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Topic: Nociception

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	Pain -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Nociception is a neurophysiologyneurophysiologic term and denotes the activity in the nerve pathways.
		Nociception is the physiological (The faculty through which the external world is apprehended) sense for perception of physiological pain.
		Interestingly, the brain itself is devoid of nociceptive tissue, and hence cannot experience pain (thus a (Pain in the head caused by dilation of cerebral arteries or muscle contractions or a reaction to drugs) headache is not pain in the brain itself).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/pain.htm (1798 words)

	Pain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nociception is a neurophysiologic term and denotes the activity in the nerve pathways.
		Nociception is the physiological sense for perception of physiological pain.
		Interestingly, the brain itself is devoid of nociceptive tissue, and hence cannot experience pain (thus a headache is not pain in the brain itself).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nociception (1801 words)

	Nociception
		Nociception is the term commonly used to refer to the perception of pain.
		The neurons ascending neurons are, as the nociceptive neurons, Ad-fibers and C-fibers.
		Were C-fiber relaying of nociceptive inputs not relayed to the association cortex, one may well imaging that pain is not understood as what it is - a warning.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper3/Pernar3.html (1620 words)

	Nociception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Nociception, one of the physiological senses, is the term commonly used to refer to the perception of physiological pain.
		Interestingly, the brain itself is devoid of nociceptive tissue, and hence cannot experience pain (thus headache isn't pain in the brain itself).
		Some evolutionary biologists have speculated that this lack of nociceptive tissue might be due to the fact that any injury of sufficient magnitude to cause pain in the brain will incapacitate the organism and prevent it from taking appropriate action, which is the actual purpose of pain.
	www.termsdefined.net /no/nociception.html (892 words)

	Nociception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Nociceptive input is conveyed from the peripheral endorgans to the central nervous system predominantly by two classes of primary afferent fibers (Fig.).
		Nociceptive inputs are finally conducted to the cortex, where the sensation of pain is perceived (Fig.).
		The NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors are key mediators of chronic nociceptive phenomena in the spinal cord and the thalamus.
	encref.springer.de /mp/0002.htm (1965 words)

	Nociception, Mechanoreception and Proprioception ... What's the Difference and What Do They Have to Do with ...
		Nociception is the process by which nociceptive receptors receive tissue damaging stimuli that is then carried into the CNS by nociceptive axons (A-delta and C fibers).
		However, a devastating consequence of both pain and nociceptive stimulation of the hypothalamus, is the release of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
		Nociception, mechanoreception, and proprioception are all intimately associated with the normal and abnormal function of vertebral joints.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/12/24/16.html (594 words)

	pijncentrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The management of nociception and pain and its consequences is the central therapeutic area of anaesthesiology and all of its subspecialties (anaesthesia, intensive care, pain medicine, emergency medicine).
		Nociception and pain are now being recognised to be a key contributor to pathological processes in an extraordinarily wide range of diseases.
		Research in the field of nociception and pain is thus imperative for the continued development (and existence!) of anaesthesiology as an academic speciality — and to permit much-needed progress in the management of diseases associated with pain, or whose treatment is associated with pain.
	www.umcn.nl /scientist/afdelingen/pijncentrum (2561 words)

	Intrathecally Administered Gabapentin Inhibits Formalin-Evoked Nociception and the Expression of Fos-Like ...
		Intrathecally Administered Gabapentin Inhibits Formalin-Evoked Nociception and the Expression of Fos-Like Immunoreactivity in the Spinal Cord of the Rat -- Kaneko et al.
		Intrathecally Administered Gabapentin Inhibits Formalin-Evoked Nociception and the Expression of Fos-Like Immunoreactivity in the Spinal Cord of the Rat
		and µ opioid receptor agonists on formalin-evoked nociception and the expression of Fos-immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of the rat.
	www.jpet.org /cgi/content/full/292/2/743 (5174 words)

	Pain in the Trigeminal System: from Orofacial Nociception to Neural Network Modeling -- Woda 82 (10): 764 -- Journal of ...
		Properties of nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons in trigeminal subnucleus oralis of the rat.
		Morphine administered in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis inhibits nociceptive activities in the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis.
		Superficial and deep convergent nociceptive neurons are differentially affected by N-methyl-D-aspartate applied on the brainstem surface of the rat medullary dorsal horn.
	jdr.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/10/764 (2980 words)

	March/April 1996 - Resource Reviews, part 1 - Pain and the Brain: From Nociception to Cognition
		This volume derives from the symposium, "From Nociception to Pain," which was held August 27-29, 1993, in Beaune, France.
		The symposium was a satellite of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Congress in Paris, and many of the participants had presented their research at that and prior congresses and other meetings.
		Those who focus their studies on the nociceptive processes to the exclusion of affect and environment are not likely to capture much of the variability in humans.
	www.ampainsoc.org /pub/bulletin/mar96/resrev1.htm (573 words)

	noc.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Nociception is carried by A-delta and C fibers (slow), whereas mechanoreception is carried by A-beta fibers (fast).
		Nociception crosses to the contralateral side of the nervous system in the spinal cord, whereas mechanoreception crosses to the contralateral side in the medulla.
		Because of the different pathways for nociception and mechanoreception, damage to the right half of the spinal cord will disrupt mechanoreception from the right side of the body and nociception from the opposite side of the body.
	www.vancouver.wsu.edu /fac/morgan/lecture/noc.html (487 words)

	Module 10: Overview and Assessment of Cancer Pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In patients with cancer, structural disease or neuropathic processes can usually be identified as etiologic, but this does not obviate the need for a careful assessment of other factors, such as psychological disturbances, that could be influencing the intensity of the pain or contributing to pain-related distress.
		The definition of pain may be clarified by distinguishing nociception, pain, and suffering (Figure: Distinctions and interactions between nociception, pain, and suffering).
		Nociception is the activity produced in the nervous system by noxious (potentially tissue-damaging) stimuli.
	www.ama-cmeonline.com /pain_mgmt/module10/04defin (261 words)

	Spinal mediators involved in nociception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Nociceptive primary afferents contain glutamate, aspartate and substance-P (SP) as the main transmitters.
		NMDA receptors are found as autoreceptors in terminals of primary afferent fibers, where they can facilitate the transmission of inputs to the spinal cord by increasing the release of neurotransmitters from the primary afferent terminals SP released from primary afferents stimulates NK-1 receptors and is believed to play a major role in pain transmission.
		Norepinephrine and serotonin are involved in regulation of the nociceptive threshold obtained by opiate analgesia.
	www.geocities.com /mahindakommalage/spinal_mediators.html (353 words)

	P2X Receptors and Nociception -- Chizh and Illes 53 (4): 553 -- Pharmacological Reviews
		to evoke discharges in vitro in nociceptive afferents in the skin-nerve
		Bland-Ward PA and Humphrey PP (1997) Acute nociception mediated by hindpaw P2X receptor activation in the rat.
		Hamilton SG, Wade A and McMahon SB (1999) The effects of inflammation and inflammatory mediators on nociceptive behaviour induced by ATP analogues in the rat.
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/4/553 (6720 words)

	Journal of Circadian Rhythms \| Full text \| Daily rhythm of nociception in rats
		Nociception was investigated by Eddy's hot plate method, tail immersion method, and tail clip method.
		Understanding of the daily rhythmicity in nociception is important for the standardization of studies of analgesic drugs.
		Nociception was evaluated by Eddy's hot plate method, tail immersion method, and tail clip method.
	www.jcircadianrhythms.com /content/2/1/2 (678 words)

	Switching of Bradykinin-Mediated Nociception Following Partial Sciatic Nerve Injury in Mice -- Rashid et al. 308 (3): ...
		inhibited the BK nociception in nerve-injured mice (Fig.
		Blockade of BK Nociception in Nerve-Injured Mice by AS-ODN for
		in nociceptive sensory neurons (Cesare and McNaughton, 1996
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/308/3/1158 (5041 words)

	Nociception and Subluxation \| David R. Seaman, DC, MS, DABCN
		Nociceptive responses at this level are also influenced by several descending control mechanisms as well as local inhibitory and facilitatory interactions."
		Autonomic symptoms are nociception- induced alterations in function of the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
		If you are a BOOPer or a non-BOOPer and have not investigated the topic of nociception and subluxation, then here is a chance for both sides to agree on a basic tenet of chiropractic -- nerve (nociception) irritation -- and approach it from the science of the 1990s.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/12/20/11.html (936 words)

	IASP Newsletter Technical Corner: Pain, Its Perception and Pain Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although nociception may give rise to the experience of pain, pain may arise in the absence of nociception.
		Nociceptive second-order projections from the dorsal horn neurons to the brain are mainly (about 90%) via the opposite spinothalamic tract.
		The descending connections of the anterior cingulate cortex to the medial thalamic nuclei and to the peri-aqueductal gray in the brain stem suggest that this system may also be involved in the modulation of reflex responses to noxious stimuli.
	www.iasp-pain.org /TC97MayJune.html (2375 words)

	Merck Vet. Edition - Limb Paralysis: Introduction
		Deep nociception is tested by applying hemostatic forceps to the bones of the digits or hoof testers to the hoof and observing a behavioral response.
		With peroneal nerve lesions, nociception on the cranial surface of the hock and tibia and on the dorsal aspect of the foot is reduced or absent.
		With tibial nerve lesions, nociception of the caudal surface of the hock and tibia and plantar surface of the paw is reduced or absent.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/101200.htm (1845 words)

	ePrintsUQ - Ascending Impairment of Nociception in Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
		Ascending Impairment of Nociception in Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
		It is invariably present and consists of an absence of the vocalization response to noxious mechanical stimulation of the tail.
		Light-microscopic, electron-microscopic and electrophysiological studies indicate that it is due to demyelination-induced conduction block in the small diameter myelinated afferent (A delta) fibres in the sacral and coccygeal dorsal root ganglia, dorsal roots and dorsal root entry zones.
	eprint.uq.edu.au /archive/00002284 (220 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Contribution of vanilloid receptors to the overt nociception induced by B2 kinin ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Likewise, BK-induced overt nociception was decreased by lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition.
		For example, the depolarization of sensory neurons caused by BK or capsaicin is highly correlated (Martin et al., 1987) and the thermal hyperalgesia produced by BK in wild-type mice is absent in mice lacking TRPV1 (Chuang et al., 2001).
		The nociceptive action of BK could be mediated not only by direct activation of sensory neurons but also by indirect release of lipid mediators from cells surrounding nerve terminals.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v141/n5/full/0705546a.html (5204 words)

	A laser-based method to measure thermal nociception in dairy cows: Short-term repeatability and effects of power output ...
		The nociceptive responses of the dairy cows were assessed by
		Relationship between laser power output (W) and behavioral responding to nociceptive stimulation (Exp. 1) for a) the latency to move the exposed leg after laser stimulation (s); b) the type of response (percentage of responses observed as kicking); and c) complex behavior (leg licking) between single laser exposures.
		A thermal threshold assay to measure the nociceptive response to morphine sulphate in cattle.
	jas.fass.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/945 (5285 words)

	PainOnline
		Nociception in the cerebellum of the laboratory rat
		In this study, the aim was to correlate the event of nociception in the rat with the areas in the brain that are more active than the baseline, i.e.
		Evidently, whether motor or sensory, the influence of the cerebellum on many nociceptive phenomena cannot be treated with skepticism, but should rather be considered as yet another magnifying glass through which new dimensions of pain may be revealed, and as an alarm against scientific dogmatism and distortion.
	www.painonline.org /LittleBrain.htm (1137 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, (NAS Colloquium) The Neurobiology of Pain (1999)
		In contrast, lesions within the anterior cingulate cortex have no effect on innocuous or nociceptive somesthetic discriminative functions, but impair the recognition of the noxious or aversive quality of the stimulus in animals and the perceived affective quality of pain in humans (4, 5).
		The broad range of environmental influences, such as attention, fear, and the placebo effect on the perception of pain suggests that cortical association areas and their subcortical connections are critical participants in mediating the cognitive aspects of pain.
		The processing of nociceptive stimuli is modulated by the forebrain at spinal, brainstem, and diencephalic levels.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309065488/html/42.html (1356 words)

	Relative contribution of sympathetic and sensory nerves to thermal nociception and tissue trophism in rats. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Relative contribution of sympathetic and sensory nerves to thermal nociception and tissue trophism in rats.
		Neonatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (420 mg/kg s.c.) lowered thermal nociceptive threshold (hot plate and tail immersion tests) and increased levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the skin (paws, tail, area of vibrissae) of Wistar rats.
		It appears that a balance in the neuronal activity between sympathetic neurons and trigeminal sensory neurons is critical for maintaining the normal trophism of the cornea, and that sensory neuropeptides play a key role in the maintenance of normal trophism of the skin.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_7508578.html (246 words)

	Quantitative assessment and characterization of visceral nociception and hyperalgesia in mice -- Kamp et al. 284 (3): ...
		Quantitative assessment and characterization of visceral nociception and hyperalgesia in mice -- Kamp et al.
		Quantitative assessment and characterization of visceral nociception and hyperalgesia in mice
		Colorectal distension (CRD) is a well-characterized model of visceral nociception, which we adapted to the mouse.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/284/3/G434 (220 words)

	Groups II and III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Differentially Modulate Brief and Prolonged Nociception in Primate ...
		transmission and in prolonged nociception evoked by intradermal
		Diminished inflammation and nociceptive pain with preservation of neuropathic pain in mice with a targeted mutation of the type I regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
		Neugebauer V, Vanegas H, Nebe J, Rümenapp P, and Schaible H-G. Effects of N- and L-type calcium channel antagonists on the responses of nociceptive spinal cord neurons to mechanical stimulation of the normal and the inflamed knee joint.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/84/6/2998 (8273 words)

	July/August 1996- Resource Reviews, part 2- Peripheral Neurons in Nociception
		The chapters are written by recognized experts who have each published extensively in the subject matter of their chapters.
		This is a useful reference volume for those who want to review the physiology and pharmacology of nociception and pain states induced by peripheral nerve lesions.
		John Loeser is professor of neurological surgery and anesthesiology and director of the Multidisciplinary Pain Center at the University of Washington, Seattle.
	www.ampainsoc.org /pub/bulletin/jul96/resrev2.htm (242 words)

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