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	Nobel Prize in Literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In earlier years the Nobel Committee stuck closely to the intent of the will, and left out certain world-renowned writers such as Leo Tolstoy and Henrik Ibsen for the Prize probably because their works were not "idealistic" enough.
		Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates, and the presidents of writers' organizations are all allowed to nominate a candidate.
		Mommsen was also the first Nobel laureate born (November 30, 1817), a combination of his advanced age and the early year in which he received the Prize.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature (677 words)

	Nobel Prizes, Past and Present
		The Nobel Prizes were established from a fund bequeathed for that purpose by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel.
		The Nobel Foundation is the legal owner and functional administrator of the funds and serves as the joint administrative body of the prize-awarding institutions, but it is not concerned with the prize deliberations or decisions, which rest exclusively with the four institutions.
		Nobel's ambiguous stipulation that the literature prize be awarded to the authors of works of an "idealistic tendency" was interpreted strictly in the beginning but has gradually been interpreted more flexibly.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/nobelprizes.html (1650 words)

	The Nobel Prize for Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Nobel Prize for Literature is awarded not to a book itself, but to a writer, hence the expression 'Nobel Laureate', given to the winner of the prize.
		The literature prize was intended for the person who had produced "the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".
		The Nobel Prize for Literature is not restricted to works published in the year preceding the awarding of the prize: "older works" can be considered "if their significance has not become apparent until recently".
	www.dymocks.com.au /contentstatic/literarymatter/awards/nobel_prize.asp (762 words)

	Nobel Literature Prize for Austrian
		The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2004 was on Thursday awarded to Austrian writer Elfriede Jelinek.
		The jury awarded the prize 'for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power'.
		She will receive the Nobel Prize, which consists of the prize money, a gold medal and a diploma, from Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf at a formal ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of the death of Alfred Nobel, the founder of the Nobel Prizes, in 1896.
	www.rediff.com /news/2004/oct/07nobel.htm (486 words)

	Nobel Prize in Literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of Alfred Nobel, produced "the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency".
		The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year.
		List of Nobel Prize laureates in Literature from 1901 to now.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_literature (677 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| Special Reports \| Nobel Prize
		The Nobel prize for literature is one of the most prestigious and, at more than 10m kronor ($1.3m), one of the most lucrative literary prizes in the world.
		The novelist, playwright and poet Elfriede Jelinek has unexpectedly won the £750,000 Nobel prize for literature - only the ninth woman to receive the award since its inception in 1901.
		The 2002 Nobel prize for literature has been won by Hungarian author and Holocaust survivor Imre Kertész, whose autobiographical novels explore how individuals can survive when subjected to "barbaric" social forces.
	books.guardian.co.uk /nobelprize/0,14969,1285607,00.html (311 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Europe / Austrian novelist gets Nobel for literature
		She is the 10th woman to receive the literature prize in its 103-year history.
		Jelinek, 57, is relatively young for a Nobel literature laureate.
		According to her Nobel citation, ''The nature of Jelinek's texts is often hard to define.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2004/10/08/austrian_novelist_gets_nobel_for_literature?mode=PF (552 words)

	VOANews.com - Naipaul Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Nobel Prize carries with it a cash award of nearly one million dollars, which Mr.
		He will be accompanied by the winners of this year's Nobel prizes in Medicine, Physics, Chemistry and Economics, which were announced earlier in the week.
		The Nobel announcements conclude Friday when the winner of this year's Nobel Peace prize is named.
	www.help-for-you.com /news/Oct2001/Oct11/PRT11-64Article.html (323 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| Coetzee wins Nobel literature prize
		Alfred Nobel was a Swedish industrialist and the inventor of dynamite.
		He gave only vague guidance about the literature prize, saying that it should go to those who "shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind" and "who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".
		The prizes always are presented on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death in 1896.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/entertainment/3158278.stm (434 words)

	Literature Nobel Prize Goes to Austria's Jelinek \| Culture & Lifestyle \| Deutsche Welle \| 08.10.2004
		Her Nobel Prize will be accompanied by a check for more than 10 million Swedish kroner (€1.1 million, $1.3 million).
		The work of the committee that selects Nobel Prize winners might be strictly confidential, but the University of Frankfurt is betting that it can predict who the next winners will be using a virtual stock market.
		While the International Literature Festival is under way in Berlin, with up to 120 international writers attending the event; DW- WORLD looks at how contemporary German fiction is fairing abroad.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,1564,1352119,00.html (787 words)

	Nobel Prize Winners Hate School (Learn in Freedom!)
		Raman, known as C. Raman, was the uncle of a later Nobel laureate, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, the son of Raman's older brother C.S. Ayyar.
		Chandrasekhar is the nephew of Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, a 1930 Nobel laureate in physics.
		Carleton Gajdusek won the Nobel Prize for his undeniably important work on what were then known as "slow viruses" (now usually conceived of as not viruses at all, but prions).
	learninfreedom.org /Nobel_hates_school.html (3238 words)

	WFotW ~ Faulkner's Essays
		William Faulkner officially earned the Nobel Prize in Literature for the year 1949, but he did not receive it until the following year, because the Nobel Prize committee could not reach a consensus in 1949.
		Hence, two Nobel prizes were awarded in 1950, for the prior year and for the present one.
		The poet’s voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.
	www.mcsr.olemiss.edu /~egjbp/faulkner/lib_nobel.html (459 words)

	JM Coetzee Awarded Nobel Prize for Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		John Maxwell Coetzee, whose novels and essays are characterized by a bleak vision of his racially divided homeland, is the second South African author to win the Nobel Prize.
		Coetzee was the first writer to win Britain's prestigious Booker Prize twice, first for The Life and Times of Michael K in 1983 and, again, for Disgrace in 1999.
		The literature prize is the first of the Nobels to be awarded this year.
	www.voanews.com /article.cfm?objectID=A93943F5-534C-44B9-B15651ED4510164E (331 words)

	NOBEL PRIZE for literature 2001
		The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2001 is awarded to the British writer, born in Trinidad, V.S. Naipaul “for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories”.
		This principle was made to serve in a series of novels in which, despite the increasingly documentary tone, the characters did not therefore become less colourful.
		The 2005 IG Nobel Prizes were awarded in a ceremony at Harvard University.
	www.dickran.net /nobel/lit-2001.html (606 words)

	The Chronicle: Daily news: 10/02/2003 -- 09
		Nobel Prize in Literature Goes to J.M. Coetzee of South Africa
		The 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to John Maxwell Coetzee, a white South African novelist and essayist whose work chronicles the inner history of his country's transformation from racial dictatorship to a post-apartheid society.
		The prize, which is worth about $1.3-million this year, will be presented in December.
	chronicle.com /free/2003/10/2003100209n.htm (783 words)

	The Nobel Prize for Literature
		The general feeling is that the Swedish Nobel Prize Academy has, over the years, been generally anti-American in literature, anti-Russian in science and literature, pro-German in science (until World War II), and pro-Scandinavian in every category.
		He was considered for the initial prize in 1901, but the judges determined that for his anarchism and his eccentric religious views, he should be passed over.
		In 1906 the Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to the Italian Giosuè Carducci, another household name, the judges electing him unanimously over the other nominees for that year--Mark Twain, Rainer Maria Rilke, George Meredith, and Henry James.
	homepage.smc.edu /larsen_lyle/nobel_prize_for_literature.htm (994 words)

	Oops . . . They Did It Again
		The organization made her prize a banner headline on its website--finally, they're on the map.
		Last year the Nobel for Literature went to J.M. Coetzee, a serious and talented author; the year before to Imre Kertesz, a survivor of the Holocaust who, if little known outside his native Hungary, is nonetheless a writer of great eloquence and moral force; in 2001, it went to the controversial but respected V.S. Naipaul.
		In 2000, the prize was given to a Chinese, Gao Xingjian, although many of his compatriots, and experts in that country's literature, believed it should have gone to Ba Jin, a long-lived classic and dissident--however, Gao had the advantage of having been translated into Swedish.
	www.weeklystandard.com /Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/746mjtym.asp (702 words)

	Culture: Literature, Writers and The Nobel Prize
		The Nobel Prizes have been presented to the Laureates at ceremonies on December 10 each year.
		The prize is as prestigious as the Nobel Prize and is presented at the ceremony together with the others.
		Despite the male dominance among the winners, the prize for literature has frequently been given to women and in the field of science Marie Curie has received the the Nobel Prize twice (the first time together with her husband)
	www.sverigeturism.se /smorgasbord/smorgasbord/culture/lifestyle/literature.html (802 words)

	British Playwright Wins Nobel Prize in Literature - New York Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The literature award is kept a close secret, and rumors of who is likely to win - this year, the names included the Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk, the Syrian poet Adonis and the American writer Joyce Carol Oates -- usually turn out to be wrong.
		The Nobel committee occasionally presents awards with a political edge, and this is the second prize in a week that has gone to an opponent of the Iraq war.
		Last Friday, the peace prize was awarded to the International Atomic Energy Agency and its head, Mohamed El-Baradei, who in the weeks before the 2003 United States invasion openly disputed the American contention that Saddam Hussein was harboring nuclear weapons.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/10/13/books/13cnd-nobel.html?ex=1286856000&en=91a5a950fef9d3df&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (755 words)

	ABC News: Debate Erupts Over Nobel Literature Prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ahnlund launched a rare and scathing attack on last year's Nobel Prize in Literature winner Elfriede Jelinek's writing on Tuesday, Oct. 11, 2005 saying giving her the prize caused irreparable damage to the award's reputation.
		Nobel, who died in 1896, decreed in his will that the literature prize should go to "the person who shall have produced … the most outstanding work in an ideal direction," a phrase vague enough to confound even the most distinguished scholars.
		Since the first prize, in 1901, the Nobels have reflected an ongoing evolution of "ideal direction." The academy originally favored conservatives such as Rudyard Kipling, while snubbing Leo Tolstoy and Emile Zola.
	abcnews.go.com /Entertainment/wireStory?id=1203759&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 (456 words)

	Nobel Prize in Literature
		His will left approximately ninety-four percent of his worth to fund the Nobel Prize, which is annually awarded in six different categories, literature being one of them.
		The Prize is given to an individual for their valuable contributions to society.
		The number in parentheses after each author is the year in which he or she was awarded the Nobel Prize.
	midhudson.org /Awards/nobel.htm (202 words)

	Günter Grass wins Nobel Prize in literature -- September 30, 1999
		Grass, born in 1927, is the fifth European winner in a row, and Germany's seventh Nobel literature laureate.
		Grass is the first German to win the prize -- the most prestigious award for writers and worth nearly $1 million -- since Heinrich Böll in 1972.
		It is an honour for Grass and for German literature," Naumann said, praising Grass's efforts to bridge the gap between east and west during the Cold War.
	www.cnn.com /books/news/9909/30/nobel (723 words)

	Social Policy: The Nobel Prize for Literature Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Readers can judge for themselves whether someone of this profile, who is also a bad writer, belongs in the same league as the other nine women who have won the Nobel Prize for literature in its 103 years.
		He is hardly the first Nobel committee member to quit: in 1989, academy members Kerstin Ekman and Lars Gyllensten quit because, in their view, the academy had failed to support Salman Rushdie against death threats issued by Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini.
		Nobel Prizes and good reviews should be handed out on the basis of merit, not politics or gender.
	www.pacificresearch.org /press/opd/2005/opd_05-11-22sp.html (512 words)

	Bob Dylan Nobel nomination 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		January 23, 1999 Dear Nobel Committee: On behalf of the Campaign Committee of Mr.
		Bob Dylan of the United States for the next Nobel Prize in Literature.
		That his pertinent and profound subject matter and wording are matched by his musical prowess should be considered appropriate, not strange, for a Nobel Prize in Literature.
	www.expectingrain.com /dok/art/nobel/nomination1999.html (469 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| Special Reports \| Nobel prize goes to Pinter
		In an almost entirely unexpected move, the Swedish Academy have this lunchtime announced their decision to award this year's Nobel prize for Literature to the British playwright, author and recent poet, Harold Pinter and not, as was widely anticipated, to Turkish author Orhan Pamuk or the Syrian poet Adonis.
		Pinter's victory means that the prize has been given to a British writer for the second time in under five years; it was awarded to VS Naipaul in 2001.
		European writers have won the prize in nine out of the last 10 years so it was widely assumed that this year's award would go to a writer from a different continent.
	books.guardian.co.uk /nobelprize/story/0,14969,1591402,00.html (704 words)

	The Nobel Prize in Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Nobel Prizes are among the most prestigious awards in the world.
		The prize in literature recognizes writers who have written a significant body of influential work.
		We will look at Nobel Prize winners from the past hundred years and will consider the development of modern literature, criticism, and taste.
	www.perseus.tufts.edu /~amahoney/nobel.html (748 words)

	Star - Speculation on Nobel literature prize winner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the meantime, the literary world is guessing about who would win this year's prestigious prize, which includes a cheque of more than 10-million kronor (about R9,2-million) and the bonus of an increased profile inside and out of the literary world.
		Coetzee, who won the Booker Prize in 1999 for his novel Disgrace, has been one of many acclaimed authors who are believed to be on the shortlist every year.
		The Nobel prize for medicine will be announced on October 6, followed by the physics prize on October 7, and chemistry and economics on October 8.
	www.thestar.co.za /index.php?fSectionId=132&fArticleId=247533 (403 words)

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