the award, Nobel committees distribute invitations to members of the prize-awarding bodies, to previous Nobel prize winners, and to professors in relevant fields at certain colleges and universities.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567175/Nobel_Prizes.html (695 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Science (The Prize's Rite) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the century since the Nobel Foundation was established, many have speculated on the reasons why Alfred Nobel did not provide for a prize to be awarded for achievement in the field of mathematics.
		Some variations of the legend claim it was Nobel's fiancée or mistress who was carrying on the affair, with her partner in infidelity identified as the eminent Swedish mathematician Gosta Mittag-Leffler.
		Nobel was interested in development work and specified that his prizes should be awarded for "important discoveries and inventions." Mathematics was a field he may have considered too theoretical to produce the direct practical benefits to mankind whose discoverers he sought to reward.
	www.snopes.com /science/nobel.htm (839 words)

	The Lasker Foundation \| Nobel Hearings
		David Baltimore, president of the California Institute of Technology, won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery, along with Howard Temin, of "reverse transcriptase," an enzyme that is the central actor in the growth of cancer-inducing viruses.
		Meanwhile, Peter Doherty, who won a Nobel in 1996 for his work on viral immunity, alluded to the potential for greater problems by noting that scientists are studying a virus in sheep that is similar to HIV, but is a respiratory ailment spread by casual contact.
		Alfred Gilman, who won a Nobel in 1994 for his work in discovering elements central to understanding diseased cells, commented that "basic scientists are not averse to doing translational research." He pointed out that his colleagues often joke that there is not a full professor in California without his or her own biotech company.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /rprimers/nobel.html (5350 words)

	David J. Gross - 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics
		The prize is for the "discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction" and is shared with H. David Politzer of the California Institute of Technology and Frank Wilczek of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
		Gross was an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow (1970-74), was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1974, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1985, Member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1986 and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1987.
		He is the recipient of the J. Sakurai Prize of the American Physical Society in 1986, a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship Prize in 1987, the Dirac Medal in 1988, the Oscar Klein Medal in 2000 and the Harvey Prize of the Technion in 2000.
	www.ucsb.edu /nobel/gross.shtml (666 words)

	Alfred Nobel \| Swedish Industrialist
		Nobel was interested in literature and wrote novels, poetry and plays in his spare time.
		Nobel discovered that a mix of nitroglycerin and a fine porous powder called kieselguhr was most effective.
		The Alfred Nobel Story explores the tragedy, redemption and triumph of this enigmatic figure as told through the eyes of Bertha von Suttner, one of the first recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize.
	www2.lucidcafe.com /lucidcafe/library/95oct/alfnobel.html (575 words)

	CNN - Columbia University economist wins Nobel - October 13, 1999
		The Canadian-born economist "has established the foundation for the theory that dominates practical policy considerations of monetary and fiscal policy in open economies," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said.
		The literature Nobel was awarded Sept. 30 to German novelist Guenter Grass.
		Ahmed Zewail, an Egyptian-American, won the chemistry prize Tuesday for pioneering the use of rapid-fire laser flashes that illuminate the motion of atoms in a molecule.
	cnn.com /US/9910/13/nobel.01/index.html (561 words)

	Nobel Foundation awards prizes Bangladesh Turkey United States
		The most prestigious prize in the world, the Nobel Peace Prize, will be awarded at a glittering ceremony in Oslo to "the banker of the poor," a Bangladeshi economist.
		At a separate ceremony in Stockholm on the same date, a Turkish author will receive the Nobel Prize for Literature, and Americans will receive the remaining prizes One American will be walking in his father's footsteps to the podium.
		The Nobel Foundation reports that the number of new Nobel Laureates in 2006 was less than for any previous year of the 21st century, and that Nobel Prize in Physics will be awarded for the 100th time in 2006.
	www.newsahead.com /PREVIEW/Nobel_awards_Dec_06.htm (515 words)

	The Noble Prize-Nobel Foundation-Task of Nobel Foundation_GKIndia.com
		The Nobel Foundation is a private institution established in 1900 on the basis of the will of Alfred Nobel and the founding statutes promulgated in connection with the will.
		The Foundation is entrusted with protecting the common interests of the prize-awarding bodies appointed in the will and with representing the Nobel institutions externally.
		The Foundation is represented by a Board, which has its seat in Stockholm and consists of seven members and two deputies, Swedish or Norwegian citizens, who are elected by the Trustees of the prize-awarding bodies.
	www.gkindia.com /NoblePrize/taskofnobelfoundation.htm (254 words)

	[No title]
		The Nobel Prizes were created as one of the bequests in the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish weapons designer whose high-power explosives improved mining and lay the foundation for modern warfare.
		Nobel didn't want to be remembered as the man responsible so he left a large amount of money to the awarding of prizes every year.
		Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered radical views in his era.
	www.lycos.com /info/alfred-nobel--sweden-prize.html (551 words)

	Nobel Prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Nobel Prizes are generally awarded to people, (or in the case of Nobel Peace Prize, also to organizations) who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society.
		The Nobel Peace Prize is given in Oslo, Norway, by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
		The first Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch and Jan Tinbergen for "having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes'".
	nobel-prize.iqnaut.net (1496 words)

	The Norwegian Nobel Institute / Wangari Maathai
		In this year's prize, the Norwegian Nobel Committee has placed the critical issue of environment and its linkage to democracy and peace before the world.
		The Norwegian Nobel Committee has challenged the world to broaden the understanding of peace: there can be no peace without equitable development; and there can be no development without sustainable management of the environment in a democratic and peaceful space.
		It is for this reason that I have established the Wangari Maathai Foundation to ensure the continuation and expansion of these activities.
	nobelpeaceprize.org /eng_lect_2004b.html (2296 words)

	The Nobel Prize Laureates
		The Nobel Prize (pronounced no-BELL) is awarded annually to people who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society.
		The first ceremony to award the Nobel Prizes in literature, physics, chemistry, and medicine was held at the Old Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm in 1901; since 1902, the prizes have been formally awarded by the King of Sweden.
		However, the names of the laureates are typically announced in October by the different committees and institutions that serve as selection boards for the prizes.
	www.nobelpreis.org /english/index.html (403 words)

	Nobel Prize History
		Nobel also contributed to the inventions of synthetic rubber, artificial silk, and synthetic leather.
		The first female Nobel prize winner, Baroness Bertha von Suttner, in 1905, was perhaps the inspiration for the award itself.
		Each winner of a Nobel Prize, which can go to individuals and institutions, takes home a medal, a diploma, and cash, which varies each year and depends on the income earned on the Nobel Foundation fund.
	www.factmonster.com /spot/nobel-prize-history.html (821 words)

	Nobel Conference at AllExperts
		The Nobel Conference is the first ongoing academic conference in the United States to have the official authorization of the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden.
		Following the 1963 Nobel Prize ceremonies in Stockholm, College representatives met with Nobel Foundation officials, asking them to endorse an annual science conference at the College and to allow use of the Nobel name to establish credibility and high standards.
		At the urging of several prominent Nobel laureates, the foundation granted the request and the first conference was held at the College in January 1965.
	en.allexperts.com /e/n/no/nobel_conference.htm (446 words)

	Sci-Tech Today \| Cisco To Put Nobel Prizewinners Online
		The revered but heretofore inaccessible Nobel Foundation announced Monday an initiative aimed at bringing the great minds and works of the 20th century to a wider audience via the Internet.
		The Nobel Foundation is the central body of the Nobel organization, which every year awards the Nobel prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and literature, as well as economics.
		The foundation and the prize-awarding institutions -- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute and the Norwegian Nobel Committee -- have historically shied away from commercial involvement.
	www.sci-tech-today.com /perl/story/6893.html (583 words)

	Sweden's Nobel Stamps
		Nobel issues are also often used on covers made for collectors of Swedish pictorial cancels.
		The first Nobel related stamps were the 1924 UPU set which shows the tower of the Stockholm City Hall, site of the Nobel banquet.
		I think it is safe to say that the idea of commemorating Nobel prize winners each year as the current Nobel prizes were being awarded was established in 1958-60.
	www.asis.com /~edenson/swenobel.html (1793 words)

	Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economics
		In 1896, Alfred Nobel, the Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite, bequeathed his fortune to a foundation to create an annual prize for person "who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind." Nobel's will specified prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology/medicine, literature and peace.
		The Nobel Memorial Prize has a similar procedure of award selection (by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) as the original Nobel prizes.
		Winners are requested to present a "Nobel Memorial Lectures", which is initially published in the volume Les Prix Nobel en 19xx, put out every year by the Nobel Foundation and then republished later in the academic journals of their laureate's choice.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/schools/nobel.htm (2149 words)

	[No title]
		The Nobel Foundation is a private institution established in 1900 based on the will of Alfred Nobel.
		The Norwegian Nobel Institute was established in 1904.
		Its principal duty is to assist the Nobel Committee in the task of selecting the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize and to organize the annual Nobel events in Oslo.
	www.usemb.se /nobel (368 words)

	Female Nobel Prize Laureates
		In 1903, only two years after the Nobel Foundation was established, a Nobel Prize was awarded to a woman, Marie Curie, for the first time.
		In fact, one woman, Bertha von Suttner was influential in convincing Alfred Nobel to establish a Prize for Peace.
		Nobel Prize Women in Science: Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries, by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne, is the first book to examine the lives and accomplishments of women who have received the Nobel Prize, as well as those those who contributed to prize-winning projects.
	www.almaz.com /nobel/women.html (573 words)

	ALFRED NOBEL SWEDISH CHEMIST AND THE NOBEL PEACE, PHYSICS, MEDICINE AND LITERATURE PRIZES
		Efforts to promote peace were close to his heart and he derived intellectual pleasure from literature, while science built the foundation for his own activities as an inventor.
		The Nobel Committee at the Academy is responsible for the selection of candidates among the nominees (see Nomination and Selection of the Nobel Laureates).
		In the beginning, more than three prize winners could share a Nobel Prize and although this never actually happened, paragraph four of the Statutes of the Nobel Foundation was amended in 1968, restricting the maximum number of prizewinners in any category to only three.
	www.solarnavigator.net /history/nobel_prize.htm (495 words)

	UCSB Nobel Laureates
		Professor Gross shared the Nobel Prize for solving the last great remaining problem of what has since come to be called "the Standard Model" of the quantum mechanical picture of reality.
		Professor Heeger shared the Nobel Prize for his role in the revolutionary discovery that plastics can have the properties of metals and semiconductors, a finding that created an important new field of research.
		Supported by the National Science Foundation, the institute brings leading scientists from across the globe to UCSB to work on major problems in theoretical physics and related fields.
	www.ucsb.edu /nobel/index.shtml (870 words)

	The Nobel Foundation
		The Foundation manages the assets made available through the will for the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace.
		Nobel Week 2006 An extensive programme was scheduled in Oslo and Stockholm for the new Nobel Laureates.
		The Nobel Foundation: A Century of Growth and Change The Foundation and especially the Nobel Prizes are closely linked to the history of modern science, the arts, and political developments throught the 20th century.
	www.nobel.se /nobel/nobel-foundation/index.html (149 words)

	Awards - Nobel Prize
		Every year since 1901 the Nobel Prizes have been given for achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for peace.
		The Nobel Prize is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden.
		In 1968, the Bank of Sweden instituted the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.
	www.llnl.gov /llnl/sciencetech/awards/nobel_prize.jsp (202 words)

	Inventor Alfred Nobel Biography
		In 1866, Alfred Nobel discovered that mixing nitroglycerine with silica would turn the liquid into a paste which could be shaped into rods of a size and form suitable for insertion into drilling holes.
		Alfred Bernhard Nobel, Swedish chemist, inventor, and philanthropist, born in Stockholm.
		Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/nobel.htm (692 words)

	:: The Nobel Monument in New York ::
		This project was initiated and overseen by the Consulate General of Sweden and the City of New York, Department of Parks and Recreation.
		The names of the 2005 American Nobel Laureates were unveiled at a ceremony at the Nobel Monument in Theodore Roosevelt Park in New York City on June 12, 2006.
		The winners were awarded the grand prize — all-expenses-paid trips to the Nobel Week Festivities in Stockholm in December, including the Prize Award Ceremony and the world-famous Nobel Banquet.
	www.nobelmonument.com (270 words)

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