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Topic: Nodule (medicine)

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	eMedicine - Thyroid Nodule : Article by Steven K Dankle, MD
		Roughly 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant, whereas the remainder represents a variety of benign diagnoses, including colloid nodule, degenerative cyst, hyperplasia, thyroiditis, or benign neoplasm.
		Ultrasonography cannot be used to distinguish a benign nodule from a malignant nodule and is not considered a routine part of the initial diagnostic evaluation of a solitary thyroid nodule.
		Because solitary thyroid nodules are hot in only 10% of cases and 90% of cold nodules are not malignant, nuclear imaging with or without ultrasonography typically is associated with a low yield of cancer diagnoses in surgical specimens when used as the main guide for surgical referral.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3224.htm (1560 words)

	Nodule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine, a nodule refers to a small aggregation of cells.
		In geology, a nodule refers to a small knobbly rock or mineral cluster.
		In plant biology, a root nodule is a root outgrowth formed on the roots of legumes and house symbiotic bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen and provide it to the plant in exchange for carbon.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Nodule (138 words)

	La Consulta Semanal
		An aspirate of a parathyroid adenoma was misinterpreted as a macrofollicular lesion of the thyroid.
		Nodules were categorized as "solitary" or "dominant nodule of a multinodular gland." Concordance rates were measured between results of palpation and ultrasonographic findings.
		The overall concordance rate between the size of the solitary nodule or the dominant nodule in a multinodular gland estimated with clinical palpation and the actual size seen on ultrasonography was 72%.
	www.intermedicina.com /consultas/Cons_dic00b.htm (3022 words)

	ScienceDaily.com Content: THE 15-MINUTE VISIT Solitary pulmonary nodule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Once a true, solitary nodule is identified, the diagnostic approach involves consideration of the patient's risk factors for cancer, comorbid conditions, surgical risk, patient preference, and the skills of the surgeon and radiologist.
		Nodules larger than 1 cm, especially in moderate- to high-risk patients, should be considered for transthoracic needle aspiration or surgical resection.
		Nodules of 5 to 9 mm in diameter are usually too small to aspirate.
	sciencedaily.mediwire.com /main/Content.aspx?ArticleID=150953 (754 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Lung Cancer Symposium: Management of solitary pulmonary nodules
		The smaller the nodule at resection, the better the 5-year survival rate; in patients with a nodule of 1 cm or less in diameter, the survival rate is about 80% (1,2).
		If a nodule seen on an earlier film appears to be stable over a period of 2 years or longer, the likelihood of malignancy is small, and most experts agree that immediate thoracotomy is not indicated.
		Solitary pulmonary nodule: high-resolution CT and radiologic-pathologic correlation.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1997/03_97/lilling.htm (2478 words)

	Lung Nodule Enhancement at CT: Multicenter Study1 -- Swensen et al. 214 (1): 73 -- Radiology
		biopsy of the nodule was an exclusion criterion, because postbiopsy
		the preenhancement attenuation of benign nodules and that of
		Thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of the indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodule.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/214/1/73 (5697 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Classifying solitary pulmonary nodules
		The first step in evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules is to estimate the likelihood of malignancy on the basis of several factors related to the nodules and the patient.
		Solitary pulmonary nodules that are not clearly benign or malignant by growth characteristics should be evaluated by chest CT for the presence of calcification or fat.
		Biopsies of solitary pulmonary nodules are appropriate for patients who are not candidates for surgical resection because of underlying disease, poor performance status, or evidence of advanced-stage or metastatic cancer.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2003/08_03/2sullivan.htm (3238 words)

	UCLA Department of Medicine - wfsection-Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancer
		She was euthyroid but the ultrasound revealed a 6 mm right lobe nodule and a 7 mm nodule in the left lobe, both well circumscribed.
		Even with no palpable nodule, ultrasonography is recommended if there is a clear history of high dose radiation exposure at young age, history of another radiation-related tumor, or a sibling with a history of radiation-related tumor.
		If the thyroid nodules are benign, and surgery is not recommended the physician must monitor patients as high risk for life, with annual palpation and repeat ultrasonography periodically.
	www.med.ucla.edu /modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=72 (1029 words)

	eMedicine - Solitary Pulmonary Nodule : Article by Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCP, DABSM
		Size and shape: Although a well-defined nodule of smaller size that is clearly visible on chest radiographs may be calcified and benign, most smaller lesions are probably early-stage bronchogenic carcinoma.
		Because a nodule on a chest radiograph is seen as a 2-dimensional circle rather than a 3-dimensional sphere, an increase in diameter of 26% corresponds to a doubling of nodule volume.
		Invasion of the adjacent bone by the nodule is pathognomic of bronchogenic carcinoma.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3559.htm (3456 words)

	Thyroid Nodules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Acording to the AJM and SNM, the frequency of thyroid cancer in a cold nodule is actually much lower- about 5% in an iodine sufficient area and there is no change in the frequency of malignancy in patients with a multinodular goiter and a dominant nodule.
		A nodule which appears hot/warm on Tc-pertechnetate imaging and cold on radioiodine imaging (warm nodules have activity equal to surrounding thyroid tissue and are also refered to as being "non-delineated" which may be a more appropriate term).
		Discordant nodules can be explained by either the preservation of Tc-pertechnetate trapping, but failure of organification or the rapid release of organified iodine from the nodule (iodine has washed out of gland by time of scanning at 24 hours).
	www.indyrad.iupui.edu /public/lectures/HTML/NM/thyroid/thy03.htm (1040 words)

	Lung Nodule: Nothing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The nodules were found because I had a routine chest X-ray and the radiologist thought he saw a very small shadow.
		So I encourage everyone who has had lung nodules found by a CT scan not to assume they are necesarily serious or cancerous.
		Modern medicine is wonderful, but I often wonder whether some of the diagnostic techniques cause a great deal of unnecessary anxiety and fear.
	www.pandamedicine.com /rt_women/501.html (238 words)

	Thyroid nodule, Eastern Carolina
		Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths in the thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland that wraps around the windpipe (trachea).
		Nodules that are not cancerous (benign) may be observed without treatment.
		However, all or part of the thyroid gland may need to be surgically removed for cancerous (malignant) nodules, nodules in which cancer is suspected, and large benign nodules that cause breathing or swallowing difficulties.
	www.uhseast.com /158053.cfm (257 words)

	Physical exam for thyroid nodules, Eastern Carolina
		If a nodule can be felt, your health professional will try to determine about how large it is, whether it is firm or soft, and whether it is free-floating or attached to other structures in your neck.
		Listen to determine whether your voice is hoarse (indicating that the nodule is pressing on the nerves that control movement of the vocal cords).
		The nodule is soft and smooth and does not seem to be attached to surrounding tissue.
	www.uhseast.com /138354.cfm (424 words)

	Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Aspiration cytology of papillary hyperplastic thyroid nodule / In reply
		To the Editor.-While reading the recent article by Khurana et al1 discussing the aspiration cytology pattern in 3 pediatric patients with solitary papillary hyperplastic thyroid nodules, one is compelled to come to the conclusion that there were not only potential pitfalls, as the authors mention in the subtitle of their article, but several dangerous pitfalls.
		Although the results of laboratory tests (elevated triiodothyronine-thyroxine ratio; low thyroid-stimulating hormone level) and a thyroid scan (hot nodule with cold areas) were indicative of hyperthyroidism, the authors do not state whether the patient presented with clinical signs of hyperthyroidism.
		However, the 2 cases described in our series had a hot nodule with cold areas (case 1) and a warm nodule (case 2) on scan.1 In case 1, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed to rule out the presence of papillary carcinoma in the cold areas.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200210/ai_n9094433 (1081 words)

	Prostate Nodule
		While a rocky hard nodule may mean cancer it may also be a calcification, (stone), in the prostate.
		When a nodule is found, the urologist must include in his evaluation the presence of symptoms of prostatitis or infection, the level of PSA and/or Free PSA, as well as the consistency of the nodule.
		If the nodule disappears, and the PSA goes back to normal, a biopsy may not need be done.
	www.wmfurology.com /pcaprost_nodule.htm (208 words)

	Content
		A nodule found in a man's thyroid is more likely to be cancer than when found in a woman.
		The first sign of a cancerous nodule in the thyroid gland is a painless lump in the neck.
		Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common form of thyroid cancer, accounting for about 60 to 70 percent of all cases.
	www.presbyterian.org /health_library/adult_library/content?pageid=P00435 (643 words)

	Managing the Small Pulmonary Nodule Discovered by CT -- Libby et al. 125 (4): 1522 -- Chest
		A nodule < 5 mm in diameter or a nonsolid nodule
		nodule is judged to have an intermediate likelihood of being
		Torrington, KG, Kern, JD The utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/pmidlookup?view=full&pmid=15078769 (3967 words)

	Cell death by apoptosis is a feature of the rheumatoid nodule -- Highton et al. 62 (1): 77 -- Annals of the Rheumatic ...
		in the nodule and 3.6 (3.1)% of cells in synovial membranes.
		The centre of the nodule is occupied by necrotic
		the vicinity of the necrotic centre of the nodules.
	ard.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/62/1/77 (1894 words)

	Isolated, ulcerated violaceous nodule on left cheek - Geriatrics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		On examination you observe a solitary, sharply marginated, ulcerated, violaceous nodule on the left upper medial cheek (figure).
		A purpuric patch and a keratotic papule are noted inferior to the main lesion, but are not thought to be associated with the nodule.
		Amelanotic melanoma may present as a solitary, violaceous nodule, identical to what is seen here.
	www.geri.com /geriatrics/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=127350 (272 words)

	A painful cutaneous nodule as the presentation of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.
		A painful cutaneous nodule as the presentation of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.
		We report a 43-year-old man with HIV who presented with a painful, vascular-appearing nodule as the initial manifestation of metastasis of a prior transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.
		Histopathologic comparison of the nodule with the prior transitional cell carcinoma and immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies confirmed that the nodule was a metastasis of the original transitional cell carcinoma.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/2000/aug/A0080963.html (403 words)

	NUCMEDNET FEATURED PROCEDURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Her chest x-ray demonstrated a solitary pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe.
		A review of the literature suggests that the increasing role of CT in the identification of pulmonary nodules has led to an even larger group of patients in whom the diagnosis of lung cancer is indeterminate.
		However, when a noncalcified nodule is identified, and there is no evidence of metastatic disease or enlarged lymph nodes, the situation is more complex.
	www.nucmednet.com /neotect.htm (1226 words)

	Joint Program in Nuclear Medicine
		Contrast enhanced CT scan of the neck showed a dominant nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid with rounded, 1-3 cm, enhancing structures (59k bytes) in the right neck containing low attenuation central portions (arrows, 59k bytes).
		This is particularly relevant with respect to the solitary palpable nodule in the euthyroid patient.
		The advantages and disadvantages of the common modalities used to investigate a thyroid nodule should be familiar to nuclear medicine physicians to enable them to help guide an appropriate work-up.
	www.med.harvard.edu /JPNM/TF94_95/Oct4/WriteUpOct4.html (978 words)

	Health Information - Yale Medical Group
		A special camera, called a gamma camera, is used to determine the amount of radiation that has been absorbed by thyroid nodules.
		Cold nodules are nodules that absorb less radioactive material than the surrounding thyroid tissue.
		Whereas, hot nodules are nodules that absorb more radioactive material.
	ymghealthinfo.org /content.asp?pageid=P07364 (1132 words)

	Solitary pulmonary nodule of Augusta, Georgia
		A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is a small abnormal growth in the lung.
		A CT scan normally is done to help determine the growth rate, the shape of the nodule, and the pattern of calcification in the nodule to help identify whether it is benign or malignant.
		If your doctor determines that you have a high risk of a malignant nodule, he or she may omit this test and recommend surgery to remove the nodule.
	www.universityhealth.org /19293.cfm (645 words)

	Pulmonary Tuberculoma Evaluated by Means of FDG PET: Findings in 10 Cases -- Goo et al. 216 (1): 117 -- Radiology
		Differentiation of malignant from benign pulmonary nodules is
		The nodular opacity (open arrow) in the left upper lobe adjacent to the mediastinum is a pulmonary vein, the posterior tributary (V3c) of the anterior segmental vein of the upper lobe.
		The standardized uptake values of the nodules were 4.2 (upper nodule) and 3.7 (lower nodule).
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/216/1/117 (3716 words)

	Welcome to VoiceMedicine.com - Specialized Care for Voice Disorders
		This information represents a combination of scientific evidence and consensus among experts, for voice medicine (laryngology) is a rapidly evolving field, and much investigative work remains to be done.
		It may not be appropriate to your individual case, and should not be used in making treatment decisions, especially with regard to medication.
		Considerable effort is made to ensure that the information on this site is accurate, but medicine is a changing field, and this website is not responsible for errors or omissions.
	www.voicemedicine.com (263 words)

	Thyroid Nodules
		A 29 year old female was referred for thyroid scan and uptake after a small thyroid nodule was detected by her physician in the lower right aspect of her gland.
		Because the palpable abnormality had decreased uptake on thyroid scintigraphy, the nodule was biopsied using fine needle aspiration, and a diagnosis of papillary carcinoma was made.
		Thyroid nodules have a high incidence in the general population.
	www.med.harvard.edu /JPNM/TF96_97/Oct29/WriteUp.html (903 words)

	Computer Program Helps Doctors Diagnose Lung Cancer
		When a person undergoes a scan to identify a lump or nodule, the radiologist looks at the texture, the borders and the shape to determine if it is malignant or just a benign growth.
		A malignant lung nodule: (a) the 3D rendered nodule on a prior CT exam (Oct. 2000), (b) representative 2D slice of the lung nodule, (c) the 3D rendered nodule on a current CT exam (Nov. 2000), (d) representative 2D slice of the lung nodule.
		Current scans and previous scans were fed through a computer program specially designed by the U-M researchers to evaluate the size, texture, density and change over time of the nodules.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/11/041129110941.htm (893 words)

	CT Findings and Progression of Small Peripheral Lung Neoplasms Having a Replacement Growth Pattern -- Takashima et al. ...
		Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
		Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
		Serial transverse high-resolution CT obtained 395 days after A shows growth to 12-mm nodule of ground-glass opacity in which solid component (arrowhead) is seen.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/figsonly/180/3/817 (736 words)

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