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Topic: Nobiin language

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	Nobiin language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Nobiin is a Nubian language spoken along the banks of the Nile river in southern Egypt and northern Sudan by approximately 495 000 people.
		Nobiin is a tonal language with contrastive vowel and consonant length.
		Nobiin is a tonal language, in which tone is used to mark lexical contrasts.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Nobiin_language (2351 words)

	Grave accent at AllExperts
		In some tonal languages such as Vietnamese and Mandarin Chinese, the grave accent is used to indicate a falling tone.
		In African languages, the grave accent is often used to indicate a low tone, e.g.
		Many of the UNIX shells and the programming language Perl use pairs of this character—known as backquote or backtick—to indicate substitution of the standard output from one command into a line of text defining another command.
	en.allexperts.com /e/g/gr/grave_accent.htm (1321 words)

	[No title]
		The Nubian can be proud of their language and should be reminded of the old Nubian, the language of the medieval Christian kingdom, is the only African non-Afro-Asiatic language which developed a literature written for at least 700 years,i.e.
		The structure and formation of the Old Nubian language is characterized by its reliance on produced tones that is known as intonation or chanting.
		In this respect the general structure of this language is not a group of words linked by a common syntax to form a sentence.
	shazlyasmail.tripod.com /photo.htm (1084 words)

	Mark Dingemanse — linguistics
		Nafaanra is a displaced Senufo language spoken in north-western Ghana.
		Nobiin is a Northern Nubian (Nilo-Saharan) language spoken in Southern Egypt and Northern Sudan.
		Supyire is a Northern Senufo (Niger-Congo) language spoken in the south of Mali, against the border with Burkina Faso.
	www.markdingemanse.nl /linguistics (833 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Nobiin language
		Rouchdy (1992a) however notes that use of Nobiin is confined mainly to the domestic circle, as Arabic is the dominant language in trade, education, and public life.
		Sociolinguistically, the situation may be described as one of stable bilingualism: the dominant language (Arabic in this case), although used widely, does not easily replace the minority language since the latter is tightly connected to the Nubian identity.
		Nobiin appears to have had a strong influence on Kenzi-Dongolawi, as evidenced by similarities between the phoneme inventories as well as the occurrence of numerous borrowed grammatical morphemes.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Nobiin_language (3028 words)

	Nubian languages Information
		Old Nubian is preserved in at least a hundred pages of documents, mostly of a Christian religious nature, written with a uncial variety of the Greek alphabet, extended with three Coptic letters and three unique to Old Nubian, apparently derived from Meroitic.
		Within Eastern Sudanic, it is thought to be most closely related to the Taman languages.
		In the past, there has been debate as to whether the Nubian languages spread to the Nile valley from Kordofan and Darfur or moved in the opposite direction.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Nubian_languages (813 words)

	Nubian language
		Kenzi is spoken north of Mahas[?] in Egypt while Dongolawi is spoken south of Mahas around Dongola[?].
		Old Nubian[?] is preserved in at least a hundred pages of documents, mostly of a Christian religious nature, written using a modified form of the Coptic (Greek) script.
		These documents range in date from the 8th to the 15th century A.D. Old Nubian is currently considered ancestral to modern Nobiin.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/nu/Nubian_language.html (205 words)

	Nobiin language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Nubian peoples immigrated into the Nile Valley from the southwest, where other Nubian languages are still spoken, at least 2,500 years ago, and Old Nubian, the language of the Nubian kingdoms, is considered ancestral to Nobiin.
		Nobiin is one of the about eleven Nubian languages.
		However, comparative linguistic research has shown since that Nobiin must have split off from the other Nubian languages earlier than Kenzi-Dongolawi; consequently, Nobiin forms a 'Northern' branch on its own whereas Kenzi-Dongolawi is considered part of Central Nubian, along with Birged (north Darfur) and the Hill Nubian languages (Nuba Mountains, Kordofan province).
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DNobiin (2631 words)

	Sudan: Religions. Peoples. Languages
		Arabic is also widely used as a second language, bridging the gap between the many peoples of this country.
		English is the principal language in the south., serving is a lingua franca in areas where Juba pidgin Arabic is not used.
		The languages of Sudan belong to either of 3 families: Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Congo.
	i-cias.com /e.o/sudan_4.htm (691 words)

	Nobiin language Information
		Nobiin is a Northern Nubian language of the Nilo-Saharan phylum.
		Nobiin is currently spoken along the banks of the Nile river in southern Egypt and northern Sudan by approximately 495,000 Nubians, and present-day Nobiin speakers are almost universally bilingual in local varieties of Arabic (Egyptian and Sudanese Arabic, respectively).
		The Nubian languages are part of the Eastern Sudanic branch of Nilo-Saharan.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Nobiin_language (2687 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This language has also two more "long vowels" (which are consonants in the alphabet, but vowels in terms of their function) : Å• and Äº, which are pronounced just like ordinary syllabic r and l, only longer.
		In some tonal languages written with the Latin alphabet, such as Vietnamese and Pinyin (for Mandarin Chinese), the acute accent is used to indicate a rising tone.
		As with other diacritical marks, a number of loanwords are sometimes spelled in English with an acute accent used in the original language: these include sautÃ©, rouÃ©, cafÃ©, touchÃ©, fiancÃ©, and fiancÃ©e but many consider this nonstandard.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=acute_accent (1529 words)

	Bor Society Development Foundation - (BSDF)
		English is the principal language in the south.
		Language: The Dinka peoples speak a series of closely related languages, which are grouped by linguists into five broad families of dialects.
		The Atuot are culturally Dinka, but the language is different enough to be a sixth separate language group.
	www.borsociety.com /facts.htm (1916 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Popular usage, possibly because Norwegian rarely uses diacritics, does not respect these rules much, and there is a certain interchangeability with the acute accent.
		The grave accent is used to distinguish homophones in several languages:
		Backticks are also used extensively in the reStructuredText plain text markup language (implemented in the Python docutils package).
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=grave_accent (1266 words)

	Nubian Translation Service - English to Nubian Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Nubian perform our Nubian to English translation.
		The northern boundary with Nobiin is at Burgeg.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/nubian_translation.shtml (455 words)

	Berber
		There are between 14 and 25 million speakers of Berber languages in North Africa (see population estimation), principally concentrated in Morocco and Algeria but with smaller communities as far east as Egypt and as far south as Burkina Faso.
		Their languages, the Berber languages, form a branch of the Afroasiatic linguistic family comprising many closely related varieties, including Kabyle, Tachelhit, and Central Atlas Tamazight, with a total of roughly 14-25 million speakers.
		Linguists and population geneticists alike have identified this culture as a probable period for the spread of an Afroasiatic language (ancestral to the modern Berber languages) to the area.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/be/Berber.htm (3205 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		The three proposed classifications of Sudan languages in existence are based on significantly more data than are Meinhofs and Westermann's: Greenberg (1963); Tucker and Bryan (1966), the latter of which forms the basis of this geographical area for Dalby's (1977) "referential" classifi- cation; and Bender (1976).
		It is nevertheless surprising to observe how few of the N ilo-Saharan languages have either become extinct, or are on the verge of extinction, since 1920, the point from which the recorded information on the peoples and languages of the Sudan starts to achieve some sort of overall coverage (maps 8 and 9).
		If \\le discount thepongolawihigh score with Nobiin, the pattern of percent- ages may be reasonably int~rpreted as a dialect chain with the low range in the 40 percents, representing more distant members, and the 50 percents, the nearer members in a chain or network.
	www.thenubian.net /aspect.php (2947 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:fia
		The language is the center of Nubian identity.
		The ethnic group is larger in Egypt than Sudan, but most are now monolingual in Egyptian or Sa`idi Arabic.
		Spoken by the Fedicca in Egypt and the Mahas in Sudan.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=fia (161 words)

	Web resources for Nilosaharan languages
		The language family as such is poorly substantiated, and may or may not contain several members that will eventually end up in the unclassified category.
		Dictionary of 17th century Kenzi Nubian: the oldest dictionary of an African language, with an introduction by Jay Spaulding.
		Language processes, theory and description of language change, and building on the past: lessons from Songhay (PDF).
	goto.glocalnet.net /maho/webresources/nilosaharan.html (1255 words)

	Nobiin language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Yellow dots show places where communities of Nobiin speakers are found today.]] Practically All speakers of Nobiin are bilingual in Arabic.
		A [[Nubian wedding near Aswan, Egypt]] Nobiin has open and closed syllables: ág ‘mouth’, één ‘woman’, gíí ‘uncle’, kám ‘camel’, díís ‘blood’.
		Category:Nubian languages Category:Nubia Category:Languages of Sudan Category:Languages of Egypt
	nobiin-language.borgfind.com (2338 words)

	Nubia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Guajara in other languages: Spanish, Deutsch, French, Italian...
		A variety - Birgid was spoken (at least until 1970) north of Nyala in Darfur but is now extinct.
		In ancient times Nubia was a kingdom closely associated with Ancient Egypt, and occasionally conquered by their more powerful northern neighbours.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/n/nu/nubia.html (434 words)

	Culture of Egypt
		The Ancient Egyptian language, which formed a separate branch among the family of Afro-Asiatic languages, was among the first written languages, and is known from hieroglyphic inscriptions preserved on monuments and sheets of papyrus.
		The Coptic language, the only extant descendant of Egyptian, is today the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
		The "Koiné" dialect of the Greek language was important in Hellenistic Alexandria, and was used in the philosophy and science of that culture, and was later studied by Arabic scholars.
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Culture_of_Egypt.html (5741 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		It is a transit port on the heavily trafficked...
		It is separated from the Libyan Desert by the Nile River valley to the west, while to the north is Egypt;...
		group of languages spoken in The Sudan and southern Egypt, chiefly along the banks of the Nile River (where Nobiin and Kenzi [Kenuzi] are spoken)...
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/n/n24.html (1709 words)

	Nobiin — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mahas-Fiadidja, Fiyadikkya, Sukot, Fadicha, Fedicca, Fadija, Fiadidja-Mahas, Fiadidja, Nobiin, Nile Nubian, Fadicca, Mahas, Fedija, Mahas-Fiyadikkya
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/fia (207 words)

	Ethnologue: Egypt
		Of those, 11 are living languages and 1 is extinct.
		Liturgical language of the Coptic Church, Bohairic dialect.
		No first language speakers; it probably became extinct in the 16th century.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Egyp.html (745 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Nubian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Nubian languages belong to the Nubian group of Eastern Sudanic branch of Chari Nile.
		Nubian is generally considered to be divided into Hill or Kordofan, Meidob, Kenuz, Mahas or Nobiin, and Dongolawi.
		The latter three, spoken along the Nile, are most likely candidates for language materials, according to Thelwall (personal communication, 1983).
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Nubian (360 words)

	Atlantis Rising: Basque Mythology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It appears that the earliest language of Britain is found--almost hidden at the root of the Welsh, Erse and Gaelic languages--to be the Atlantean language.
		In his studies, the abbot Dominique Lahetjuzan (1766-1818) came to the conclusion that the Basque language was the language spoken in the Garden of Eden.
		Maybe it was the Basque Jesuits who defended their ancient language that was, together with the Basque culture, one of the objectives of the Inquisition as it later was that of Francisco Franco from 1930 onwards.
	forums.atlantisrising.com /cgi-bin/ubb/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=print_topic;f=15;t=000387 (18940 words)

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