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Topic: Nongonococcal urethritis

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	Non-gonococcal urethritis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is an inflammation of the urethra which is not caused by gonorrheal infection.
		Urethritis can be caused by a number of organisms, including Neisseria gonorrheae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes simplex virus, and Candida albicans, and by a number of non-infectious causes, including urethral stricture, foreign bodies, trauma, Reiter's syndrome, and various autoimmune and allergic conditions.
		Thus, one of the major causes of urethritis can be identified by a simple common test, and the distinction between gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis arose historically for this reason.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nongonococcal_urethritis (385 words)

	* Nongonococcal urethritis - (Sexuality): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nongonococcal Urethritis: Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease that is characterized as an inflammation of the urethra in males...
		Nongonococcal urethritis (or NGU) is a treatable bacterial infection of the urethra (the tube within the penis) often times associated with chlamydia.
		Nongonococcal urethritis is diagnosed if a person with urethritis has no signs of gonorrhea bacteria on laboratory tests.
	www.bestknows.com /sexuality/nongonococcal_urethritis.html (141 words)

	Nongonococcal Urethritis
		Urethritis is any inflammation of your urethra (the tube that carries urine and semen through your penis).
		Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is any infection of your urethra caused by an organism other than gonorrhea and accounts for approximately two-thirds of the cases.
		Urethritis is rare in women because your urethra is so short (you can figure out why).
	www.gayhealth.com /iowa-robot/common/condition.html?record=38 (1129 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Reporting requirements for nongonococcal urethritis vary by state, and physicians should be familiar with the laws for their own area.
		Traditionally, patients have been diagnosed as having nongonococcal urethritis if there is a documented urethral discharge with greater than four polymorphonuclear leukocytes per oil-immersion field, a Gram's stain which is negative for gram-negative diplococci, and a negative culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
		However, in patients with nongonococcal urethritis, those who have persistent polymorphonuclear cells with no positive cultures should not necessarily be treated, as there is little benefit from further therapy after two courses of antibiotics with documented culture-negative discharge.
	www.familypractice.com /references/ABFPGuides/Urethral/urethral.htm (4396 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 97
		Urethritis (inflammatory disease of the urethra) is characterized by urethral discharge (Table 97-1).
		Discharge and dysuria are seen in 70 percent of patients with gonococcal urethritis, whereas patients with nongonococcal urethritis are more likely to have one or the other of these symptoms but not both.
		The etiology of chlamydia-negative nongonococcal urethritis is uncertain.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch097.htm (4986 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: United States Naval Flight Surgeon Manual: Third Edition 1991: Chapter 11: Sexually Transmitted ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is the preferred term, rather than the obsolete "nonspecific urethritis" (NSU).
		Approximately 70 percent and 36 percent, respectively, of female sex partners of men with confirmed chlamydia urethritis or confirmed gonococcal urethritis have chlamydia isolated from the endocervical tract.
		All urethritis patients should be evaluated with an urethral gram stain and culture for gonorrhea.
	www.vnh.org /FSManual/11/03Nongonococcal.html (2075 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: General Medical Officer Manual: Clinical Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Urethritis is classified as either gonococcal urethritis (GCU) if caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or as nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) if caused by other infectious etiologies.
		Postgonococcal urethritis (PGU) is nongonococcal urethritis occurring shortly after therapy for urethral gonorrhea and is usually due to Chlamydia trachomatis.
		Non-gonococcal urethritis may be asymptomatic in up to 25 percent of infected men (5-10 percent in young active duty men), and in over 50 percent of infected women.
	www.vnh.org /GMO/ClinicalSection/105Urethritis.html (1210 words)

	Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis was based on the presence of at least two of the following criteria: subject-reported urethral discharge or dysuria, presence of a purulent urethral discharge on exam, or a urethral Gram-stained smear that showed at least five polymorphonuclear leukocytes per 1000X oil immersion field for at least three fields.
		Uncircumcised status was not associated with nongonococcal urethritis, genital herpes, or urethral infection with C. trachomatis.
		In addition, the ratio of nongonococcal urethritis cases to gonorrhea cases was much lower than that typically observed in sexually transmitted disease clinic populations.
	www.cirp.org /library/disease/STD/cook1 (3520 words)

	eMedicine - Urethritis : Article by Martha K Terris, MD, FACS
		Background: Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra caused by infection.
		Infectious causes of urethritis are typically sexually transmitted and categorized as either GU (ie, due to infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae) or NGU (ie, due to infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, or Trichomonas vaginalis).
		Urethritis occurs equally in males and females; however, data may be skewed because urethritis is underrecognized in women.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2342.htm (3721 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 164, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The sexually transmitted organisms causing most cases of cervicitis in women and of urethritis, proctitis, and pharyngitis in both sexes have been identified.
		Thus, terms previously used to describe the nongonococcal forms of these infections, eg, nonspecific urethritis and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), are inexact.
		In men, symptoms of urethritis generally appear between 7 and 28 days after intercourse, usually with mild dysuria and discomfort in the urethra and a clear to mucopurulent discharge.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section13/chapter164/164c.jsp (718 words)

	Best Practice of Medicine -Urethritis - Print Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Symptoms of urethritis are common presenting complaints in patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), but some patients with infectious forms of urethritis are asymptomatic, and some patients with symptomatic urethritis have noninfectious causes (e.g., atrophic urethritis in elderly women, foreign bodies, soaps, catheters, etc.) [1].
		Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is more common than gonococcal urethritis in primary-care settings, and the incidence of nonchlamydial NGU is rising.
		Men with positive microscopic urethritis but no signs or symptoms after retreatment can be reassured that their condition is not known to cause complications for them or their sexual partners [13], and that persistent infection is unlikely [3].
	merck.micromedex.com /index.asp?page=bpm_viewall&article_id=BPM01ID04&show_banner=no (8378 words)

	UCSB's SexInfo - Nongonococcal Urethritis
		Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease that is characterized as an inflammation of the urethra in males.
		Some common symptoms of nongonococcal urethritis are burning sensations during urination and a discharge from the end of the penis.
		Even if the symptoms of nongonococcal urethritis disappear after a couple of months, it is possible for the disease to still be present, so treatment should be sought.
	www.soc.ucsb.edu /sexinfo?article=stds&refid=009 (161 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Urethritis may be overdiagnosed in some men because of the persistence of symptoms after treatment or because of hypervigilance, even in the absence of inflammation (Martin).
		Some chronic cases of urethritis that are unresponsive to antibiotics may be associated with mechanical urethral problems, although this is rare (Krieger).
		It is observed in men with nongonococcal urethritis, in whom it occurs in great numbers.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/97710.011227&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3632 words)

	[No title]
		Urethritis is infection of the urethra, the channel that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
		Urethritis - Urethritis is infection and inflammation of the lining of the urethra, the narrow tube that carries urine out of the body and which, in men, also carries semen
		Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra that is usually caused by an infection.
	www.diseasedirectory.net /Urological_Disorders/Urethral/Urethritis/default.aspx (581 words)

	American Family Physician: Single-dose treatment of nongonococcal urethritis - adapted from the Journal of the American ...
		Most cases of nongonococcal urethritis, the most common sexually transmitted disease in men, are due to either Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum.
		For patients whose urethritis was due to U. urealyticum, the overall cure rates were 45 percent for the azithromycin group and 47 percent for the doxycycline group.
		The authors conclude that a single dose of azithromycin is as effective as the traditional seven-day regimen of doxycycline in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n6_v52/ai_17558734 (594 words)

	NNPTC: Core Training Programs: STD Clinical Training (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Urethritis occurs in 15-30% of men with primary HSV infection and in much fewer with recurrent HSV.
		Patients with persistent or recurrent urethritis should be re-treated with the initial regimen if they failed to comply with the treatment regimen or if they were re-exposed to an untreated sex partner.
		Re-examine and establish objective evidence of urethritis by urethral smear and culture for GC and CT.
	depts.washington.edu /nnptc/core_training/clinical/clinical_curriculum/urethritis.html (809 words)

	Urethritis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Urethritis occurs when the urethra gets infected and inflamed.
		While females get urethritis too, it seems to be more common in males when it's not also part of a urinary tract infection.
		Here is a lab dude who you might see one day if they were also doing more tests on your urine or blood if your urethritis was recurring or your health care provider was concerned about another condition.
	www.coolnurse.com /urethritis.htm (557 words)

	Summary Mena et al. Mycoplasma genitalium infections in..Articles for review.Literature review.Sexually Transmitted ...
		Urethritis was diagnosed if the patient experienced discharge, dysuria, or penile irritation and if there were greater than 3 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) per oil-power microscopic field in a urethral smear.
		Control subjects were 184 men not reporting symptoms of urethritis, who were attending the same clinic for reasons including contact with women who had STDs (44%), for a screening examination (45%), or for symptoms of other STDs (12%).
		Seventy-four (76%) of 97 men with urethritis were infected with at least one organism, several were infected with more than one.
	www.who.int /std_diagnostics/literature_reviews/Issue_3/issue3_sum_Mena_16.htm (725 words)

	Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Part 1
		Urethritis is caused by an infection characterized by urethral discharge of mucopurulent or purulent material and sometimes by dysuria or urethral pruritis.
		Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is the most frequent cause of urethritis in heterosexual men.
		A history of urethral discharge, pain on urination and itch in the meatal region, or by a history of a genital infection in a male or female partner.
	www.kcom.edu /faculty/chamberlain/Website/lectures/lecture/stdb.htm (3062 words)

	Mycoplasma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It and its close cousin the Ureaplasma are the cause of a number of common diseases ranging from pneumonia to venereally associated urethritis.
		Among men with urethritis, the sensitivities of PCR of urine and swab specimens for the detection of M. genitalium were 87% and 91%, respectively.
		M. genitalium is associated with nongonococcal urethritis in this population.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com:16080 /diseases/mycoplasma.htm (3561 words)

	eMedicine - Urethritis, Male : Article by Walter Elrod, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Infectious causes of urethritis are typically sexually transmitted and categorized as gonococcal urethritis (GCU), due to infections of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), which follows infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, or Trichomonas vaginalis.
		Rare infectious causes of urethritis include lymphogranuloma venereum, herpes genitalis, syphilis, mycobacterium, and typical bacteria (usually gram-negative rods) associated with cystitis in the presence of urethral stricture.
		Urinalysis is not useful in urethritis, except for excluding cystitis or pyelonephritis, which may be necessary in cases of dysuria without discharge.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic623.htm (2879 words)

	Case 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Postgonococcal urethritis refers to the clinical syndrome in which symptoms recur after treatment for gonorrhea.
		Nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, proctitis, epididymitis, inclusion conjunctivitis in newborns, infant pneumonia syndrome.
		In pregnant women and infants, erythromycin is used because of tooth staining of the fetus or infant with tetracycline.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/mech/cases/case21/selfeval1.htm (322 words)

	healthyNJ--Information for Healthy Living--STD's
		Nongonococcal urethritis and chlamydial cervicitis are sexually transmitted diseases caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and various other microorganisms that produce inflammation of the urethra and cervix.
		In the past, these microorganisms were hard for laboratories to identify, so the infections they caused were simply called "nongonococcal" to indicate that they were not caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium that causes gonorrhea.
		The diagnosis of nongonococcal infections is often presumed if the person has characteristic symptoms and no evidence of gonorrhea.
	www.healthynj.org /dis-con/std/diseases/nongon.htm (678 words)

	Nongonococcal urethritis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The disease is communicable from the time of first infection until the patient is cured.
		Nongonococcal urethritis is diagnosed by excluding other causes, since inflammation that is not caused by gonorrhea is classified as NGU.
		About half of the cases of nongonococcal urethritis are due to chlamydia.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/nongonococcal_urethritis.jsp (711 words)

	Minocycline Compared with Doxycycline in the Treatment of Nongonococcal Urethritis and Mucopurulent Cervicitis -- ...
		Nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis are the most prevalent
		Therapy for nongonococcal urethritis: double-blind randomized comparison of two doses and two durations of minocycline.
		Minocycline in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis: its effect on Chlamydia trachomatis.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/119/1/16 (3591 words)

	7.04 Urethritis (Drip) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A copious, thick, yellow- green discharge which stains underwear is characteristic of gonorrhea, whereas a thin, white, scant discharge with milder symptoms is characteristic of chlamydia.
		Urethritis in a female may be asymptomatic or indistinguishable from cystitis or vaginitis, or may be manifest as UTI symptoms with a low concentration of bacteria on urine culture, or tenderness localized to the anterior vaginal wall.
		If there is no sign of gonorrhea or trichomonas causing the urethritis, assume the infection is caused by chlamydia or ureaplasma, best treated with doxycycline 100mg bid for 7 days, or azithromycin 1000mg po once.
	www.ncemi.org /cse/cse0704.htm (394 words)

	Circumcision as a Risk Factor for Urethritis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Those subjects with GCU who had post-gonococcal urethritis (four or more PMNs/HPF in the absence of GNID, with a negative modified Thayer-Martin urethral culture test-of-cure) after adequate treatment were given the additional diagnosis of NGU.
		A subject with GCU who was diagnosed after treatment as having post-gonococcal urethritis secondary to NGU was coded as one incident case of GCU and NGU.
		McCutchan JA: Epidemiology of venereal urethritis: Comparison of gonorrhea and nongonococcal urethritis: Rev Infect Dis 1984; 6:669-688.
	www.cirp.org /library/disease/STD/smith (2045 words)

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