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Topic: Nobel Prize controversies

	Nobel Prize controversies - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The Nobel Prizes are a series of awards, posthumously instituted by bequest of Alfred Nobel, to be awarded to individuals who had served humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
		The prize was officially awarded for Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish's pioneering research in radioastrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture-synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.
		Fred Hoyle was denied a share of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983, although the winner William Fowler acknowledged Hoyle as the pioneer of the concept of stellar nucleosynthesis.
	arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Nobel_Prize_controversies (613 words)

	Nobel Prize - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The peace prize ceremony was held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute from 1905 until 1946, later at the Aula of the University of Oslo, and since 1990 at the Oslo City Hall.
		For example, in 2002, a Prize was awarded to Koichi Tanaka and John Fenn for the development of mass spectrometry in protein chemistry, failing to recognise the achievements of Franz Hillenkamp and Michael Karas of the Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Frankfurt.
		Similar criticism was levied towards the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics, specifically the recognition of Roy Glauber and not George Sudarshan for the award.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Nobel_Prize (2848 words)

	Nobel Prize - Conservapedia
		The Nobel Prize is a well-known award for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine or physiology, literature, peace and economics, though the latter is technically not a "real" Nobel Prize.
		The Nobel Prizes are represented externally by the Nobel Foundation, a private institution entrusted with protecting the common interests of the Prize Awarding Institutions.
		One factor that may fan the flames of controversy is the speed of recognition with regard to The Peace Prize in relation to the prizes for science and literature which are often awarded decades after the work that is being recognized.
	www.conservapedia.com /Nobel_Prize (753 words)

	NOBEL PRIZE: Overview
		The prize in economic sciences was established in 1968 to commemorate the Bank of Sweden's (Riksbanken) 300th anniversary.
		According to Nobel's wishes, the prizes in science and literature were to be awarded by a Swedish committee, while the peace prize was to be given out by a Norwegian panel.
		The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is responsible for the prizes in physics, chemistry and economic sciences; the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awards the prize in medicine; and the Swedish Academy awards the prize for literature.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1998/nobel/overview (992 words)

	Catalyst Online: More Stories
		The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of sciences; that for physiology or medical works by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm and for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting” (Norwegian Parliament).
		Some argue that winning the prize is the kiss of death for future creativity; others that the prizes only go to people already past their prime, already in retirement or close to death due to old age.
		He received the Nobel prize in physics for an important but minor contribution, related to the explanation of the so called Brownian movement of the molecules, which palled in comparison with his major achievement related to the development of the theory of the relativity.
	www.musc.edu /catalyst/archive/2001/co10-26nobel.htm (1872 words)

	CNN.com
		Nobel laureates were often at the forefront of dramatic change in the 20th century, which saw an accelerated rate of scientific discoveries, along with two world wars and tremendous social upheaval.
		Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833, the child of Immanuel Nobel, an engineer and inventor, and Andrietta Ahlsell.
		Nobel specified that prizes in science and literature were to be awarded by a Swedish committee, while the peace prize was to be given out by a Norwegian panel.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2001/nobel.100/overview.html (1133 words)

	Nobel Prize - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Image:Nobel medal dsc06171.jpg Image:Nobel prize medal.jpg The Nobel Prizes are prizes instituted by the will of Alfred Nobel, awarded to people (and also to organizations in the case of the Nobel Peace Prize) who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society.
		Although Nobel's will established the prizes, because his plan was incomplete and due to various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes awarded in 1901.
		Nobel's will speaks of prizes for those inventions or discoveries of greatest practical benefit to mankind, possibly having in mind more practical than theoretical works.The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Mathematics was not considered a practical science from which humanity could benefit (a key purpose for the Nobel Foundation).
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Nobel_Prize (2026 words)

	Nobel Prize controversies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, is related to the Nobel Prize.
		The 1974 prize was awarded to Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish's pioneering research in radioastrophysics; Hewish was recognized for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.
		Cordell Hull was awarded the Nobel Prize in Peace in 1945 in recognition of his efforts for peace and understanding in the Western Hemisphere, his trade agreements, and his work to establish the United Nations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobel_Prize_controversies (4773 words)

	The Nobel Prize: 100 Years of Creativity
		Explore the history and significance of the Nobel Prize.
		This 5000-square-foot exhibition provides an historic overview of the Nobel Prize and its founder, Alfred Nobel.
		Learn about well-known Nobel Prizes in the context of historic events, reflect on Nobel Prize controversies, and follow the nomination process.
	www.exploratorium.edu /nobel/index.html (137 words)

	Home - ICSSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Nobel prize is awarded to people who have performed outstandingly in its various categories, following the will of its inceptor, Alfred Nobel, signed on November 27, 1895.
		Nobel invented dynamite in 1866 and later built up companies and laboratories in more than 20 countries all over the world.
		The Nobel Prize is the first international award given yearly since 1901 for achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace.
	icssa.org /Nobel.htm (1645 words)

	Cissie Dore Hill: To Benefit Mankind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		In general, Nobel believed, as did many educated people of his day, that the progress of science and technology, the emphasis on mass education, a free press that would expose the private machinations leading to war, and the general equality of nations that came from the expansion of democracy would logically make war outmoded.
		In 1893, Nobel wrote to Bertha that he would like to dispose of a part of his fortune as prizes for peace every five years for thirty years, assuming that “if the present system is not reformed in that time, we will all return to barbarism.” She continued to write him, enclosing tracts and brochures.
		Those prizes were to be presented to the person of any country, man or woman, whose work in the preceding year had done the most “to benefit mankind.” In the case of the peace prize it would be awarded to someone who worked toward establishing fraternity among nations, reducing standing armies, or holding peace congresses.
	www.hooverdigest.org /023/hill.html (2252 words)

	Controversies and Criticisms
		The policy of the Norwegian Nobel Committee also changed over the years: During the inter-war period, many active statesmen appeared on the list of laureates; after the Second World War through the 1960s, the limited number of statesmen who were awarded the prize were no longer active at the time of their award.
		On 9 November he wrote a letter to the Nobel Committee in which he made it clear that he would not participate in the meeting when the final decision was going to be made and he asked his colleagues to call in one of the deputy members.
		The controversy caused by the prize to Ossietzky made a strong impression on Norwegian politicians, and the whole matter came on the agenda of the Storting.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/peace/articles/controversies/index.html (5195 words)

	Heinrich Böll - Autobiography
		Even if there occurred brief or permanent controversies during, or after, these meetings, the Gruppe 47 liberated many German authoresses and authors out of their isolation in a destroyed and fragmented postwar Germany.
		In 1942 I married Annemarie Cech, who has been irreplaceable, not only as my wife and companion, and not only as fellow experiencer and fellow sufferer in the fascist drama during the Nazi reign in Germany, but also for her critical awareness for language.
		It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1972/boll-autobio.html (508 words)

	Nobel Prizes (2006)
		The Literature Prize will be announced on October 12th and that for Peace on October 13th.This year each Nobel Prize carries a cash award of US $1.4 million in addition to the citation and a medal.
		The Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2006 was won by Roger D. Kornberg of Stanford University, California, “for his studies on the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription”, the process by which the genetic code of DNA is converted into messenger RNA which is further processed to produce various proteins.
		The responsibility for awarding the prizes rests with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in the fields of physics, chemistry, and economics (which was started in the year 1968 from the funds contributed by the Royal Bank of Sweden in Nobel’s memory).
	www.chennaionline.com /columns/variety/2006/10nobel.asp (1619 words)

	Nobel Prize Winners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Nobel Prize is awarded annually for achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace and economics.
		Nobel died in 1896 and the first prizes were awarded in 1901.
		However, the prize for economics was only awarded from 1968 onwards as part of an initiative by the Bank of Sweden to mark its tercentenary (300 year anniversary).
	www.bized.ac.uk /learn/economics/nobel/index.htm (140 words)

	Alibris: Nobel
		Recipient of the 1962 Nobel Prize for his part in discovering the molecular structure of DNA, British physicist Francis Crick turns his formidable mind to the task of understanding human consciousness.
		The Nobel Lecture was delivered by Jimmy Carter on December 10, 2002, at the ceremony in Oslo, Norway, where he received the Nobel Prize for Peace.
		Published to coincide with the 2000 Nobel Prize awards, this reference is the only book to explore every aspect of the coveted prize: its founder, its aura, all its six fields, its laureates' personalities and rivals, and its controversies and blunders.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Nobel (1263 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Middle East \| The Nobel: Dynamite or damp squib?
		The selection of Jimmy Carter in 2002, for "decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts" was hardly controversial, but it was seen as a "kick in the leg" to George W Bush, who was issuing military threats against Iraq.
		It cannot be denied that the prize provides recipients with world exposure, sometimes bringing activists and their causes to international attention.
		And perhaps above all, despite the controversies, the Nobel tag has retained its prestige down the years - a sign, some say, that the secretive committee which makes the choices must be doing something right.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/3724734.stm (832 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| Special Reports \| 'In Pinter you find expressed the great struggle of the 20th century - ...
		Nobel prize for hero of liberal Turkey stokes fears of nationalist backlash
		Harold Pinter was yesterday awarded the Nobel prize for literature.
		It is hard to write even a short appreciation of what Pinter has achieved in the performing arts because the public view of this most original of writers has changed almost as much as his work itself within his own lifetime.
	books.guardian.co.uk /nobelprize/story/0,,1592010,00.html (955 words)

	Talk:Nobel Prize controversies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Crafoord Prize is also awarded by the Swedish Royal academy and is generally-considered the "Nobel prize in mathematics".
		The Fields Medal is generally considered the mathematical equivalent of the Nobel Prize, at least amongst mathematicians as well as what of the popular press that I have seen.
		Similarly, if the Nobel foundation (whom we can assume to be "authoritative") states that this is why the 2000 Nobel Chemistry prize was awarded, then it is definitely a violation of WK:NOR on your part to question their word, without something equivalent to support this assertion, naturally.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Nobel_Prize_controversies (6947 words)

	U.S. Scientist Wins Nobel Prize for Controversial Work
		The Nobel Prize, which is widely regarded as the most prestigious award in science, usually is shared by two or three people and generally is given long after any controversies have been resolved.
		Since it was first awarded in 1901, the Nobel Prize for medicine has at times honored work that turned out to be off the mark, and occasionally the prize committee has been criticized for omitting to honor one deserving scientist or another.
		The Nobel citation said there was some evidence that Alzheimer's disease occurred when nonprion proteins changed their shape, leading to the formation of harmful deposits in the brain.
	www.ou.edu /cas/zoology/Courses/3333/prusiner.html (1416 words)

	Nobel Prize Winners Series Reviews
		This reference work is the third supplement to Nobel Prize Winners (see ARBA 88, entry 32), and contains biographical sketches of the 59 men, women, and institutions that received the Nobel Prize from 1997 through 2001.
		Entries are arranged alphabetically, in the form of 1,200- to 2,500-word essays containing information on the early development, family background, and formative influences of each winner; a description of the work for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize; and a critical assessment of the laureate's contribution.
		Three lists are enhancements in this supplement: Nobel Prize winners by prize category and year of award; Prize winners by country of residence; and Prize winners who have died since 1996.
	www.hwwilson.com /reviews/nobleprize_review.htm (382 words)

	The Nobel Prize, Shirin Ebadi, and Political Agendas - Amber Pawlik - MensNewsDaily.com™ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The head of the Prize committee admitted explicitly that awarding Jimmy Carter was meant to slap GW Bush in the face for initiating war in Iraq.
		The Nobel committee gave the award to Ebadi to affirm her political message of supposed non-violence and dialogue.
		It’s time to stop glamorizing the Nobel Prize, and call it for what it is: a bunch of Europeans manipulating the public in favor of their political agendas.
	mensnewsdaily.com /archive/p/pawlik/03/pawlik101303.htm (1040 words)

	Articles - Peace
		The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to only nine women between the years 1901 to 1996.
		1970 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug maintains that the battle to feed the poor is far from won.
		In 1950, Ralph Bunche became the first non-white person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his attempt to end hostilities in the Middle East.
	nobelprize.org /redirect/goto.php?url=/nobel_prizes/peace/articles (480 words)

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