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Topic: Nobel Prize Laureates by Country

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	The Nobel Prize Laureates
		The first ceremony to award the Nobel Prizes in literature, physics, chemistry, and medicine was held at the Old Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm in 1901; since 1902, the prizes have been formally awarded by the King of Sweden.
		However, the names of the laureates are typically announced in October by the different committees and institutions that serve as selection boards for the prizes.
		The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiology or medical works by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm, and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting.
	www.nobelpreis.org /english/index.html (403 words)

	Catalyst Online: More Stories
		The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of sciences; that for physiology or medical works by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm and for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting” (Norwegian Parliament).
		Some argue that winning the prize is the kiss of death for future creativity; others that the prizes only go to people already past their prime, already in retirement or close to death due to old age.
		He received the Nobel prize in physics for an important but minor contribution, related to the explanation of the so called Brownian movement of the molecules, which palled in comparison with his major achievement related to the development of the theory of the relativity.
	www.musc.edu /catalyst/archive/2001/co10-26nobel.htm (1872 words)

	Nobel Prize - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - The Nobel Prizes are prizes awarded annually to people (and, in the case of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Until the Norwegian Nobel Committee was established in 1904, the President of Norwegian Parliament made the formal presentation of the Nobel Peace Prize.
		The prize is awarded by the John W. Kluge Center at the Library of Congress.
		The Prize recognizes at the dawn of the Third Millennium the promise that the United States brought to the world at the end of the Second Millennium by demonstrating leadership in the human sciences and subsidizing them at a level unprecedented in human history.
	www.sanpablocaus.com /section/Nobel_Prize (3509 words)

	Female Nobel Prize Laureates
		In 1903, only two years after the Nobel Foundation was established, a Nobel Prize was awarded to a woman, Marie Curie, for the first time.
		Women have won Prizes in all categories with the exception of Economics (which was established in 1968 and first awarded in 1969).
		Nobel Prize Women in Science: Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries, by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne, is the first book to examine the lives and accomplishments of women who have received the Nobel Prize, as well as those those who contributed to prize-winning projects.
	www.almaz.com /nobel/women.html (573 words)

	Nobel Prize - dKosopedia
		The Nobel Prize is the international award given yearly since 1901 for achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace.
		In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) instituted the Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.
		The Nobel Prize may only be awarded to living persons; it may not be awarded posthumously, which has sometimes sparked criticism that someone deserving of a Nobel Prize never received the prize because he or she died before being nominated for it.
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Nobel_Prize (395 words)

	Australian Nobel Prize winners
		Awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
		Awarded the Nobel Prize for his research concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.
		The youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize which was jointly awarded with his father, Sir William Henry Bragg.
	www.studyinaustralia.gov.au /Sia/en/WhyAustralia/NobelPrizes.htm (327 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Nobel laureates accept awards in Sweden and Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Nobel laureates for literature, physics, economics and chemistry accepted their awards Sunday at a ceremony in Stockholm.
		The Nobel Prizes, announced in October, are always presented in the two Scandinavian capitals on Dec. 10 to mark the anniversary of the 1896 death of their creator, Alfred Nobel.
		Nobel Committee chairman Ole Danbolt Mjoes said the award was partially intended as an outstretched hand to the Islamic world in an era when Muslims are often demonized because of terrorism.
	crossword.uniontrib.com /news/world/20061210-1020-nobelprizes.html (760 words)

	Nobel Peace Laureates Conference \| 1998
		It was against this backdrop of spiraling violence that Betty Williams said "enough." For her efforts in trying to bring peace to Northern Island, she received the 1976 Carl von Ossietsky Medal for Courage from the Berlin section of the Inter national League of Human Rights.
		In presenting the prize to Williams and Corrigan, Norwegian Nobel Committee vice-chairman Egil Aarvik said, "One of the reasons why the women proved so successful in their campaign is that on both sides of the frontline, a desperate yearning for p eace had taken root.
		In the 22 years since receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, she has traveled around the world, lecturing on peace and working with fellow laureates to advance the cause of peace.
	www.virginia.edu /nobel/laureates/bios/williams_bio.html (1080 words)

	Nobel Prize turns 100: Take the 'Nobel Challenge'
		Answer: D. The 1995 Economics prize money was shared by a woman, however, when winner Robert E. Lucas of the University of Chicago split the money with his ex-wife to honor a clause in their divorce agreement.
		Answer: C. Curie was co-recipient of the 1903 prize for physics and sole recipient of the 1911 prize for chemistry.
		Answer: D. Perhaps the strongest advocate of nonviolence in the 20th century, Gandhi never received a Nobel Prize, though he was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947 and, finally, a few days before he was murdered in January 1948.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2001/october3/nobelquiz-103.html (358 words)

	CNN - The 1997 Nobel Prizes
		And since the first prizes were awarded in 1901, Americans have won 76 medicine prizes, 65 physics prizes, 44 chemistry prizes and 27 prizes in economics.
		The $1 million physics prize was split between Americans Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of France for developing techniques to cool and trap atoms with laser light.
		The Nobel committee said that it was well aware of the Russians' work, but said it was not as developed as that of the winners.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1997/nobel.prize/stories/americans.sciences (653 words)

	The Bryan-College Station Eagle>A&M News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Barton won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1969 for research on basic molecule structures that led to groundbreaking scientific discoveries, including a better understanding of DNA.
		He won the Nobel Prize in physics in 2000 for inventing the integrated circuit, which is used today in everything from computers to washing machines.
		After 12 years, the country recorded higher yields of the grain produced and that led Mexico to reduce the amount of wheat it imported, he said.
	www.theeagle.com /aandmnews/anniversary/2anobelpursuit.htm (1187 words)

	Nobel Prize Winners Series
		Arranged alphabetically by last name, each informative 1,200 to 2,500-word essay provides abundant information on the Laureate's life and achievements, with special emphasis on the body of work for which the prize was awarded.
		Critical assessment of the Laureate's contribution to his or her field.
		Nobel Prize Winners includes information on how the Nobel Prize was established, the history of the Nobel Prize and Nobel institutions, and the processes by which Laureates are selected and prizes awarded.
	www.hwwilson.com /print/pr_nobel.htm (255 words)

	The Norwegian Nobel Institute
		The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2003 to Shirin Ebadi for her efforts for democracy and human rights.
		It is important to her that the dialogue between the different cultures and religions of the world should take as its point of departure their shared values.
		It is a pleasure for the Norwegian Nobel Committee to award the Peace Prize to a woman who is part of the Moslem world, and of whom that world can be proud - along with all who fight for human rights wherever they live.
	nobelpeaceprize.org /eng_lau_announce2003.html (280 words)

	The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: Preface to the Centennial Edition
		The book was the first such general account by a scholar not connected with the Nobel prize establishments in Stockholm and Oslo, and it did seem to meet a need.
		Interest in the peace prize has grown, as can be seen in the increase of the number of nominees proposed to the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
		They have made his prize the most prestigious in the world for those who have, in his words, conferred “the greatest benefit on mankind” in the area of peace, as the Norwegian Nobel committees have broadly conceived of this.
	www.irwinabrams.com /books/excerpts/preface.html (1032 words)

	Online NewsHour: 2003 Nobel Peace Prize -- October 10, 2003
		Two biochemists were honored with the Nobel prize for chemistry in recognition of their discoveries of aquaporins.
		OLE DANBOLT MJOES, Chairman, Norwegian Nobel Committee: We hope the prize will be an inspiration for all those who struggle for human rights and democracy in her country, in the Muslim world, and in all countries where the fight for human rights needs inspiration and support.
		RAY SUAREZ: Professor Nafisi, that same Nobel Committee was careful to refer to Shirin Ebadi as a conscious Muslim, to cite the fact that she is still a person of faith.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/middle_east/july-dec03/nobel_10-10.html (1444 words)

	List of Nobel laureates - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners.
		The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the physics section.
		The prize money for this year was allocated to the Special Fund of the chemistry section.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates (1350 words)

	The Norwegian Nobel Institute
		Most Nobel laureates have carried out our work in safety, but there are others who have acted with great personal courage.
		Our gross national economy exceeds that of the three countries that follow us, and our nation's voice most often prevails as decisions are made concerning trade, humanitarian assistance, and the allocation of global wealth.
		Citizens of the ten wealthiest countries are now seventy-five times richer than those who live in the ten poorest ones, and the separation is increasing every year, not only between nations but also within them.
	nobelpeaceprize.org /eng_lect_2002b.html (2377 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Nobel winners attack Bush economics
		Ten Nobel prize winning economists have attacked President George W Bush's tax cutting policies.
		Nobel economic laureates Joseph Stiglitz, Franco Modigliani and Lawrence Klein reserved much of their scorn for the proposal to cut the tax on share dividend payouts.
		The seven other Nobel winners who signed the statement were George Akerlof, Kenneth Arrow, Daniel McFadden, Paul Samuelson, Robert Solow, Douglass North and William Sharpe.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/2735269.stm (377 words)

	The Nobel Peace Prize Winners
		The most "unsung" of the American Nobel Laureates, yet known as a hero throughout the developing world, he received the Nobel Peace Prize primarily for his work in reversing the food shortages that haunted India and Pakistan in the 1960s.
		He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize with Le Duc Tho of North Vietnam, for jointly negotiating the Vietnam peace accord in 1973.
		The communist authorities were forced to capitulate and to negotiate, eventually granting the workers the right to strike and to organize their own independent unions.
	www.thecommunity.com /learn/laureates.html (1161 words)

	Nobel Peace Laureates Conference \| 1998
		In conferring the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize to two East Timorese peace activists, Bishop Carlos Ximenes Belo and José Ramos-Horta, the Nobel Committee sent a fundamental message to the world: the value and importance of respect for human rights is not measured by the numerical or political strength of an oppressed people.
		In the years since, he became the principal spokesman for his country’s cause, pleading its case before the United Nations, the European Union, and other diplomatic and political bodies.
		The awarding of the Nobel Prize to Belos and Ramos-Horta served to re-direct international attention to the conflict in East Timor.
	www.virginia.edu /nobel/laureates/bios/horta_bio.html (937 words)

	afrol News - Your Portal to Africa!
		Annan on being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 2001, the laureates state they are "deeply concerned by the lack of progress in the implementation of the referendum of self- determination in Western Sahara."
		The laureates state inderictly that this plan would be "a betrayal" of the Saharawi people.
		Further, the laureates call the recent Moroccan contracts with US and French oil companies for the exploration for oil in occupied Western Sahara "illegal".
	www.afrol.com /html/News2001/wsa014_nobel_laureates.htm (619 words)

	Toni Morrison - Nobel Lecture
		She is convinced that when language dies, out of carelessness, disuse, indifference and absence of esteem, or killed by fiat, not only she herself, but all users and makers are accountable for its demise.
		In her country children have bitten their tongues off and use bullets instead to iterate the voice of speechlessness, of disabled and disabling language, of language adults have abandoned altogether as a device for grappling with meaning, providing guidance, or expressing love.
		But it will never forget what they did here," his simple words are exhilarating in their life-sustaining properties because they refused to encapsulate the reality of 600, 000 dead men in a cataclysmic race war.
	nobelprize.org /literature/laureates/1993/morrison-lecture.html (2581 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Kenyan ecologist wins Nobel prize
		She is the first African woman to be awarded the peace prize since it was created in 1901.
		The prize committee says Mrs Maathai, Kenya's Deputy Environment Minister, is an example for all Africans fighting for democracy and peace.
		Mrs Maathai is the second woman in a row to be awarded the peace prize, which last year went to Iranian lawyer Shirin Ebadi for her work for the rights of women and children in Iran.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/3726024.stm (500 words)

	Media Matters - Dubious doctor touted as Nobel Prize nominee by Hannity, Scarborough
		Hammesfahr* testified during an October 2002 court hearing on the Schiavo case that his claim to be a Nobel nominee is based on a letter written by Rep.
		According to the process posted on the Nobel Prize website, the Nobel Assembly sends out invitations to approximately 3,000 people who are allowed to propose candidates.
		As for the touted "Nobel prize nomination" it was made by his local congressional rep. and was rejected for a lack of merit by the Nobel committee.
	mediamatters.org /items/200503220009 (2614 words)

	Nobel Peace Prize : Fifth World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates : AFSC
		Paul Lacey, chair of the AFSC board, and Mary Ellen McNish, AFSC general secretary, participated in the World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates.
		All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger.
		We, in the US peace and justice movement, who are especially grateful for support from peace movements around the world, will not sleep at night until we have our country back.
	www.afsc.org /about/nobel/5th-world-summit.htm (372 words)

	umkahlil: Nobel Laureates Laud Oppressor
		Nobel Prize winners who oppose the proposed Academic Boycott of Israel being debated this weekend by the British lecturers'union Natfhe write:
		Where are the eloquent voices of the Nobel laureates for the 1389 Palestinian school and university students prisoners?
		Sadly, for a people starved both physically and of their civil, legal and human rights, the only discourse our esteemed Nobel laureates manage is on behalf of a ruthless and oppressive regime.
	umkahlil.blogspot.com /2006/05/nobel-laureates-laud-oppressor.html (734 words)

	University of Florida News - UF student selected to attend meeting of Nobel Prize Laureates
		GAINESVILLE, Fla. — A University of Florida student will attend the 56th Lindau Meeting of Nobel Prize Laureates as part of a student delegation of 60 students from the United States.
		Since 1951, Nobel Laureates in chemistry, physics and physiology/medicine convene annually in Lindau, Germany, to have open and informal meetings with students and young researchers.
		The Laureates will lecture on topics of their choice related to chemistry in the mornings and participate in less formal small group discussions with the students in the afternoons and some evenings.
	news.ufl.edu /2006/06/19/nobel-prize-mtg (309 words)

	Meeting of the Nobel Laureates Participant Report
		The enthusiasm the Laureates have for their work was contagious and made you realize that you can have a long career in science that is fun and interesting.
		When you talk with the Laureates, you learn that they are all human and have all made mistakes in order to reach their successes.
		Some of the Laureates stressed the importance of being a well-rounded scientist; in terms of appreciating the important problems associated with different fields it is necessary to interact within those fields.
	www.orau.gov /orise/edu/Lindau2001/comments.htm (5472 words)

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