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Topic: Non sexist language

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	CONK! Encyclopedia: Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For example, the boundaries between named language groups are in effect arbitrary due to blending between populations (the dialect continuum).
		It is a compilation of various elements of different languages, and it is intended to be an easy-to-learn language.
		While the term animal languages is widely used, most researchers agree that they are not as complex or expressive as human language; a more accurate term is animal communication.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Language (1008 words)

	Talk:Gender-neutral language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I've replaced "sexist language" with "more traditional language," and I've made "gender neutral language" the first term used, as it is both a more neutral descriptive term (no so much embodied allegation or argument) and, at least judging from the number of Google hits, it appears to be the more common term.
		The "non-sexist language" article should remain, and it should: (1) list these 6 constructs that some people object to (2) link to all of them, as well as "gender-neutral language" and (3) make clear that not everyone agrees that such language is sexist.
		English is an inherently sexist language that is difficult to change in areas that are as subconscious as this.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Non-sexist_language (10761 words)

	Sexist Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The theory of "sexist language," however, is no credit to feminism, for it is deeply flawed both in its understanding of the nature of language and in its understanding of how languages change over time.
		Since the ideology that there is "sexist language" seeks, indeed, to change linguistic usage as part of the attempt to change society and forms of thought, the latter is particularly significant.
		Historically, if a language possesses a gender system and distinguishes between "he" and "she," then one or the other will also tend to be the common gender for when both genders are involved.
	www.mrbauld.com /sexism.html (2323 words)

	Guidelines for the Use of Non-sexist Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Language is not simply used to communicate ideas, but also to create an atmosphere which fosters effective communication between lecturers and students.
		Sexist language is language which, consciously or unconsciously, alienates female or male students, and may also hinder their learning.
		Nonsexist language, on the other hand, far from being a form of censorship, is a conscious choice on the part of staff to address and include the whole of their audience.
	www.otago.ac.nz /personnelservices/Policies/NonSexistLangGuide.html (1396 words)

	Non-Sexist Language Policy
		Language is sexist if it discriminates because of one's sex; reinforces the idea of one sex's superiority; or perpetuates sex and gender role stereotypes.
		Language that ignores, limits, or trivializes women and girls, and language that excludes or belittles women's values, perspectives, and experiences is sexist, as would be comparable language related to men and boys.
		Language that reinforces sexism can arise from imprecise word choices that may be interpreted as biased, discriminatory, or demeaning, even if they are not intended to be.
	www.umaine.edu /wic/both/language.htm (297 words)

	Language - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As with any complex, emergent concept, language is somewhat resistant to definition; however, most would agree that language is a system of communication or reasoning using representation along with metaphor and some manner of logical grammar.
		Many languages use gestures, sounds, symbols, or words, and aim at communicating concepts, ideas, meanings, and thoughts, though the problem of linguistic vagueness often rears its head when we try to distinguish between these things.
		While the term animal languages is widely used, most researchers agree that they are not as complex or expressive as the human language.
	www.iridis.com /Language (702 words)

	Canadian Broadcast Standards Council
		Non Sexist Language is language that does not exclude one sex or give inequitable treatment on the basis of gender.
		Sexist language is language that unnecessarily excludes one sex or gives unequal treatment to women and men.
		Examples of non sexist language are the use of occupational titles such as “fire fighter” instead of “fireman” and avoiding the exclusive use of masculine words in making general references, e.g.
	www.cbsc.ca /english/codes/sexrole/sexrole.htm (2517 words)

	The Writing Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
		Our language and society reflect one another, so it is important for us as communicators to recognize and respect change in the meaning and acceptability of words.
		Concern about the use of sexist language is part of our increased awareness that the perceived meanings of some words have changed in response to the changing roles of men and women in our society.
		Gender-fair language minimizes unnecessary concern about gender in your subject matter, allowing both you and your reader to focus on what people do rather than on which sex they happen to be.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/llc/writecenter/web/genderfair.html (846 words)

	Guidelines for the Use of Non-sexist Language
		Useful guidelines for the use of non-sexist language may be found in The Psychologist of February 1988 (in the Science Library).
		Research has refuted the belief that gender-specific terms are invariably interpreted by the reader as generic, and in particular, that the male form includes the female.
		Unfortunately, the basis for negative comparisons is usually established during the planning of the research, for example, by the choice of empirical measures.
	www.psych.qub.ac.uk /ug/guide/nonsexist.htm (447 words)

	Non-discriminatory language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sexist language is language which shows a bias towards one sex.
		Sexist language is most commonly used to favour men over women.
		The language in these examples is now considered to be sexist because it does not reflect the role and position of women in our society today.
	ceds.vu.edu.au /webbja/language2.htm (317 words)

	Non-sexist language - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Calling this type of language "non-sexist language" is a loaded term, as it implies that failure to use this type of language is automatically sexist.
		Some opponents of 'non-sexist language' argue that a change in language should evolve organically from changing public attitudes towards gender issues, rather than be achieved either by enforcement, or by persuasion.
		The situation of 'non-sexist' usage is very different in languages that have masculine and feminine grammatical gender, such as French, German, and Spanish, simply because it is impossible to construct a gender-neutral sentence the way it can be done in English.
	openproxy.ath.cx /no/Non-sexist_language.html (1832 words)

	Mouse Words: Non-sexist language is easier to understand
		Complaining about unwanted changes in the language is a delicate operation--one wrong note and you consign yourself to grumpy old fartitude, too hopelessly out of it to know your ass from your head.
		I know that everyone who complains about non-sexist language thinks that he is being daring and contrary in the face of monolithic feminist power, and I hate to burst that ego bubble, but there is nothing whatsoever daring about calling for a return to language that implies that women are only good for non-prestigious jobs.
		If you are arguing for clarity in language, like Smith claims to be doing, then it makes no sense to have a firm stance against changing words that assume that certain roles can only be filled by men to reflect that women now fill those roles.
	mousewords.blogspot.com /2004/10/non-sexist-language-is-easier-to.html (1640 words)

	UWO Philosophy: Guidelines for Non-Sexist Use of Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		‘Furniture' language is ubiquitous in the titles and descriptions of bureaucratic functions; we refer to ‘cabinets' and ‘bureaus', we ‘table' reports, and we can with equal felicity refer to the convener of a meeting or the head of a department as a ‘chair'.
		Finally, and perhaps most important, are the uses of language that reinforce sexist stereotypes which go beyond simple word choice, for instance, the consistent use of examples or illustrations that cast women and men in stereotypically feminine or masculine roles and/or which explicitly demean women in gender-specific terms.
		Frequently sexist language is an integral part of the philosophical discourse of historical figures and texts with which you will be concerned as a philosopher.
	www.uwo.ca /philosophy/special/guidelines.htm (1297 words)

	Against the Theory of "Sexist Language"
		Thus the American Philosophical Association offers "Guidelines for Non-Sexist Use of Language," which it says is, "A pamphlet outlining ways to modify language in order to eliminate gender-specific references" -- as though that is an unproblematic, rather than an Orwellian, goal.
		First of all, the theory of "sexist language" seems to say that words cannot have more than one meaning: if "man" and "he" in some usage mean males, then they cannot mean both males and females in other usage (i.e.
		In English, and most other languages with gender, that falls to "he," and the feminist argument is that this reflects patriarchal dominance and so sexism -- a hierarchy in which the masculine is more fundamental.
	www.friesian.com /language.htm (2938 words)

	Sexist Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the past few decades, at the prompting of women involved in the second wave of feminism in the 1960s and 1970s, the sexist assumptions built into traditional language use have begun to be questioned and challenged.
		Currently, it is unacceptable to use sexist language.
		Language is not something which happens apart from the culture, but rather something which both reflects it and reinforces it.
	web.nwe.ufl.edu /~sullivan/1101sexist.language.html (169 words)

	Guidelines For Non-Sexist Use of Language
		For several reasons we, as philosophers, should be particularly sensitive to the issue of nonsexist language--that is, language whose "use creates, constitutes, promotes, or exploits an unfair or irrelevant distinction between the sexes" (Mary Vetterling-Braggin, 1981, p.3).
		Some empirical data on sexist language indicate that if women are not specifically included (e.g., through using females in examples, or the term "he or she"), even genuinely gender-neutral prose (e.g., using plural pronouns) tends to be heard as referring to males only.
		Topics include: the definition of sexism and sexist language; the moral significance of using sexist language; the generic 'he' and 'man'; 'Ms.'; a comparison of sexist and racist language.
	www.engl.niu.edu /freshman_english/nonsexist.html (2685 words)

	ReadWriteThink: Lesson Plan
		As we use language to communicate with one another, we also reveal much about the ways that we think and view; for what we know is revealed in the ways that we talk about the world around us.
		Turn to the way that language has shaped these assumptions, what the choice of "he" rather than "she" communicates about our ways of thinking about the world around us.
		Distribute information on the use of gender-fair language such as the Purdue OWL's handout on non-sexist language, or point students' attention to similar information in their texts.
	www.readwritethink.org /lessons/lesson_view.asp?id=201 (1162 words)

	ch.ch : the public administration on-line: Gender-sensitive language - non-sexist language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Language plays a key role in forming an individual's social identity.
		Acting on this fact, the authorities have resolved to encourage the use of non-sexist language as much as possible to take into account women's place, status and role in society.
		As for legislative and administrative language, the Confederation and many cantons and communes have already adopted directives to impose equal treatment of women and men in language.
	www.ch.ch /urn:ch:en:ch:ch.02.12.03.13:01 (173 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The practice of assigning masculine gender to neutral terms comes from the fact that every language reflects the prejudices of the society in which it evolved, and English evolved through most of its history in a male-centered, patriarchal society.
		In the language used in acts of Parliament, the new law said, "words importing the masculine gender shall be deemed and taken to include females." Although similar language in contracts and other legal documents subsequently helped reinforce this grammatical edict in all English-speaking countries, it was often conveniently ignored.
		If you anticipate working within any of these contexts, you will need to be able to express yourself according to their guidelines, and if you wish to write or speak convincingly to people who are influenced by the conventions of these contexts, you need to be conscious of their expectations.
	www.english.upenn.edu /~cjacobso/gender.html (1391 words)

	Non-sexist language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Non-sexist language (gender-generic, gender-inclusive, gender-neutral, or sex-neutral language) is language that attempts to refer neither to male nor female when discussing an abstract or hypothetical person whose sex cannot otherwise be determined, as opposed to sexist language, which attempts to refer to males.
		However, many terms advocated or proposed by advocates of non-sexist language, such as Ms., firefighter, or he or she, have entered the common lexicon (in some cases, before advocacy of non-sexist language began), and may be used by those who do not have any particular feeling about the subject.
		However, in written language there is a distinction between the three, and the female-only form of the pronoun "ta", written with the radical for 'female', but pronounced the same as the neutral "ta" in speech.
	members.aol.com /psybt/rsc/cog/lang/langd/nonsex_many_lang.html (4251 words)

	Non-sexist language
		Surely with the English language so living and wonderful it can invent new non-sexist words that do not spoil English style by circumlocutions and censorships.
		The solution to sexist language is new words for human males-and-females - not seventeen pages in Style Manuals that change hundreds of old words into phrases or plaster-words of Circumspeak, and whip up backlashes against feminism.
		English is the international language of the world,used by more than 600 million people.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~ozideas/consex.html (534 words)

	Guidelines to Avoiding Sexist Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sexist language is language that treats both sexes unfairly.
		It assumes, for example, that when a person's sex is unknown, the normal way to refer to that hypothetical person is as a man rather than a woman.
		This is insulting to a majority of the population (At any given time, the world's population is roughly 51% female and 49% male.) Language is also sexist when it assumes certain stereotypes about men and women.
	www.lsu.edu /faculty/jpullia/sexlang.htm (375 words)

	LINGUIST List 3.740: Non-Sexist language
		And yes, if the majority of the respondents had identified the 'dog' as male, it would be a sexist ad.
		Given this cultural context, and the common (and for some speakers most typical) metaphorical reading of 'unattractive woman' for 'dog', it seems obvious to me that a good working hypothesis is that that is the reading that the advertiser intended, and that it is a sexist ad.
		The interpretation I would draw from seeing this billboard is that you can only date unattractive women unless you have a fancy car to impress women with.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/3/3-740.html (643 words)

	Sexist Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In writing, avoid language that either favors the male noun or pronoun or excludes females.
		Revise the following paragraph so that non-sexist language is used consistently.
		The study of failure clearly promises to breed success, at least for future businessmen now enrolled in business schools.
	www.dmacc.cc.ia.us /instructors/wwzhang/Handout17.htm (332 words)

	Anti-Sexist Language
		These guidelines are intended to assist members of our Women's Studies classes in avoiding sexist language by sensitizing people to some of the forms it takes and by suggesting anti-sexist alternatives.
		Sexist language, apart from being offensive, may also mislead the reader, since it is frequently ambiguous.
		Such careful, anti-sexist use of language helps in avoiding the mistake of referring to, e.g., 'managers and their wives'.
	www.ucc.uconn.edu /~wwwwmst/language.html (581 words)

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