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	Nobel Prize - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nobel Prizes are prizes instituted by the will of Alfred Nobel, awarded to people (and also to organizations in the case of the Nobel Peace Prize) who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society.
		Although Nobel's will established the prizes, because his plan was incomplete and due to various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes awarded in 1901.
		A common legend states that Nobel decided against a prize in mathematics because a woman he proposed to (or his wife, or his mistress) rejected him or cheated on him with a famous mathematician, often claimed to be Gösta Mittag-Leffler.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobel_Prize (1771 words)

	Institute of Physics - About the Institute of Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This medal was instituted by the Council of The Physical Society in 1923 as a memorial to William du Bois Duddell, the inventor of the electromagnetic oscillograph.
		This award was instituted by the Council of the Institute in October 1994 in recognition of the importance of promoting public awareness of the place of physics in the world, of its contributions to the quality of life and its advancement of an understanding of the physical world and the place of humanity within it.
		This Award was instituted by the Council of the Institute of Physics in 1997 to commemorate Sir Nevill Mott FRS, President of The Physical Society from 1956 to 1958 and Nobel Laureate in physics in 1977 who died in 1996.
	about.iop.org /IOP/Awards/details.html (2916 words)

	Nobel Prize/Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 Nobel for the discovery of radioactivity in 1896, shared with Pierre Curie and Antoine Henri Becquerel.
		Cornell and Wieman Share 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics Press releases from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and explanations of the work on Bose-Einstein condensates which won the Nobel Prize.
		The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 This includes the press release of the Nobel Committee for the prize given to Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. Phillips, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Nobel_Prize/Physics.html (477 words)

	Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) is an institute of the University of California, Santa Barbara.
		It is one of the most renowned institutes for theoretical physics in the world.
		In the early 2000s, the institute, formerly known simply as the Institute for Theoretical Physics, or ITP, was named for the Norwegian/US-American physicist and businessman Fred Kavli, in recognition of his very generous donation of $7.5 million to the Institute.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kavli_Institute_for_Theoretical_Physics (153 words)

	NIST Physics Laboratory home page
		Electron and Optical Physics: develops measurement methods and associated technology for determining electron and photon interactions with matter.
		conducts research in atomic and chemical physics, precision measurement, and laser and optical physics.
		Quantum Physics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has won the Nobel Prize along with two other researchers.
	physics.nist.gov (149 words)

	UCT Physics - W.E. Frahn
		Whereas his earliest research was concerned with non-local field theory on the basis of the Salpeter-Bethe equation, appearing in papers with H L Jordan in the Zeitschrift fur Natuurforschung, his life-long interest in nuclear scattering and reactions found expression in an enormous number of original contributions to the literature from 1956 onward.
		His monograph ``Diffractive Processes in Nuclear Physics'' (Oxford University Press, in press) summarizes the enormous amount of research which he carried out on this far-reaching generalization of the classical concept of diffraction in which many aspects of nuclear ``Fresnel'' and ``Fraunhofer'' diffraction are developed with mathematical elegance.
		In 1970 he was awarded the Havenga prize for physics at a meeting of Die Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns held in Stellenbosch, and in 1979 the South Africa Medal of the SA Association for the Advancement of Science (SA).
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/physics/history/frahn.html (648 words)

	Nobel Physics - Physics
		One of this year's Nobel Prize winner in Physics Masatoshi Koshiba descibed how he was at the bottom of his class and said that academic records are not necessarily a determining factor in setting the course of one's life.
		NJP is co-owned by the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (the German Physical Society).
		Some 14 years later he lectures Nobel prize winners in physics on the science of food and taste, or molecular gastronomy as it has come to be known; corresponds with the likes of Harold McGee, the author of Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Charles Spence, a professor of experimental psychology...
	nobelphysics.fetsphysics.com (1690 words)

	Cornell and Wieman share 2001 Nobel Prize in physics
		Eric A. Cornell of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Carl E. Wieman of the University of Colorado at Boulder today were awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in physics.
		Cornell, 39, is a senior scientist at the U.S. Department of Commerce's NIST and an adjoint professor of physics at CU-Boulder.
		Thomas Cech, a CU-Boulder professor of chemistry and biochemistry, was a co-winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in chemistry.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-10/nios-caw101001.php (371 words)

	Werner Heisenberg - Biography
		In 1926 he was appointed Lecturer in Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen under Niels Bohr and in 1927, when he was only 26, he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Leipzig.
		During 1955 Heisenberg was occupied with preparations for the removal of the Max Planck Institute for Physics to Munich.
		Still Director of this Institute, he went with it to Munich and in 1958 he was appointed Professor of Physics in the University of Munich.
	www.nobel.se /physics/laureates/1932/heisenberg-bio.html (920 words)

	HANNES ALFVEN Hannes Alfven
		In spite of these fundamental contributions to physics and astrophysics, Alfven, who retired his posts of professor of electrical engineering at the University of California at San Diego and professor of plasma physics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1991, was still viewed as a heretic by many in those very fields.
		Several academies and institutes claimed his name in their membership rosters: the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (life fellow), the European Physical Society, the Royal Swedish Academy, the Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences.
		In1940 he became professor of electromagnetic theory and electrical measurements at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and in 1945 he was elected to a newly created Chair of Electronics at the same institute which was converted to a Chair of Plasma Physics in 1963.
	www.tmgnow.com /repository/cosmology/alfven.html (3174 words)

	School of Physics and Astronomy- University of Nottingham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We are absolutely delighted that Professor Sir Peter Mansfield, who has been a member of the School of Physics and Astronomy for nearly 40 years, has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine, recognising the huge part that this brilliant physicist played in the invention of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
		He is responsible for the introduction of new understanding of important aspects of the physics of NMR and image formation, as well as the invention of many of the techniques and features of the scanner equipment that were needed to make clinical MRI a reality.
		Award of the Nobel Prize is testament to the profound impact that this eminent physicist’s work has had on the practice of medicine.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /physics/nobel.phtml (252 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nobel Institute official Sven Larkenson called the revelations "an embarrassment to the physics guys and their credibility...and I guess our credibility, too." The judge in question, 89 year-old French scholar, Jean-Jacques ("J.J.") Lacroix has been ordered to appear before the United Nations General Assembly for a judicial hearing scheduled Thursday.
		A team of three Russian physicistsÐ Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il'ja Mikhailovich, and Igor YevgenyevichÐ were awarded the 1958 Nobel Physics Prize for their work in discovering and interpreting "The Cherenkov Effect".
		After reviewing the judge's tactics and the Russian scientists's performance, the Nobel Institute decided to strip the two Russians of their Nobel Prizes and award the Prizes to a lovable Canadian duo, Sylvie Picard and Mathieu Leduc, who engineered numerous breakthroughs in Zamboni technology throughout the 1950s.
	www.gwu.edu /~recess/article003.html (347 words)

	American Association of Physics Teachers member shares in Nobel Prize for physics
		Carl Wieman, a member of the American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT), is part of a team of physicists who will share the 2001 Nobel Prize for Physics for their work on creating the first Bose-Einstein condensates -the so-called fifth state of matter-in the laboratory.
		He is one of 18 faculty members with the title of distinguished professor on the CU-Boulder campus and is a fellow and former chairperson of JILA, a joint institute of CU-Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
		Wieman's numerous awards are the 2000 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics, the King Faisal International Prize for Science, the Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science, the 1996 Richtmyer Lecture Award from the AAPT, and the 2001 National Science Foundation Distinguished Scholar Teachers Award.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-10/aiop-aao101201.php (375 words)

	Nobel Prize in Physics 1924 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Karl Siegbahn's son, Kai M. Siegbahn, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1981.
		The institution(s) with which the Laureate was officially associated when s/he did the Nobel award work.
		Particularly in recent years, work leading to experimental discoveries is often conducted at one of a few large physics laboratories in the world.
	www.slac.stanford.edu /library/nobel/nobel1924.html (83 words)

	World's top theoretical physicists converge to consider 'future of physics'
		Santa Barbara, Calif.--"The Future of Physics" is the subject of a singular conference being hosted by the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) at the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) from Oct. 7 to Oct. 9.
		Gross shares the prize with another of the conference participants Frank Wilczek, now a physics professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who was Gross's graduate student at Princeton University, when the pair completed the calculation that resulted in the discovery for which they have received the Nobel Prize.
		Commemorating the 25th anniversary of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physic under the aegis of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the conference aspires to be an event that epitomizes its mission.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-10/uocs-wtt100604.php (2394 words)

	Institute of Physics - Media Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Speaking at the Institute of Physics conference Physics 2005 in Warwick today, Nobel laureate Steven Chu urged scientists to turn their attention to finding a environmentally friendly form of fuel.
		The Institute of Physics is a leading international professional body and learned society with over 37,000 members, which promotes the advancement and dissemination of a knowledge of and education in the science of physics, pure and applied.
		In Great Britain and Ireland the Institute is active in providing support for physicists in all professions and careers, encouraging physics research and its applications, providing support for physics in schools, colleges and universities, influencing government and informing public debate.
	physics.iop.org /IOP/Press/PR2605.html (991 words)

	www.iop.org from The Institute of Physics
		Institute of Physics Undergraduate Bursary Scheme Jun 16
		Copyright © Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing Ltd. 2000 - 2005.
		The Institute of Physics is a registered charity, No. 293851.
	www.ioppublishing.com (62 words)

	ICBP 2004
		There are 16 plenary lectures and 12 symposia, in principle covering all areas within biological physics with the aim to present the frontier developments.
		In this modeling also physics will be important, to discriminate between different intracellular network theories, however, as an integrated part of molecular biology.
		Related to this are questions about the characterization of life and what is called “artificial life”, models with relevant features (such as the possibility of evolution) in common with existing life, as well as investigations of methods for creating systems exhibiting life-like behaviour.
	fy.chalmers.se /icbp2004 (2868 words)

	Nobelium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was created with a cyclotron at the Nobel Institute of Physics in Stockholm when a target of curium-244 was bombarded with heavy carbon-13 ions.
		In 1958, scientists from the Berkeley Lab in California set out to verify the results from the Nobel Institute but could not reproduce the findings of the Nobel group.
		The Berkeley radiation, who had been reporting discoveries of new elements for almost two decades, produced an isotope of the new element having an atomic mass of 254 and a half-life of 3 seconds.
	nobel.scas.bcit.ca /resource/ptable/no.htm (153 words)

	Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg
		A year after he became professor of physics at Uppsala University, he and his colleagues furnished proof (1924) that X rays are refracted (bent) when they pass through prisms, just as light rays are, though the effect is weaker and obscured by absorption of the X rays.
		In 1937 Siegbahn became professor of physics at the University of Stockholm.
		In the same year the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences created the Nobel Institute of Physics at Stockholm and appointed Siegbahn its director; he retired from that position in 1975.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/546_25.html (243 words)

	Institute of Physics, Irish Branch Newsletter
		Ernest Walton was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1951, jointly with John Cockcroft, for their work in 1932 on splitting the atomic nucleus.
		A new course in Medical Physics was first presented in 1997 in the Dept of Experimental Physics in UCD and, due to the level of interest shown, will be presented again in Jan-April 1998.
		The Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Research Division at Queen's is particularly active in thin films deposition and characterisation and the investment associated with NICAM has enabled the purchase of additional state of the art materials preparation and analysis facilities.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /~fmdaly/ego/iopnews4.html (2048 words)

	MIT's Wilczek wins 2004 Nobel Prize in physics - MIT News Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--Professor Frank Wilczek, MIT's Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics, has won the 2004 Nobel Prize in physics for a "colorful" discovery in the world of quarks, the building blocks of the atomic nucleus.
		This theory was an important contribution to the Standard Model, the theory that describes all physics connected with the electromagnetic force (which acts between charged particles), the weak force (which is important for the sun's energy production) and the strong force (which acts between quarks).
		Wilczek's many awards include the the 2002 Lorentz Medal from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, which called him "one of the most influential theoretical physicists of his generation." He is a member of the American National Academy of Sciences, and has received the Dirac Medal (1994) and the Michelson-Morley Prize (2002).
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2004/nobel-wilczek.html (990 words)

	[No title]
		Regarded as a heretic by many physicists, Alfvén made contributions to physics that are today being applied in the development of particle beam accelerators, controlled thermonuclear fusion, hypersonic flight, rocket propulsion, and the braking of reentering space vehicles.
		In spite of these fundamental contributions to physics and astrophysics, Alfvén, who retired his posts of professor of electrical engineering at the University of California at San Diego and professor of plasma physics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1991, was still viewed as a heretic by many in those very fields.
		His thesis was entitled "Investigations of the Ultra-short Electromagnetic Waves." The same year Alfvén was appointed a docent in physics at both the University of Uppsala and the Nobel Institute for Physics in Stockholm.
	public.lanl.gov /alp/plasma/people/alfven.html (3177 words)

	Paul Dirac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dirac was still only 31 when he shared the Nobel Prize with Erwin Schrödinger, the Austrian physicist, in 1933.
		When informed that he had just won the Nobel Prize, for instance, he told Lord Rutherford, head of the Cavendish, that he did not want to accept it because he disliked publicity.
		Dirac continued to publish important papers on the quantum theory of fields and gravity throughout his career, and was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics in 1971.
	www.iop.org /diracbio.html (652 words)

	ScienceWeek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although he was recognized for his electrolytic theory of dissociation, his name is most familiar to modern chemistry students because of its association with a definition of acids and bases, and through the equation that relates reaction rate constants to activation energies and temperature.
		Arrhenius was actually considered for the physics as well as for the chemistry prize in 1903.
		Arrhenius went on to become chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physics of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in that capacity gave the presentation speech for Albert Einstein in 1921 and for Niels Bohr in 1922.
	www.scienceweek.com /2004/rmps-24.htm (378 words)

	AllRefer.com - Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		In 1913, he began a series of experiments that led to the discovery of the M series of X rays and demonstrated the shell arrangement of electrons within the atom.
		For that work, he was awarded the 1924 Nobel Prize for Physics.
		He later served (1937–64) as the director of the Nobel Institute of Physics in Stockholm.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SiegbmKMG.html (181 words)

	www.iop.org News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Speaking at the Institute of Physics conference Physics 2005, Dr Michael Murphy of Cambridge University will discuss the “fine structure constant” – one of the critical numbers in the universe which seems to be precisely tuned for life to exist – and suggest that it might not be constant after all.
		Paperclip Physics is organised by the Institute of Physics and the students taking part will have to explain some of the most complex ideas in physics to a panel of judges including Nick Owen from BBC TV Midlands.
		He was awarded the 1967 Nobel prize in physics for his theory on the nuclear reactions that take place inside stars and was one of the key figures in the Manhattan atomic bomb project during the Second World War.
	www.iop.org /news (5999 words)

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