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Topic: Nonstandard cosmology

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	Non-standard cosmology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Non-standard cosmologies are usually not considered by physicists, because the essentials of the big bang theory have been confirmed by a wide enough range of complementary observations that they believe there is little chance of the theory being replaced in its essentials.
		In the standard cosmology, the clouds of neutral hydrogen between the quasar and the earth at different redshifts spikes between the quasar redshift and the rest frequency of Lyman alpha in a feature known as the Lyman-alpha forest.
		Self creation cosmology (SCC) theories are an adaptation of the Brans-Dicke theory in which the requirement of the conservation of energy-momentum is relaxed to allow the scalar field to interact with matter and create mass.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nonstandard_cosmologies (3745 words)

	[No title]
		Nonstandard set theory aims to axiomatize concepts and practices of concern to nonstandard analysts.
		Let Z be the set of all integers in a nonstandard* universe and let U be a cut (a cut is an infinite proper initial segment of all non-negative integers in *Z and closed under addition).
		In his 1962 paper "On languages which are based on non-standard arithmetic" Abraham Robinson initiated the study of semantics of languages obtained by replacing the natural numbers as a base in the formulation of logical syntax by a non-standard model of arithmetic.
	www.math.hawaii.edu /~ross/Infinitesimals/MAMLS/abstracts.htm (723 words)

	Why Steven Hawking's Cosmology Precludes a Creator
		Thus if quantum cosmology and theism are both true, it follows both that c(h/e and b) =.99 and that it is not the case that c(h/e and b) =.99.
		Quantum cosmology is false since it includes among its conditions e + b, and omits G. It is not the mere omission of G that renders quantum cosmology a false theory; it is the inclusion of probabilistically irrelevant conditions e and b as the conditions for h.
		Quantum cosmology is thus false for two reasons; it omits a relevant condition of p(h), and it includes only irrelevant conditions of p(h).
	www.philoonline.org /library/smith_1_1.htm (7770 words)

	Walter Russell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His depictions of universal laws was expansive enough to be considered a complete nonstandard cosmology.
		Russell’s periodic table has not however been adopted fully despite these discoveries, as it indeed defies a great deal of current scientific thought, primarily the nature of the evolution of matter and the unified wavelength principle which his table is based.
		Such conflicts have left the work of Russell somewhat in the category of obscurity as his cosmology, while complete in itself, would require upon its academic and scientific acceptance not only the upheaval of many scientific theories, but also matters such as the nature of God.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Walter_Russell (543 words)

	General relativity - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		General relativity forms the basis for modern studies in fields such as astronomy, cosmology and astrophysics.
		It describes with great accuracy and precision many phenomena where classical physics fails, such as the perihelion motion of planets (classical physics cannot fully account for the perihelion shift of Mercury, for example) and the bending of starlight by the Sun (again, classical physics can only account for half the experimentally observed bending).
		In so "correcting" a clock, of course, one tweaks it so as to be an imperfect or nonstandard clock from the standpoint of the equivalence principle.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/General_relativity (4203 words)

	John Dobson (astronomer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He spent 23 years in a monastery, after which he became more active in promoting astronomy, and his own brand of nonstandard cosmology.
		Dobson's own theory is not well accepted among the general scientific community, and his expression that the universe is apparitional rather than actual, with a tendency to expressing his ideas within a spiritual or metaphysical context, doesn’t set well with everyone.
		In Origins Dobson addresses the creation of life: “For a Big Bang cosmology, in which the early Universe was extremely hot, a discussion of the origin of life is of course appropriate, since life could not have been with us from the beginning.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Dobson_(astronomer) (1622 words)

	A U-Cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The technical aspects of this cosmology are based upon a theological interpretation of the mathematical model called the metamorphic-anamorphosis model (MA-model).
		This cosmology uses the theoretical science method called the method of "simplicity." This means that when two distinct descriptions or concepts lead to the same conclusion, then the conceptually more simplistic is used.
		The selection of a specific cosmology by an individual cannot be based upon the scientific method as used by the physical scientist due to the existence of the MA-model.
	www.rae.org /ucosmo.html (3601 words)

	Research / Creation Scientists / Robert Hermann - Institute for Creation Research
		Due to the apparent significance of the NSP-world model and nonstandard logic he intends to concentrate his efforts in the area of their application to scientific and philosophic problems while continuing to do a minor amount of research in analysis, standard logic and the modeling of philosophic structures.
		The transformation is an ideal transformation in that in the natural world the transformation is conceived of as occurring at an unknown moment in the evolution of a gravitationally collapsing spherical body with radius greater than but near to the Schwarzschild radius.
		Using properties of the nonstandard physical world, a new fundamental derivation for all of the effects of the Special Theory Relativity is given.
	www.icr.org /index.php?module=research&action=index&page=research_physci_hermann (4448 words)

	Atheism, Theism and Big Bang Cosmology
		But the part of big bang cosmology that shall be crucial to my atheistic argument is the conception of the nature of this singularity This conception is embodied in Hawking's principle of ignorance, which states that singularities are inherently chaotic and unpredictable.
		Given that the initial state posited by big bang cosmology is not one of these states, it follows that big bang cosmology is inconsistent with the hypothesis of divine creation.
		The theist may continue to accept big bang cosmology except that she adopts rules for the interpretation of this theory that forbid reality to the singularity.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/quentin_smith/cosmology.html (8480 words)

	NSPWORLD
		His research is in the broad division of mathematics known as mathematical logic, and more specifically what is called nonstandard analysis.
		The Nonstandard Physical World is a broad term describing both linguistic or thinking processes and physical processes in both the natural world we experience and in a world we do not experience.
		It presupposes only that the natural world exists and that for natural processes to be useful to mankind and science these processes must follow some simple logical procedures that are used in human language.
	creationanswers.net /astron/NSPWORLD.HTM (1013 words)

	Physics and Metaphysics - CTMU - Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe - Christopher Michael Langan
		The CTMU provides physics and cosmology with a logical framework that incorporates these missing ingredients in a way reflecting the nature of their involvement in measurement and theorization.
		So GR depends on a nonstandard universe as much as its predecessors, and is not as self-contained as the concept of intrinsic curvature might lead one to expect.
		The CTMU incorporates a conspansive extension of nonstandard analysis in which infinitesimal elements of the hyperreal numbers of NSA are interpreted as having internal structure, i.e.
	www.megafoundation.org /CTMU/Articles/Supernova.html (9875 words)

	A U-Cosmology
		The technical aspects of this cosmology are based upon a theological interpretation of the mathematical model called the metamorphic-anamorphosis model (MA-model), a submodel of the GGU-model.
		If a humanly constructed cosmology allows for "light" to exist, then the processes employed for this scenario are independent from such a cosmology.
		The selection of a specific and correct cosmology by an individual cannot be based upon the scientific method as used by the physical scientist due to the existence of the GGU-model.
	www.serve.com /herrmann/pp3.htm (10731 words)

	Do Creationists Publish in Notable Refereed Journals? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He also has instituted the new area of nonstandard logic relative to the nonstandard modeling of these classes of consequence operators.
		Moreover, the modeling procedures automatically generate the theory of subparticles and subparticle mechanisms that may satisfy the Wheeler requirements for the "substance" of which space itself is composed.
		Due to the apparent significance of the NSP- world model and nonstandard logic he intends to concentrate his efforts in the area of their application to scientific and philosophic problems while continuing to do a minor amount of research in analysis, standard logic and the modeling of philosophic structures.
	www.rae.org /crepub.html (2527 words)

	sciforums.com - Colour of the Universe?
		WASHINGTON (AP) -- The color of the universe is not an intriguing pale turquoise, as astronomers recently announced.
		The effect of the error was that the computer picked a nonstandard white from its electronic palette and mixed it with the other colors to come up with the turquoise.
		Recent reports show that the universe is some sort of beige colour (called Galatic Latte or something like that), while others still say it is green, or red.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=8791 (613 words)

	NS2002 - Schedule of talks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Nonstandard tree model for financial mathematics: beyond the continuous Black-Scholes approximation for vanilla and barrier options
		Nonstandard distribution theory: Robinson's approach versus Stroyan and Luxemburg's
		On nonstandard approach to model theory and its applications to semigroups and languages
	www.dm.unipi.it /cluster-pages/dinasso/Pisa2002/schedule (197 words)

	Citebase - Scaling solutions on a brane
		In the nonstandard brane regime when the brane is driven by energy density square term these solutions are rather different from their analogs in the standard cosmology.
		Its dynamical properties in the nonstandard brane regime are in some sense analogous to those of the exponential potential in the standard cosmology.
		Motivated by the recent interest in cosmologies arising from energy density modifications to the Friedmann equation, we analyse the scaling behaviour for a broad class of these cosmologies comprised of scalar fields and background barotropic fluid sources.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/0212104 (1395 words)

	Dr. Herrmann's Professional Biography
		Mathematically, general ultralogical processes are (1) objects that satisfy the standard and nonstandard consequence operator axioms and (2) the finite, hyperfinite, and general standard and nonstandard choice operators.
		Due to the apparent significance of such models as the GGU-model and nonstandard logic he intends to concentrate his efforts in the area of their application to scientific and philosophic problems.
		In this article, certain aspects of this model are discussed as well as experimental evidence that establishes as fact the model's prediction that a type of non-local instantaneous action-at-a-distance does occur in objective reality.
	www.serve.com /herrmann/biography.htm (6342 words)

	Simplifying the Technical Aspects . . .
		In these sciences, the belief that certain objects or processes exist in object reality is either a result of indirect verification or is based upon what is perceived to be as a better description for Natural-system behavior, a description that doesn't contradict certain philosophical presuppositions.
		A simple analysis shows that some of these nonstandard words have lengths that are greater than, in the usual sense, any standard word.
		After this, it's observed that there are nonstandard words that are members of the embedded general paradigm.
	www.serve.com /herrmann/pp4.htm (13251 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Some of these fields are expected to couple with nonstandard kinetic terms to other fields.
		In this paper, we study the splitting into adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations for a model with two scalar fields, one of which has a nonstandard kinetic term in the Einstein-frame action.
		The presence of a coupling through a nonstandard kinetic term induces a novel coupling between adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations which is nonvanishing when the potential for the matter fields is nonzero.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=20506406 (408 words)

	1
		In this background the thermodynamics of interacting particles determines the universe's physical history (cosmology).
		Standard cosmology has focused on the time frame required to develop its main observational predictions, the
		The remainder of the course will focus on extensions of the standard model, which try to explain later evolution (including contemporary and detailed observations) and earlier eras with nonstandard particle interactions.
	www.emory.edu /PHYSICS/Faculty/Benson/380-04/notes/1/1.html (942 words)

	The Stories of English by David Crystal
		This book, as stated in the preface, unlike many other books on the history of the English language, tries to include nonstandard English forms as well, and the author also claims that he is not emphasizing England (as opposed to the rest of the English-speaking world) as much as is traditional.
		As another reviewer has pointed out, he does not succeed very well in the latter goal, but in the rest of his goals he succeeds very well.
		I'm not very fond of his organization, where he has a chapter on the standard language followed by an "interlude" on nonstandard varieties, but at least he gets to cover both that way.
	www.brightsurf.com /item/1585676012/The_Stories_of_English.html (1178 words)

	Joint Particle Seminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		An ongoing revolution in physics is the rise of precision cosmology, which has provided convincing evidence for the existence of two new forms of energy, known as "Dark Energy" and "Dark Matter".
		In this talk I explain why neutrino oscillations are potentially a particularly sensitive probe of the physics of the dark sector.
		I describe how new physics could allow the neutrino mass to vary in a nonstandard manner, and describe a speculative link between neutrinos and dark energy.
	hep.ps.uci.edu /seminars/abstracts/052/050511.html (107 words)

	New Scientist Archive - Science - Science: Conservative cosmology
		Cosmologists are too conservative and should be more open to nonstandard ideas about the Universe, according to astronomer Robert Kurucz, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
		He says that the standard big bang model is based on a circular argument, and difficulties with that model stem from a failure to break out of the circle.
		In a paper submitted to the Astrophysical Journal, Kurucz says 'many problems that appear to be quite complex are, in fact, straightforward if we can find a simple way to approach them'.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg13117803.100.html (301 words)

	Citebase - Oscillatory Universes in Loop Quantum Cosmology and Initial Conditions for Inflation
		In cosmologies sourced by a massless scalar field, these effects lead to a universe that undergoes ever-repeating cycles of expansion and contraction.
		The presence of a self-interaction potential for the field breaks the symmetry of the cycles and can enable the oscillations to establish the initial conditions for successful slow-roll inflation, even when the field is initially at the minimum of its potential with a small kinetic energy.
		Modification to the behavior of geometrical density at short scales is a key result of loop quantum cosmology, responsible for an interesting phenomenology in the very early universe.
	www.citebase.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/0406042 (1178 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Toporensky, A. The shear dynamics in Bianchi I cosmological model on the brane with a perfect fluid (the equation of state is $p=(\gamma-1) \mu$) is studied.
		It is shown that for $1 < \gamma < 2$ the shear parameter has maximum at some moment during a transition period from nonstandard to standard cosmology.
		An exact formula for the matter density $\mu$ in the epoch of maximum shear parameter as a function of the equation of state is obtained.
	celestial.eprints.org /cgi-bin/oaia2/arXiv.org?verb=GetRecord&identifier=oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/0103093&metadataPrefix=oai_dc (102 words)

	Neutrino Mass
		All four solar neutrino experiments, Homestake [3], Kamiokande [4], SAGE [5], and GALLEX [6], observe a deficit of neutrinos compared to the standard solar model expectation [7], suggesting that there is either nonstandard astrophysics or new neutrino properties.
		However, the relative rates observed by Homestake and Kamiokande yield a simple measure of the distortion of the spectral shape, suggesting that most of the suppression is in the middle of the spectrum, i.e.
		Their rates are low compared to any reasonable solar model, standard or nonstandard, again suggesting the need for new neutrino properties.
	dept.physics.upenn.edu /~pgl/neutrino/sun-nu/node2.html (571 words)

	Archived Syllabi « Courses
		For this reason a number of modern subjects will be introduced through out the year to see how the basic ideas we will be studying can be applied to more exciting and exotic ideas.
		Three of the labs will be nonstandard physics labs.
		In a couple of them each group will be able to design their own experiment, carry it out, and analyze the results.
	www.phys.cwru.edu /courses/syllabi/index.php?section=2&page=5 (1565 words)

	books about: infinitesimals (infinitesimal-deformation crystallography) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Infinitesimal analysis, once a synonym for calculus, is now viewed as a technique for studying the properties of an arbitrary mathematical object by discriminating between its standard and nonstandard constituents.
		Resurrected by A. Robinson in the early 1960's with the epithet 'nonstandard', infinitesimal analysis not only has revived the methods of infinitely small and infinitely large quantities, which go back to the very beginning of...
		A Primer of Infinitesimal Analysis has become one of my prided favourites in a collection of books extending from all fields of mathematics; probability, measure theory, polytope theory, and quantum physics, cosmology, astronomy to...
	www.very-clever.com /books/infinitesimals (557 words)

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