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Topic: Noise physics

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Thermal noise

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	noise (physics)
		Noise is a recognized form of pollution, but is difficult to measure because the annoyance or discomfort caused varies between individuals.
		Loud noise is a major pollutant in towns and cities.
		Electronic noise takes the form of unwanted signals generated in electronic circuits and in recording processes by stray electrical or magnetic fields, or by temperature variations.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0007894.html (409 words)

	Physics News Update
		Noise can improve human balance control, to the point that it may enable elderly subjects to steady themselves as well as their young counterparts, researchers in New England have demonstrated (Jim Collins, Boston University, 617-353-0390, jcollins@bu.edu).
		The authors further demonstrate a trend in elderly subjects towards reducing their postural sway to the level of young subjects, suggesting that noise may be a "fountain of youth" for human balance.
		Noise may provide similar beneficial effects in individuals with marked sensory deficits, such as patients who have suffered a stroke or a disorder in the peripheral nervous system.
	www.aip.org /enews/physnews/2002/split/612-2.html (358 words)

	Noise (physics) - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In communications, it may be deliberate as for instance jamming of a radio or TV signal, but in most cases it is assumed to be merely undesired interference with intended operations.
		Noise and what can be done about it has long been studied.
		In some cases a little noise may be considered advantageous, allowing a dithered representation of signals below the minimum strength, or between two quantization levels.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /noise_(physics).htm (334 words)

	Making Noise In Photo-Paint
		In physics, noise is a random consistent disturbance that obscures clarity and is, in fact, most often not a sound but rather fuzziness or blurs.
		The Noise tool and its complementary functions are found under the EFFECTS menu in all versions of Photo-Paint, and though the interface may vary slightly from version to version, you are always offered choices of Noise type (Gaussian, Spike, Uniform), Level and Density control, and Color mode settings.
		Clearly, the noise pattern on the 300 dpi image at far left is more dense and because the pixels are compressed more tightly in a 300 dpi image than a 72 dpi, the noise groups are also compressed and appear smaller.
	www.corelmag.com /0603/noisepp/noisepp01.html (2192 words)

	Noise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In general usage, noise can be considered data without meaning; that is, data that is not being used to transmit a signal, but is simply produced as an unwanted by-product of other activities.
		Noise is still considered information, in the sense of Information Theory.
		When speaking of noise in relation to sound, most often it is defined as meaningless sound of greater than usual volume.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/noise (199 words)

	\vspace{-20mm}\pretitle \\[20mm] \lbf\ti
		The study of the internal noise sources indeed is a fundamental aspect of the noise behaviour of microwave transistors to reach high performances device with decreasing dimensions.
		Noise is present in all electronic devices and it is generated by the random motion of electrons in a resistive material, by the random recombination of holes and electrons in a semiconductor, and when holes and electrons diffuse through a potential barrier.
		The principal noise sources in a bipolar transistor are the thermal noise in the base spreading resistance, shot noise, flicker noise and burst noise in the base bias current [17].
	dftpc6.ts.infn.it /pais2001/pa/spagnolo.html (4547 words)

	Dust and Noise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He concluded that "pure noise" does not exist--and for that matter, neither does "pure signal." Mandelbrot discovered, in fact, that noise pulses followed a fractal pattern called "Cantor Dust," perhaps the most easily described fractal.
		Noise came from stars, but this "noise" soon became the basis of a new science founded by Janksy--radio astronomy.
		With the science of complexity and nonlinear dynamics, we are well beyond finding a line between signal and noise, discovering that that line is in fact a complex border, folding in on finer scales of division between signal and noise.
	www.gpc.edu /~mnunes/COMPLEX/NOISE.HTM (921 words)

	Active Noise Control FAQ v1996-03-14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Broadband noise, that is, noise that contains a wide range of frequencies, is significantly harder to control than narrowband (tonal or periodic) noise or a tone plus harmonics (integer multiples of the original frequency).
		Reduction of helicopter cabin noise by active vibration isolation of the rotor and gearbox from the cabin.
		Reduction of noise radiated by ships and submarines by active vibration isolation of interior mounted machinery (using active elements in parallel with passive elements) and active reduction of vibratory power transmission along the hull, using vibration actuators on the hull.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/active-noise-control-faq (6083 words)

	Features Item : Good Vibrations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On the subjective side, the challenge for anyone dealing with the problem of noise is that tolerance of noise varies (often substantially) from person to person.
		For noise to occur, some source must create waves of pressure that are transmitted through either air, liquids, or solid materials and have components within the frequency range discernible to the human ear (generally between 30 cycles and 20,000 cycles for a young person).
		A motor produces so-called “electrical noise,” which is generally at line frequency or a multiple (harmonic) of line frequency, when the magnetized parts of the motor have room to physically move.
	www.achrnews.com /CDA/ArticleInformation/features/BNP__Features__Item/0,1338,97388,00.html (1437 words)

	Noise - Succeed in Physical Science
		This noise can be irritating, as well as to inhibit listening to the radio or CD while on the highway.
		White noise is a type of random noise similar to static.
		To suppress sound noise, special acoustical materials can be used to reduce the noise and electronic devices can be used to actively cancel the noise to prevent it from entering the person's ears.
	www.school-for-champions.com /science/noise.htm (725 words)

	Physics Today April 2001
		Noise is not a new concept in science and engineering.
		Noise in Spatially Extended Systems, by Jordi García-Ojalvo and José M. Sancho, targets researchers and graduate students interested exactly in these phenomena, or more precisely, those who want to learn the mathematical tools used to analyze models describing these phenomena.
		Numerical techniques to generate spatiotemporal noise of any given characteristics, and methods of subsequent solution of the stochastic differential equations, previously scattered through a large body of literature, are now easily accessible in compact form.
	www.physicstoday.org /pt/vol-54/iss-4/p68.html (658 words)

	CSAR Noon Seminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Airframe noise (i.e., noise associated with non-propulsive parts of an aircraft) represents a major component of acoustic radiation during the approach configuration.
		Recent investigations of airframe noise have focused on developing physics based noise reduction techniques, i.e., concepts derived from an established cause-effect chain between near-field unsteadiness and the far-field noise.
		In this talk, we describe this investigative process in the context of noise generation near a leading-edge slat and the flap side edge, respectively.
	www.cse.uiuc.edu /seminars/choudhari.html (231 words)

	Noise. - Physics - What's Been Published (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Noise-induced transitions : theory and applications in physics, chemistry, and biology / W. Horsthemke, R. Lefever.
		Noise in spatially extended systems / Jordi Garcâia-Ojalvo, Jose M. Sancho.
		Theory of noise induced processes in special applications / edited by Frank Moss and P.V.E. McClintock.
	www.pitbossannie.com /rps-qc-noise.html (91 words)

	A TCAD Approach to the Physics-Based Modeling of Frequency Conversion and Noise in Semiconductor Devices Under ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Abstract: The paper presents a novel, unified technique to evaluate, through physics-based modeling, the frequency conversion and noise behavior of semiconductor devices operating in large-signal periodic regime.
		Starting from the harmonic balance (HB) solution of the spatially discretized physics-based model under (quasi) periodic forced operation, frequency conversion at the device ports in the presence of additional input tones is simulated by application of the small-signal large-signal network...
		1 Noise modeling in MESFET and HEMT mixers using a uniform noi..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /582980.html (521 words)

	1/f noise bib: math model
		FN Hooge (1997), "40 years of 1/f noise modelling", in Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Fluctuations (World Scientific), pp 3-10.
		HJ Jensen (1991), "1/f noise from the linear diffusion equation", Physica Scripta, 43:593-595.
		M Duong-Van (1990), "The physics of the logistic map in the continuous-time limit", Physics Letters A, 151(9), 493-499 (1990).
	www.nslij-genetics.org /wli/1fnoise/1fnoise_model.html (1202 words)

	1/f noise
		1/f noise is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the spectral energy density is proportional to the reciprocal of the frequency.
		1/f noise is found in a wide variety of physical phenomena.
		The human auditory system, which uses a roughly logarithmic concept of frequency approximated by the Bark scale, does not perceive equal magnitude at all frequencies, thus white noise is not perceived as white noise, while pink noise is.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/1/f_noise (203 words)

	Pesquisa Psi - Noise, physics, and psi: New ideas for research.
		Noise, physics, and psi: New ideas for research.
		With this in mind, this paper describes ideas and techniques concerning the phenomenon of stochastic resonance, wherein a noisy system is driven by an external signal that should be too weak to effect it.
		This output is assumed to relate to a psi mechanism plus noise sources, so analysis looks for patterns that are hidden by the noise.
	www.pesquisapsi.com /content/view/43/1 (212 words)

	Noise threatens Moore’s Law (December 2002) - News - PhysicsWeb
		In 1965 Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel, predicted that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits would double every year and this came to be known as “Moore’s Law”.
		Kish believes that any further increase in the density of computer chips means that they will reach a physical limit -- due to thermal noise -- relatively soon.
		Although Kish does not set any physical limits on transistor sizes he argues that the logical threshold voltage -- the supply voltage -- cannot be reduced below a certain limit.
	physicsweb.org /article/news/6/12/11 (335 words)

	Calvin College Physics and Astronomy Department Seminar
		His lock involves the mixing, or "heterodyning," of two lasers on a fast detector, and it allows the difference between the laser frequencies to be monitored and controlled with radio-frequency electronic components.
		The review of the physics of noise will lead directly to a solution for noise reduction, which was built in the laboratory, tested in the field and developed into commercial products.
		Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a mature field based on physical discoveries of half a century ago, but it has become so important in the sciences and medicine that there's a continuing imperative to train scientists in its principles.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/phys/seminar/seminar.fall04.html (851 words)

	Physics Career Profiles, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Following is a sample of people with physics degrees and the careers that they have pursued.
		As a Noise Engineer, I study how the physics of noise affects the passengers inside and the community outside the airplane.
		Copyright 2000-01 by the Department of Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
	www.physics.uiuc.edu /career_forum/aipprofiles.html (1095 words)

	General Quantum 1/f Noise Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hu and P.H. Handel: "Quantum 1/f Noise Is Quantum Chaos: Fractal Dimension of Quantum 1/f Noise", presented at APS Meeting, Indianapolis, Ind., March 1992.
		V.M. Agafonov and A.Y. Antohin: "1/f Noise from the "Universal" Dielectric Response", ibid., pp 155-157.
		P.H. Handel: ”The General Nature of Fundamental 1/f Noise in Oscillators and in the High-Technology dDomain” Invited paper, CNRS Thematic Spring School on Frequency Noise in Ocillators and Dynamics of Algebric Numbers, Chapelle Des Bois, France, M. Planat Editor, Published in pp.
	www.umsl.edu /~handel/QuantumBib.html (6366 words)

	Unsolved problems in physics - SmartyBrain Encyclopedia and Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is an incomplete list of outstanding problems in physics.
		Some of these problems are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining some observed phenomenon or experimental result.
		Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations : UPoN 2002: Third International Conference on Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations in Physics, Biology,...
	smartybrain.com /index.php/Unsolved_problems_in_physics (640 words)

	The History of Data Physics Corporation
		Data Physics was founded by two Alumni of Hewlett Packard in 1984.
		Data Physics has been supplying high performance solutions in signal processing to the noise and vibration community for the past 20 years.
		Data Physics products are delivered on a high performance hardware platform, designed and manufactured by Data Physics with Noise and Vibration applications in mind, the dedicated design guarantees the highest performance possible.
	www.dataphysics.com /about/history (337 words)

	Circada Noise - Physics Acoustics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Circada Noise - Physics Acoustics - Angelo Campanella
		Dear acoustikers: 17 years ago almost to the day, I happened to do some field noise monitoring (resident complaint about a nearby rifle range).
		I ended up with not much rifle noise, but a relitively complete record of pre-locust and locust noise.
	www.okka.biz /Circada_Noise-1529853-289-a.html (318 words)

	Noise barrier - Physics Acoustics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is not particularly helpful since we end up comparing our schemes to other consultants' schemes where perhaps they didn't recommend a barrier where perhaps we would have, or where we have a very cost-conscious client who wishes to absolutely minimize the use of barriers.
		The U.S. Federal Highway Department and U.S. Federal Transit Authority require noise mitigation if noise criteria are exceeded, but the builders can use sound insulation, noise barriers, berms, or other effective mitigation measures (although IME most mitigation measures consist of noise barriers for cost-effectiveness reasons).
		The U.S. Federal Highway Department and U.S. Federal Transit > Authority require noise mitigation if noise criteria are exceeded, but > the builders can use sound insulation, noise barriers, berms, or other > effective mitigation measures (although IME most mitigation measures > consist of noise barriers for cost-effectiveness reasons).
	www.okka.biz /Noise_barrier-1453537-289-a.html (270 words)

	Per Hyldgaard at teaching
		This spring, 2005, I teach second-year physics students at Chalmers experimental physics: noise in electronic measurements.
		The student projects on noise and electronic measurements, and corresponding projects on ultra-fast measurements, on frequency analysis, and on computer-guided experiments, define our experimental-physics electronics-measurement class Elmät-B organized by Per Hyldgaard.
		Finally, for your information only and not related to the present class, here are a set of research manuscripts to show you that noise can itself serve as an interesting physics probe.
	fy.chalmers.se /~hyldgaar/Teaching/ElmaetB (625 words)

	Curriculum Vitae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The quantum l/f noise effects are of fundamental nature because they assert that the elementary cross sections and process rates of physics, engineering, or chemistry and biology must fluctuate with a l/f spectral density.
		The theory has been verified in many ways: l/f noise was found experimentally to be caused by mobility fluctuations, not carrier concentration fluctuations, and the magnitude and temperature dependence was shown to agree with the measurements in submicron metal films and vacuum tubes.
		--"Temperature Response and Correlation of l/f Noise in Transistors" (with J. Kilmer, K.M. van Vliet and E.R. Chenette).
	www.umsl.edu /~handel/cv.htm (8537 words)

	Resume
		My thesis studied the thermal noise in interferometric gravity wave detectors, in particular the LIGO Project.
		This was the first time that an experiment attempted to measure the thermal noise in a mechanical system over a broad bandwidth and with such high sensitivity.
		Worked on understanding the thermal noise limits of the VIRGO interferometer both experimentally and theoretically.
	www.ligo-la.caltech.edu /~kovalik/ligores2.HTM (278 words)

	Physics News Update 612
		In the future, the authors speculate, noise-based devices, such as randomly vibrating shoe inserts, may enable people to overcome functional difficulties due to age- or disease-related sensory loss (Priplata et al., Physical Review Letters, upcoming).
		However, their work also raises problems for the two-liquid scenario by implying that rather than there being a single high density structure, a potentially large number of them might exist.
		The American Institute of Physics Bulletin of Physics News Number 612 November 6, 2002 by Phillip F. Schewe, Ben Stein, and James Riordon.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-11/aiop-pnu110602.php (860 words)

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