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	MyThyroid.com: Thyroid Nodules
		A nodule may range in size from several mm to several cm, and may be detected visibly, by examination of the neck clinically, or by ultrasound assessment.
		Nevertheless, it is increasingly common for patients to have a thyroid nodule detected "incidentally" as part of an investigation for symptoms in the neck region that ultimately lead to a neck ultrasound and the detection of a thyroid nodule.
		Nodules may also be classified as Functioning nodules (or Hot Nodules) or as Non-functioning (or cold), based on the results of radionucliide imaging studies (thyroid scans).
	www.mythyroid.com /thyroidnodules.html (3349 words)

	Thyroid Nodules, Lumps, Enlarged Thyroid, Goiter / Thyroid Disease Information Source - Articles/FAQs
		A nodule is a swelling or lump, which can be a solid or liquid filled cyst or mass.
		Only 5% of nodules are cancerous, and most forms of thyroid cancers are highly treatable and curable.
		Even among cold nodules, only a small percentage are cancerous, but these types of nodules typically require further evaluation.
	www.thyroid-info.com /articles/nodulesgoiter.htm (1103 words)

	Tyroid Nodules-Surgery Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the chances that a nodule will be malignant are small, you’re at higher risk if you have a family history of thyroid or other endocrine cancers, are younger the 20 or older than 60, are a man or have a history of head or neck radiation.
		However, if the nodule has grown within the first six months, a second biopsy is generally recommended and a course of action is determined depending on the results of the second biopsy.
		Nodules that are diagnosed by FNA as indeterminate or suspicious fall somewhere between benign and cancerous.
	coloradosurgicalservice.com /article_thyroid.htm (1743 words)

	Voice Disorders - Nodules
		Nodules are symmetric, broad-based masses (“mass” simply means “lump,” and does not imply cancer) which occur at the midpoint of both vocal folds.
		It is a fact that nodules are found almost exclusively in young women and pre-adolescent boys, which suggests that laryngeal size may also be a factor that predisposes to nodule formation.
		Nodules are the same color as the rest of the vocal fold, in contrast to many
	www.voicemedicine.com /nodules.htm (802 words)

	Thyroid nodules - Practical Therapeutics American Family Physician - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A thyroid nodule is a palpable swelling in a thyroid gland with an otherwise normal appearance.
		Palpable thyroid nodules occur in 4 to 7 percent of the population (10 to 18 million persons), but nodules found incidentally on ultrasonography suggest a prevalence of 19 to 67 percent.
		Nodules are often discovered by the patient as a visible lump, or they are discovered incidentally during a physical examination.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_3_67/ai_97132877 (893 words)

	Thyroid nodules
		Although the chances that a nodule will be malignant are small, you're at higher risk if you have a family history of thyroid or other endocrine cancers, are younger than 20 or older than 60, are a man, or have a history of head or neck radiation.
		Nodules are more likely to form in people who have or have had thyroiditis — a chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland.
		Nodules diagnosed as indeterminate or suspicious by FNA biopsy also must be surgically removed so that they can be examined more thoroughly for signs of cancer.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00491.html (2628 words)

	18-Thyroid Nodules
		The differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules is now easily accomplished by fine needle aspiration cytology in 60-90% of the cases, allowing a significant reduction in the number of thyroid surgeries performed for thyroid nodules.
		Of specific interest in relation to benign nodules is the remarkable observation by Vassart and colleagues that activating mutations of the TSH receptor are the specific cause of most autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (3) including those found in the context of a mulitnodular goiter (4).
		In contrast, in an iodide-replete country, discovery of a nodule in the thyroid of a child is (fortunately) uncommon, and always raises alarm because of the risk of neoplasia.
	www.thyroidmanager.org /Chapter18/18-noduletxt.htm (9062 words)

	NYU Voice Center - About Us
		The term nodule is used frequently when referring to a lesion (swelling or growth) on the vocal cords.
		Vocal cord nodules are a specifically defined entity that results from a relatively well-defined set of causes, and which have well-defined treatment guidelines.
		Nodules created in this manner are always bilateral (directly apposing), and appear at the junction of the anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of the vocal cords.
	www.med.nyu.edu /voicecenter/conditions/voice/vocal_nodules.html (407 words)

	Vocal Fold Nodules and Polyps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vocal fold nodules are benign growths on both vocal folds that are caused by vocal abuse.
		Nodules are most frequently caused by vocal abuse or misuse.
		This approach only occurs when the nodules or polyps are very large or have existed for a long time and is rare for children.
	www.asha.org /public/speech/disorders/nodules_polyps.htm (596 words)

	New York Thyroid Center: Thyroid Nodules
		A CNB is the removal of a core of thyroid tissue from the nodule using a larger needle.
		If a nodule is too small to be felt (usually less than 1.5 cm, about 3/4 of an inch) and if you do not have any risk factors for thyroid cancer, a follow-up physical examination in about 6 months is generally recommended.
		If the nodule has disappeared completely, the thyroid hormone medication is slowly decreased to zero and the thyroid gland is examined at about three to six month intervals to make certain that the nodule does not reappear (requiring restarting the medication).
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/thyroid/NodulesHP.html (2318 words)

	Nodule (medicine) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine, a nodule refers to a small aggregation of cells.
		Nodules may form on tendons and muscles in response to injury.
		Nodules are normally benign and often painless, although they can affect the functioning of the organ.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nodule_(medicine) (210 words)

	Historique Nodules
		Nodules were also collected in cores and dredges by the scientific expeditions that surveyed the global ocean.
		Polymetallic nodules are small balls, dark-brown colored and lightly flattened, 5 to 10 centimeters in diameter, which lay on the seabed at 4.000 to 6.000 meters deep.
		The growth rate of the nodules is one of the slowest phenomenon (in the order of a centimeter by several millions years).
	www.ifremer.fr /drogm_uk/Realisation/Miner/Nod/texte/txt1_2.html (934 words)

	Thyroid Nodule Biopsy
		Thyroid nodules increase with age and are present in almost ten percent of the adult population.
		information regarding a solitary thyroid nodule, the only test which can differentiate benign from cancerous thyroid nodules is a biopsy (the term biopsy means to obtain a sample of the tissue and examine it under the microscope to see if the cells have taken on the characteristics of cancer cells).
		Eighty-five percent of thyroid nodules are cold, 10 percent are warm, and five percent are hot.
	www.endocrineweb.com /fna.html (1517 words)

	Thyroid Nodules \| goitre \| goiter \| thyroid cancer \| multinodular goitre
		Single nodules are also common, affecting perhaps 5% of the population - although most of those affected are not aware that there is anything wrong with their thyroid gland.
		Nodules which take up the same amount of iodine as the rest of the gland are called "warm" or functioning nodules.
		When there are many nodules in the thyroid gland, it is difficult to be certain as to whether or not one of these nodules is malignant.
	www.thyroid.ca /Guides/HG04.html (1171 words)

	Thyroid Nodules and Cancer
		Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the chance of both benign and malignant nodules and palpable thyroid nodules occur in 20% to 30% of radiation exposed populations.
		Thyroid cancer is present in about 10% to 20% of palpable solitary nodules in patients without radiation exposure and in 20% to 50% of the palpable thyroid nodules in radiation exposed populations.
		Biopsy of a solitary nodule or a dominant nodule in a multinodular goiter should be the first-line investigation.
	www.surgicalspecialistsofspokane.com /thyroid.html (533 words)

	Nodules
		After about 6 months of voice therapy to try to relieve the nodules by non-operative techniques, it was decided to intervene surgically and remove the nodules using laryngeal microsurgical techniques.
		The patient was anaesthetised, and the nodules removed in a micro direct laryngoscopic procedure.
		The medial edge of the vocal cords was smoothed by cold dissection of the nodules, which were noticably larger in their inferior extent than seen in the intraoperative photographs below.
	www.medicine.uiowa.edu /otolaryngology/cases/nodules/nodules1.htm (608 words)

	Thyroid Nodules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Acording to the AJM and SNM, the frequency of thyroid cancer in a cold nodule is actually much lower- about 5% in an iodine sufficient area and there is no change in the frequency of malignancy in patients with a multinodular goiter and a dominant nodule.
		A nodule which appears hot/warm on Tc-pertechnetate imaging and cold on radioiodine imaging (warm nodules have activity equal to surrounding thyroid tissue and are also refered to as being "non-delineated" which may be a more appropriate term).
		Discordant nodules can be explained by either the preservation of Tc-pertechnetate trapping, but failure of organification or the rapid release of organified iodine from the nodule (iodine has washed out of gland by time of scanning at 24 hours).
	www.indyrad.iupui.edu /public/lectures/HTML/NM/thyroid/thy03.htm (1040 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Classifying solitary pulmonary nodules
		The first step in evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules is to estimate the likelihood of malignancy on the basis of several factors related to the nodules and the patient.
		Solitary pulmonary nodules that are not clearly benign or malignant by growth characteristics should be evaluated by chest CT for the presence of calcification or fat.
		Nodules in patients younger than 35 years who do not have other risk factors for cancer and with smooth, defined edges on imaging studies are low-risk (10).
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2003/08_03/2sullivan.htm (3238 words)

	Radiology Rounds - March 2005 - Management of Thyroid Nodules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the discovery of thyroid nodules warrants attention and follow-up, there is considerable concern that the increase in the number of incidental findings may lead to unnecessary testing and treatment, adding to the cost-burden of health care and some risk for the patient.
		It should be noted that the prevalence of non-palpable thyroid nodules has been estimated to be in the range of 19-67% of the population, and about 50% in those over the age of 60.
		Ultrasound imaging can detect nodules as small as 2 mm and it is useful for determining the number of thyroid nodules and measuring their size.
	www.massgeneralimaging.org /newsletter/march_2005 (1074 words)

	THYROID LUMPS, THYROID NODULES & THYROID SURGERY
		A thyroid nodule is a swelling that develops in the thyroid gland.
		Most thyroid nodules are benign growths that may increase in size but do not spread beyond the thyroid gland.
		About 5% of nodules turn out to be malignant growths, which are cancers that can spread beyond the thyroid gland to other parts of the neck and other areas of the body.
	www.medic8.com /healthguide/articles/thyroidlumps.html (297 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Thyroid nodules and cancer
		Although nodules are found eight times more often in women than in men, any palpable nodule is twice as likely to be malignant in a man than in a woman.
		On the basis of tracer uptake, nodules are classified as "cold" (decreased uptake, 85% of nodules), "warm" (uptake similar to that of surrounding tissue, 10% of nodules), or "hot" (increased uptake in the nodule with suppression of uptake in the surrounding tissue, <5% of nodules).
		Limited experience of the operator, the vascularity or cystic component of a nodule, and the criteria used to judge adequacy of the aspirates are some of the factors that contribute to inadequate samples (4).
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2000/01_00/castro.htm (3356 words)

	eMedicine - Thyroid Nodule : Article by Steven K Dankle
		Roughly 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant, whereas the remainder represents a variety of benign diagnoses, including colloid nodules, degenerative cysts, hyperplasia, thyroiditis, or benign neoplasms.
		In cases of a solitary thyroid nodule with a normal TSH value, no additional laboratory studies may be required in the diagnostic evaluation unless autoimmune disease (eg, Hashimoto thyroiditis) is suspected.
		Because only 10% of solitary thyroid nodules are hot and because 90% of cold nodules are not malignant, nuclear imaging with or without ultrasonography typically offers a low yield of cancer diagnoses in surgical specimens when their results are used as the main guides for referral to a surgeon.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3224.htm (2006 words)

	Vocal cord nodules
		These small vocal cord elevations or nodules have a tiny capillary in the one on the right.
		They must be held slightly apart during vibrations or they will stop vibrating because the nodules dampen the cords when they touch.
		Vocal nodules are discrete swellings in the mid portion of the vocal fold, usually bilaterally symmetrical.
	www.voicedoctor.net /media/photo/mucosal/nodules.html (130 words)

	Thyroid Nodules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths or lumps in the thyroid gland.
		Hyperthyroidism can develop when a nodule makes too much thyroid hormone and causes the thyroid gland to be overactive, or work too hard.
		In most cases, he or she will also remove a small piece of the thyroid tissue (biopsy) to see whether your nodule is cancerous.
	www.luhs.org /health/kbase/htm/hw16/9627/hw169629.htm (511 words)

	Thyroid Nodule, nodules, thyroid, radiation, thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid surgery
		In this most common situation, there is a small to moderate sized nodule which is simply an overgrowth of "normal" thyroid tissue, or even a sign that there is too little hormone being produced.
		Occasionally, nodules may cause pain, and even rarer still are those patients who complain of difficulty swallowing when a nodule is large enough and positioned in such a way that it impedes the normal passage of food through the esophagus (which lies behind the trachea and thyroid).
		Occasionally a thyroid nodule is found because the patient is undergoing a CT scan, MRI scan, or ultrasound scan of the neck for some other reason (parathyroid disease, carotid artery disease, cervical spine pain, etc).
	www.endocrineweb.com /nodule.html (976 words)

	Thyroid Nodules -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A thyroid nodule is a lump in the thyroid gland in your neck.
		Others may be told by their doctor to watch the nodule to see if it goes away by itself.
		If a nodule is cancerous or grows with hormone pill treatment, surgery to remove the nodule may be needed.
	familydoctor.org /742.xml (409 words)

	Nodule definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Nodule: A small solid collection of tissue, a nodule is palpable (can be felt).
		A nodule may be present in the epidermis, dermis or subcutis (at any level in the skin).
		The word "nodule" is the diminutive of "node" (a knot or knob) so a "nodule" means "a little knot or knob."
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4576 (151 words)

	Deep Sea Nodules - Mining in Manitoba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Since the 1960's manganese nodules have been recognized as a potential ore source, investigation of which is stimulated by the progressive depletion of land-based mineral resources.
		Oceanic nodules may be formed from the ore material of polygenic origin, although some researchers would emphasize the predominant role of hydrothermal sources.
		Although the function of microorganisms in manganese and the mechanism of oxidation are still under debate, it is believed that the biogenic factor determines to a considerable extent the manganese destiny on its ways to the ocean.
	www.digistar.mb.ca /minsci/future/nodules.htm (678 words)

	Milkers' nodules. DermNet NZ
		Milkers' nodule is an infection of the skin caused by a virus that infects the teats of cows.
		The nodules are usually on the hands, particularly the fingers, but occasionally the face.
		It is difficult to reliably distinguish Milkers' nodules from orf, the related condition in sheep, but the appearance of the nodules, number of lesions and whether cows or sheep are being mainly contacted is a guide.
	dermnetnz.org /viral/milkers-nodules.html (397 words)

	Thyroid nodule symptoms, diagnosis and treatment on MedicineNet.com
		Some nodules can be felt quite easily, while others can be hidden deep in the thyroid tissue or located very low in the gland where they are difficult to feel.
		This means the nodules are found during studies that are being done for reasons other than examination of the thyroid gland.
		Therefore, the primary purpose for evaluating a thyroid nodule is to determine whether cancer is present.
	www.medicinenet.com /thyroid_nodules/article.htm (461 words)

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