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	Nobel Prize - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nobel Prizes are prizes instituted by the will of Alfred Nobel, awarded to people (and also to organizations in the case of the Nobel Peace Prize) who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society.
		The prizes are awarded at formal ceremonies held annually in the Stockholm Concert Hall and the Oslo City Hall on December 10, the date that Alfred Nobel passed away.
		A common legend states that Nobel decided against a prize in mathematics because a woman he proposed to (or his wife, or his mistress) rejected him or cheated on him with a famous mathematician, often claimed to be Gösta Mittag-Leffler.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobel_Prize (1771 words)

	Nobel Prize - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first ceremony to award the Nobel Prizes in literature, physics, chemistry, and medicine was held at the Old Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm in 1901; since 1902, the prizes have been formally awarded by the King of Sweden.
		The Nobel Prize may only be awarded to living persons; it may not be awarded posthumously, which has sometimes sparked criticism that someone deserving of a Nobel Prize never received the prize because he or she died before being nominated for it.
		Also, the economics prize committee was changed to require two non-economists to decide the prize each year, whereas previously the prize committee had consisted of five economists.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Nobel_Prize (799 words)

	Nobel Prize - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		King Oscar II did not initially approve of awarding grand national prizes to foreigners, but is said to have changed his mind after realizing the publicity value of the prizes for the country.
		The prizes are awarded at a formal ceremony held annually on December 10, the date that Alfred Nobel passed away.
		The first Nobel prize in Economy was awarded to Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch and Jan Tinbergen for "having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes".
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /nobel_prize.htm (1793 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nobel Prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Nobel Prizes are a series of awards, posthumously instituted by bequest of Alfred Nobel, to be awarded to individuals who had served humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
		The Ig Nobel Prizes are a parody of the Nobel Prizes and are given each year in early fall â€” around the time the recipients of the genuine Nobel Prizes are announced â€” for ten achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think.
		Winners of the Nobel prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nobel-Prize (4631 words)

	The 1975 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics: Some Uncomfortable Reflections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Economics, in this view, is concerned not at all with how to achieve individual or social efficiency; but rather with the social forces generated impersonally by the interaction of numerous decision makers each of whom is seeking to allocate his resources optimally.
		The peculiar character of the problem of a rational economic order is determined precisely by the fact that the knowledge of the circumstances of which we must make use never exists in concentrated or integrated form but solely as the dispersed bits of incomplete and frequently contradictory knowledge which all the separate individuals possess.
		Economics has, ever since Mises, had a very great deal to contribute on why such circumstances are inevitable; and ever since Adam Smith economics has had a great deal to say about how, under such circumstances, the economic problem faced by society comes to be solved.
	www.libertyhaven.com /theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/austrianeconomics/nobelmemo.html (2014 words)

	Abolish the Nobel in Economics, Many Scientists Agree by Hazel Henderson
		As this years Nobel Prizes were awarded last week, a number of scientists went public criticizing the mis-labeled “Nobel” Memorial Prize in Economics” as an embarrassment which is diminishing the value of all other Nobel Prizes.
		They reiterated similar criticisms of the economics prize by other mathematicians and physicists, because it is often given to economists who mis-use mathematics to claim that they have optimal ways of organizing societies.
		Ralph Abraham at the University of California, Santa Cruz adds, “The prize in economics should be broadened in line with the full spectrum of social sciences to which it belongs and it should be distanced from the Nobel awards, like the Fields Medals in mathematics.” Yet Peter Nobel maintains that economics is not a science.
	www.hazelhenderson.com /editorials/abolishTheNobel.html (1071 words)

	[No title]
		The medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace prizes were first awarded in 1901, while the economics prize was set up separately by the Swedish central bank in 1968.
		This year's Nobel Prize announcements began Oct. 4 with the prize in physiology or medicine going to Americans Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck for their work on the sense of smell.
		The Nobel Prizes are presented Dec. 10, the anniversary of the Nobel's death.
	www.firstcoastnews.com /news/news-article.aspx?storyid=25587 (724 words)

	Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economics
		In 1969, the Swedish central bank (Sveriges Riskbank) established a prize known as the "Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel", which is commonly shortened to the Nobel Memorial Prize.
		The Nobel Memorial Prize has been quite controversial since its inception and numerous objections have been raised against it.
		The first objection is that economics is either not "scientific" enough or does not contribute to "human advancement" enough to merit the prestige of an award with the Nobel name.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/schools/nobel.htm (2149 words)

	CTV.ca \| Three Americans share Nobel Prize for economics
		The prestigious prizes in physiology or medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace were established in the will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite, and were first awarded in 1901.
		The economics prize was established separately in 1968 by the Swedish central bank, but it is grouped with the other awards.
		The prizes are always presented to the winners on Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death in 1896.
	www.ctv.ca /servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1025062609553_20471809 (343 words)

	CNN.com - U.S pair win Nobel economics prize - October 11, 2000
		On Tuesday, the Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry were won by six scientists who helped bring about the Information Revolution of ever-smaller and faster personal computers, pocket calculators, cell phones, CD players, lifelike TV screens and Gameboys.
		The chemistry prize went to Alan Heeger, 64, of the University of California-Santa Barbara, Alan MacDiarmid, 73, of the University of Pennsylvania and Hideki Shirakawa, 64, of the University of Tsukuba in Japan.
		The prizes always are presented December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death in 1896.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/scandinavia/10/11/nobel.economics (755 words)

	Nobel Prize/Economics Article, NobelPrize/Economics Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences (often called erroneously The Nobel Prize inEconomics or The Nobel Prize for Economics) is different from the rest of prizes awarded at the Nobel Prize ceremony in that it is not part of the Alfred Nobel bequest.
		The Prize was instituted by the Bank of Sweden (Sveriges Riksbank) at its 300th anniversity in 1969.
		Members of the Nobel family are contesting use of the term Nobel Prize in Economics in any context.
	www.anoca.org /robert/yearnametopics/nobel_prize_economics.html (175 words)

	Nobel Memorial Prize Winners in Economic Science, Biography: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of ...
		The Nobel Prize was established by the will of Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), the Swedish chemist who invented dynamite, to recognize humanitarian endeavors in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
		A prize in economics was introduced in 1969 after the Bank of Sweden donated funds for its monetary awards.
		In economics the prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/bios/CEENobelList.html (257 words)

	UNECE - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
		The lecture series is named in honour of Gunnar Myrdal, first Executive Secretary of the ECE (1947-1957) and winner of the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.
		The 2004 lecture was given by Joseph Stiglitz, winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2001.
		The 2003 lecture was given by Douglass C. North, winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1993.
	www.unece.org /ead/ead_myrdal_new.htm (170 words)

	Nobel literature prize announcement to cap speculation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nobel simply stated that the literature award go to the person who produced the ``most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency.'' He also directed that no consideration be given to nationality, but most observers believe that the academy tries to spread the honor among countries.
		The physics prize was shared by American Jack Kilby, 76, who invented the integrated circuit at Texas Instruments in 1958, Herbert Kroemer, 72, of the University of California-Santa Barbara, and Zhores Alferov, 70, of the A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technico Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia.
		This year's chemistry prize went to Alan Heeger, 64, of the University of California-Santa Barbara, Alan MacDiarmid, 73, of the University of Pennsylvania and Hideki Shirakawa, 64, of the University of Tsukuba in Japan, for their discovery that plastic could be modified to conduct electricity.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/2000/10/12/international0230EDT0458.DTL (503 words)

	CBC News: Norwegian, American win Nobel economics award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kydland is the third Norwegian to win the economics prize, while Prescott is the fifth American to win it since 2000.
		The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is the only award named after Nobel, but not established in his will.
		Nobel awards in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace prizes were first awarded in 1901.
	www.cbc.ca /story/world/national/2004/10/11/nobel_041011.html (360 words)

	Economy
		This year's Nobel Prize recognizes the efforts of those who were regarded as renegades till just two decades ago.
		When Sweden’s King Carl XVI Gustaf will present this year’s Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics amidst an official ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, one of the recipients is going to be a psychologist.
		His work has transformed economics from a science in which only field observations were possible to one in which data can be generated from simulated conditions in a laboratory that mirrors the real world.
	www.nepalnews.com /contents/englishmonthly/businessage/2002/nov/economy.htm (1474 words)

	Baylor University \|\| The Lariat Online \|\| News
		His passion for economics is what led to his nomination announced at a 2004 awards ceremony held by the International Institute for Advanced Studies in Baden, Germany Aug. 4, 2004.
		The tradition of awarding the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics began in 1968 when the Central Bank of Sweden established it in honor of Alfred Nobel's memory.
		The other five prizes are awarded in the areas of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace.
	www.baylor.edu /lariat/news.php?action=story&story=20542 (848 words)

	nobel prize economics - infos
		The 1997 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Robert C. Merton and Myron S. Scholes for their work, along with Fischer Black, in developing the Fischer-Black options pricing model.
		The Nobel Prize for Economics (or, more correctly, The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel) is the world's most prestigious award for contributions to the field of Economics.
		Winners of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (a.k.a.
	www.angelfire.com /alt2/ang7/11/nobel-prize-economics.html (293 words)

	: ABOLISH THE ''NOBEL'' IN ECONOMICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As this year's Nobel Prizes were awarded, a number of scientists went public criticizing the mis-labeled "Nobel" Memorial Prize in Economics as an embarrassment which diminishes the value of all other Nobel Pries.
		In awarding the economics prize, the Swedish Central Bank, in its continuing and subtle campaign to legitimate economic as a ''science'', still hopes to portray the field as politically neutral.
		It is precisely these claims that economics shares science's ''value-free'' objectivity and mathematical precision that have given economists their mystique and predominant role in public policy-making worldwide.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/interna.asp?idnews=26739 (269 words)

	NCPA - Economic Issues - The Politics Of An Economics Prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The award of this year's Nobel Memorial Prize in economics to Columbia University economist Robert Mundell has aroused more than the usual amount of controversy because, unlike the awards for the hard sciences, there is an element of political judgment in the economics award.
		In Mundell's case, the political issue is supply-side economics, which he has espoused for many years.
		To many, supply-side economics remains a kooky theory about cutting taxes without losing any revenue, which caused the massive budget deficits of the 1980s.
	www.ncpa.org /pd/economy/pd102799a.html (340 words)

	Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in ... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in...
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bank_of_Sweden_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_in_... (61 words)

	(10/11/00) U graduate wins Nobel Prize in Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		MINNEAPOLIS / ST. PAUL--Daniel L. McFadden, who received a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Minnesota in 1962, was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics Wednesday along with James J. Heckman, 56, of the University of Chicago.
		The two professors were cited by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for their work in microeconometrics, which combines economics and statistics.
		The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics was established in 1968.
	www1.umn.edu /urelate/newsservice/newsreleases/00_10nobel.html (377 words)

	USATODAY.com - Excerpts from the citation for the 2004 Nobel Memorial Prize in economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		USATODAY.com - Excerpts from the citation for the 2004 Nobel Memorial Prize in economics
		Excerpts from the citation for the 2004 Nobel Memorial Prize in economics
		This research shifted the practical discussion of economic policy away from isolated policy measures toward the institutions of policymaking, a shift that has largely influenced the reforms of central banks and the design of monetary policy in many countries over the last decade.
	www.usatoday.com /money/economy/2004-10-11-nobel-citation_x.htm (505 words)

	Yale Bulletin & Calendar - News Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Robert E. Lucas Jr., the John Dewey Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago and a recipient of the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1995, will deliver the 10th Simon Kuznets Memorial Lectures on Wednesday and Thursday, Oct. 23-24.
		The lectures were established to honor the memory of the late Simon Kuznets, an earlier recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize and a pioneer in the use of statistics and economics to understand economic history and the process of modern economic growth.
		In its citation for his award, the Nobel Committee described his contributions in economics by saying, "Robert Lucas is the economist who has had the greatest influence on macroeconomic research since 1970.
	www.yale.edu /opa/ybc/v25.n9.news.04.html (260 words)

	Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economics
		Rather, in the late 1960s, the Swedish central bank (Sveriges Riskbank) established a prize known as the "Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel", which is commonly shortened to Nobel Memorial Prize.
		The Memorial Prizes are not awarded by the Nobel Foundation (which awards most of the other well-known "Nobel Prizes"), but continues to be awarded by the Riksbank, although the formal ceremonies are shared.
		The Nobel name, of course, lends a powerful platform and the awards committee has made controversial and idiosyncratic choices which have had a profound impact on the economics profession.
	homepage.newschool.edu /het/schools/nobel2.htm (1545 words)

	Boston Globe Online / Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The announcement completed a near sweep of the 1980 Nobel Prizes by Americans; they won or shared five out of the six awards.
		Klein, an economic adviser to Jimmy Carter during his 1976 presidential campaign, was cited by the Swedish Academy of Sciences "for the creation of econometric models and their application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies."
		The prize in chemistry went to Americans Paul Berg of Stanford University and Walter Gilbert of Harvard and Briton Frederick Sanger.
	www.boston.com /globe/search/stories/nobel/1980/1980k.html (745 words)

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