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Nomenclature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nomenclature is a system of naming and categorizing objects in a given category. The names he coined for the last two categories were the start of present day botanical and zoological nomenclature, codified in the ICBN and ICZN. The Russian expression nomenklatura (like "nomenclature", the word derives from the Latin nomenclatura — "name-calling") refers to a system of government patronage used in many countries under Communist rule. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nomenclature   (236 words)

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature - Open Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The nomenclature code should not be confused with the scientific_classification of living things. Botanical nomenclature is independent of zoological and bacteriological nomenclature. The code calls for the material from which a taxon is described, and on which a taxon is based, to be deposited and preserved in a herbarium. open-encyclopedia.com /International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature   (205 words)

PhyloCode Preface   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Supraspecific names are often associated with clades under the rank-based codes, but because those names are operationally defined in terms of ranks and types, they often fail to retain their associations with particular clades. Under the rank-based codes, it is often difficult to name clades one at a time, similar to the way that new species are named, because the name of a taxon is affected by the taxon¹s rank, which in turn depends on the ranks of more and less inclusive taxa. An initial draft of the code prepared by Cantino and de Queiroz was provided to the workshop participants in advance and was considerably revised by Cantino and de Queiroz as a result of decisions made at the meeting. www.ohiou.edu /phylocode/preface.html   (3855 words)

Principles of nomenclature of zoological taxa   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Codes vary in how priority principle is applied and in defining sets of names among which the oldest one should be chosen. This nomenclature is of no practical use, since no criteria of name availability have been formulated (about the importance of availability criteria see I.3.1.1), and it is hard to imagine what such criteria might be. Phylogenetic nomenclature as suggested by some authors (not cited here because of their poor knowledge of nomenclatural principles) violates the ICZN: phylogenetic nomenclature takes family names generated according to the ICZN rules of ranking nomenclature (see I.3.3.1 below) are use them under entirely different set of rules. www.bio.pu.ru /win/entomol/KLUGE/zoo-name.htm   (12154 words)

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code) - Untitled The Code may be modified only by action of a plenary session of an International Botanical Congress on a resolution moved by the Nomenclature Section of that Congress1. Its officers are: (1) the president of the Nomenclature Section, elected by the organizing committee of the International Botanical Congress in question; (2) the recorder, appointed by the same organizing committee; (3) the rapporteur-général, elected by the previous Congress; (4) the vice-rapporteur, elected by the organizing committee on the proposal of the rapporteur-général. The voting on nomenclature proposals is of two kinds: (a) a preliminary guiding mail vote and (b) a final and binding vote at the Nomenclature Section of the International Botanical Congress. www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/code/Modif.htm   (424 words)

Draft BioCode: the prospective international rules for the scientific names of organisms   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The nomenclature of cultivated plants follows the provisions of this Code, in so far as these provisions are applicable, but the naming of distinguishable groups of plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to the intentional actions of mankind follow the supplementary provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. Principle IV The nomenclature of a taxon is based upon precedence of publication, although application of this principle is not mandatory at all ranks. In publications dealing with the taxonomy and nomenclature of organisms, it may be necessary, for accurate and complete indication of the name of a taxon, to cite the name of the author(s) who established the name concerned and the date of its establishment. www.rom.on.ca /biodiversity/biocode/biocode.html   (8026 words)

How animals are given scientific names   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Although there are quite a few similarities between the codes, there are also considerable differences and it is beyond the scope of this handout to compare the Zoological Code with the other two in any detail. Hugh Strickland presented a Code of nomenclature to the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Charles Darwin was on its committee). The other ranks are not controlled by the code so at these ranks you can choose the names you like (zoologists, with a few exceptions, try to coordinate as much as possible so that there is a minimum of chaos). www.museums.org.za /bio/animal_nomenclature.htm   (3011 words)

Intro and Background I apologize to workers in other groups (especially because the fungi are not plants), but the nomenclature which governs fungi is the same as that for plants, and the examples hold true throughout. Prior to 1751, there was no code of nomenclature to either accept or reject. The AAAS Botanical Club met in Philadelphia in 1904, and adopted the renegade "American Code of Botanical Nomenclature" which deviated from the older, general Laws in: 1) priority was to start in 1753, not any other date; and 2) every taxon was to be based on a "type," which was invariably linked to that name. fp.bio.utk.edu /mycology/Nomenclature/nom-intro.htm   (1738 words)

A short history of the Bacteriological Code - P. H. A. Sneath   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) and the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria are responsible for the naming of prokaryotes, including both eubacteria and archaebacteria or archaea. Type cultures are not permitted under the Botanical Code; therefore, at the First International Congress of Microbiology in Paris in 1930, proposals were made for bacteriology to establish its own Code of Nomenclature. A number of moves have been made to unify the nomenclature of plants, animals and bacteria, and it is hoped that, in the future, there will be progress on these lines, especially to introduce registration of all names and avoidance of synonyms in different areas of biology. www.the-icsp.org /Code_history.htm   (758 words)

Cultivar Corner - ICNCP - It all started in 1952 or did it? His code of horticultural nomenclature was thus never ratified, although most of its provisions have since become general procedure. To prepare the ground for the nomenclature meetings of 1952 a joint meeting of the London Committee and the Stockholm Committee took place at The Royal Horticultural Society's Offices, London, on November 22-24, 1951, in the same manner that the symposium on nomenclature at Utrecht in 1948 preceded the Botanical Congress at Stockholm in 1950. The full text of the revised Code, prepared by the secretary (Stearn) as editor, was circulated early in October 1952 to all members of the joint Committee, including those unable to attend the Congress. www.bsi.org /brom_info/cultivar/ICNCP.html   (3157 words)

Definitions and abbreviations However, nomenclature is a vital component of systematic bacteriology and it is neither esoteric nor absurd. The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria) is an official publication of the ¤ International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (formerly the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology) [Article 12 of the Statutes of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology]. Publishing the ¤ Bacteriological Code, and the ¤ International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (formerly the ¤ International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology) and approving the recommendations and opinions of the ¤ Judicial Commission are some of the responsibilities of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes [Statutes of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology]. www.bacterio.cict.fr /foreword.html   (11744 words)

Biological Nomenclature - McNeill: The BioCode: Integrated bionomenclature for the 21st century? Biological nomenclature, the principles and procedures governing the scientific names of organisms (animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, etc.) and also of viruses, is vital for all scientific communication. Anyone who has used our existing codes to try to determine the application of many of the old and little used names published in eighteenth and early nineteenth century literature will recognize how time-consuming a thorough nomenclatural investigation under the terms of the existing codes must be. In the light of these nomenclatural problems that are particularly serious for protists, some have suggested a new and separate code of nomenclature for protists (see Corliss [1993] for references). www.life.umd.edu /emeritus/reveal/pbio/nomcl/mcne.html   (3128 words)

[No title] A major part of the new WRF code, documentation (both in-code and offline) is not complete. Please understand that we did not want to spend lots of time documenting code that would likely be discarded later, and we wanted to get this initial prototype design out to everyone as soon as we could. Code state This flags the registry entry as an element of the state data table. www.mmm.ucar.edu /mp/WRF/README.html   (4594 words)

Botanical Nomenclature This Code is revised every 6 years, but the goals of all the revisions are always to achieve stability in scientific nomenclature and or to clarify problems. The fact that the Code assumes the existence of species and a hierarchical structure does not mean that that the assumptions are correct, merely that, in naming plants (and the zoological code is similar in this regard), one must act as if species are real and nature is hierarchical. The most recent edition of the Code recommends that all scientific names, no matter what their rank, be in a different font from the rest of the text. herbarium.usu.edu /teaching/4420/botnom.htm   (4518 words)

ADA.org: Dental Topics: Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature Accurate recording and reporting dental treatment is supported by a set of codes that: 1) have a standard format, 2) are at the appropriate level of specificity 3) can be applied uniformly, and 4) are used to report dental procedures provided under public and private dental insurance benefit plans. The Code is also used on dental claims submitted on paper, and the ADA maintains a paper claim form whose data content reflects the HIPAA standard electronic dental claim. The Code is periodically reviewed and revised to reflect the dynamic changes in dental procedures that are recognized by organized dentistry and the dental community as a whole. www.ada.org /prof/resources/topics/cdt/index.asp   (451 words)

Orchid Nomenclature The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (I.C.B.N.), which is regulated by the Nomenclature Section of an International Botanical Congress, and The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (I.C.N.C.P.), which is regulated by the International Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants. The current edition of the I.C.B.N. is the Tokyo edition, revised in accordance with decisions of the XV International Botanical Congress held in Yokohama 1993 and published in 1994. www.notsogreenthumb.org /orchids/nomenclature/nomenclature.htm   (641 words)

List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Bacteriological Code) contains General Considerations, Principles, Rules and Recommendations which govern the way in which the names of bacteria are to be used (see: Definitions and abbreviations). The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision) is the cornerstone of bacterial nomenclature. The names which are to be used are those which are correct in the opinion of the bacteriologist (especially a combinatio nova or a nomen novum) and a particular name does not have to be adopted in all circumstances; it is possible for two or more validly published names to remain in use. www.nbii.gov /metadata/mdata/htmlfiles/tax_d_bacterialist.html   (1854 words)

Garden Botany Members of this community meet every six years to discuss changes to the published code of botanical nomenclature. The latest edition of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants was published in 1995. The code is enforced only by the free assent of the users. www.bbg.org /gar2/topics/botany/names_rules.html   (843 words)

Nomenclatural Glossary for Zoology - Thomson Scientific The duties and operation of the Commission are regulated by the Code (qv), and the powers and duties of the Commission are authorized by the International Zoological Congresses (qv). A nomen nudum is not an available name, and therefore the same name may be made available later for the same or a different concept; in such a case it would take authorship and date [Articles 50, 21] from that act of establishment, not from any earlier publication as a nomen nudum. If strict application of the rules of the Code threaten stability in an individual case then application of those rules may be suspended by the Commission (qv) under its Plenary Powers (qv). scientific.thomson.com /support/products/zr/zoological-glossary   (7319 words)

Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature In botanical nomenclature, the authors are given in taxonomic monographs, and if a name is changed, both the original author (in parentheses) and the revising author are named. There is also a separate International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes governed by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP). The Code recommends that if a species is named after a person, the person should in some way be connected with it. home.earthlink.net /~misaak/taxonomy.html   (1303 words)

THE INTERNATIONAL CODE OF NOMENCLATURE OF CULTIVATED PLANTS - PRESENT AND FUTURE AIMS AND REQUIREMENTS The Botanical Code similarly lacks legal status but a majority of taxonomists abide by its rules recognizing the vital importance to the profession of providing a uniform approach to nomenclature, coloured slightly perhaps by the taxonomic stigma attached to those who dare to ignore its dictates. Some of us may chaff at the inflexibility of its provisions and apparent lack of clarity when we attempt to interpret certain of the rules but it is now internationally accepted and, equally important, implemented. Encouragingly its use is steadily increasing but there are still major sections of the three disciplines of agriculture, horticulture and silviculture where it is not known or, if it is known, it is not used. www.actahort.org /books/182/182_2.htm   (389 words)

Royal Horticultural Society - Research: Horticultural Themes - Plant naming The application of scientific names to plants is governed by a single set of rules, accepted and followed throughout the world, and periodically revised and updated. This is the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, and it governs the naming of cultivars and cultivar-groups. Like the botanical code, this is periodically revised and the current edition dates from 1995; it is not at present available online. www.rhs.org.uk /research/horticultural_themes/plantname.asp   (523 words)

Bacterial Nomenclature Up-to-date Queries relating to nomenclature or taxonomic interpretation may be addressed to Brian J. Tindall. The naming of bacteria is controlled by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Lapage et al., 1992). BACTERIAL NOMENCLATURE UP-TO-DATE is a compilation of all bacterial names which have been validly published since January 1 1980 and nomenclatural changes which have been validly published since. www.dsmz.de /bactnom/bactname.htm   (573 words)

Introduction The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Bacteriological Code) contains General Considerations, Principles, Rules and Recommendations which govern the way in which the names of prokaryotes are to be used. The International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision) is the cornerstone of prokaryotic nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. www.bacterio.cict.fr /introduction.html   (1033 words)

Profile - Piers Trehane   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) When we met in person in Denver in April of 2001, I was astounded by his depth of knowledge of the naming of plants, botanical nomenclature, and came to realize that he is THE authority on nomenclature in the world today. A popular lecturer worldwide, Piers is well known for his informal and witty style which makes the complex field of horticultural nomenclature not just understandable to the lay person but enjoyable as well. It is this "trivial name" concept that denotes Linnaean nomenclature used by the botanical and zoological community ever since. www.victoria-adventure.org /more_than_links/piers_trehane.html   (1269 words)

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) The rules in the Code determine what names are potentially valid for any taxon between and including the ranks of subspecies and superfamily. Its provisions can be waived or modified in their application to a particular case when strict adherence would cause confusion; however, this must never be done by an individual but only by the Commission, acting on behalf of all zoologists. Official texts of the Code in several languages have been authorised by the Commission, and all (including English and French) are equal in authority. www.iczn.org /code.htm   (443 words)

WTO | dispute settlement - the disputes - DS286 Brazil submits that Regulation No. 1223/2002 automatically forces products that were previously imported under CN code 0210.99.39, and subject to an ad valorem tariff rate of 15,4%, to be classified under CN code 0207.14.10, and subject to a higher tariff rate of 102,4 €/100kg/net. This tariff rate of 102,4 €/100kg/net is in excess of the tariff rate for salted meat (CN code 0210) provided for in the EC’s Schedules under the GATT 1994. As a result of this measure, Brazil considered that its commerce has been accorded treatment less favourable than that provided in the EC Schedules, in contravention of the obligations of the EC under Articles II and XXVIII of the GATT 1994. www.wto.org /english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds286_e.htm   (683 words)

Biological Nomenclature BioCode -- A single code of nomenclature for all living things (4th draft, April 1997) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature -- Changes for the 4th edition Nomenclatural equivalences between the botanical and zoological codes (Adapted from the table in the darwin.eeb.uconn.edu /systsem/systsem.html   (267 words)

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