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Topic: Nonpolar

	Nonpolar inactivation of the hypervariable streptococcal inhibitor of complement gene (sic) in serotype M1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nonpolar inactivation of the hypervariable streptococcal inhibitor of complement gene (sic) in serotype M1 Streptococcus pyogenes significantly decreases mouse mucosal colonization.
		Nonpolar inactivation of the hypervariable streptococcal inhibitor of complement gene (sic) in serotype M1 Streptococcus pyogenes significantly decreases mouse mucosal colonization.Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human pathogen that commonly infects the upper respiratory tract.
		To test this idea, a new nonpolar mutagenesis method employing a spectinomycin resistance cassette was used to inactivate the sic gene in an M1 GAS strain.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/2088270.html (151 words)

	Ballistically controlled nonpolar droplet dispensing method and apparatus - Patent 4341310
		To execute the dispensing process for one or more nonpolar droplets a low voltage pulse is applied to a charge repulsion ring located immediately downstream of the polar liquid capillary during the time when a corresponding number of polar droplets are formed.
		1, the nonpolar liquid droplet dispenser is indicated as 1 and the polar liquid droplet dispenser as 2.
		In operation, both polar and nonpolar liquids are flowed into the respective capillary nozzles 5a and 5b at approximately the same rate and made to collide at point 12 by coordinating the respective frequencies and by adjusting separate amplitude controls on the respective transducers.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4341310.html (2578 words)

	Nonpolar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nonpolar compounds, such as oil, are not soluble in water because of its (the water's) polarity.
		Many hydrocarbons, such as the continuous chain alkanes, are nonpolar due to their symmetrical polarity.
		No ionic compounds (with a few exceptions) and no polar molecules can dissolve in any nonpolar compounds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nonpolar (127 words)

	Glencoe Online Science Quiz Chapter
		Nonpolar solvents are useful for dissolving polar solutes.
		Nonpolar solvents are not useful because they do not form solutions with water.
		Nonpolar solvents are useful for dissolving nonpolar solutes.
	www.glencoe.com /qe/science.php?qi=348 (307 words)

	Nonpolar
		In chemistry, a nonpolar compound is one that does not have concentrations of positive or negative electric charge.
		Nonpolar compounds, such as oil, are not soluble in water.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/no/Nonpolar.html (48 words)

	CHEM111 - Polar vs Nonpolar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nonpolar bond = two of the same atoms come together, such as the diatomic molecule N
		To determine whether a molecule is polar or not, 1.
		Consider pure hydrocarbons to be essentially nonpolar since they are made up of basically nonpolar C-H bonds.
	gemini.tntech.edu /~snorthrup/chem111/polar.html (446 words)

	Paul E. Smith Grants
		As part of a continuing effort to understand the conformational preferences of small peptides in both pure water and water plus cosolvent, we have been developing a reduced description of peptide/protein interactions based on a potential of mean force (pmf) approach.
		Such an approach requires i) an accurate description of the assumed pairwise interactions between the various functional groups common in peptides and proteins, and ii) the inclusion of many body effects, such as the tendency for hydrophobic aggregation, which are difficult to model with simple pairwise interactions.
		The proposed research is aimed at understanding the interactions between benzene (a model nonpolar organic molecule) and both water and salt ions at the atomic level.
	www-personal.ksu.edu /~pesmith/grants.htm (1001 words)

	Characterization and identification of an adrenal age-related nonpolar fluorescent substance.
		The adrenal cortexes of humans and rodents accumulate lipofuscin with age, but the chemical nature of the substance that produces lipofuscin fluorescence in the gland is not known.
		In contrast, the nonpolar lipids of mouse adrenal tumor (Y1) cells, which contain no lipofuscin, did not display this fluorescence in the presence or absence of ACTH.
		Thus, we conclude that 1) the major nonpolar fluorescent substance accumulated in the rat adrenal with age is retinyl stearate, which may be a fluorophore of adrenal lipofuscin; 2) ACTH action may be related to this accumulation; and 3) the type of retinyl ester accumulated in aged animals is organ specific.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8641198.html (357 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This effect is due to electrostatic interactions, and is not a function of nonpolar surface area.
		At high ionic strength, the solubility is dominated by the ability of water to order around nonpolar surfaces, and more protein will precipitate as salt concentration is increased due to intermolecular association of nonpolar surface regions.
		The nonpolar surface area is much greater in the partially folded form, so as the salt concentration increases the folded form is highly favored.
	www.mbg.cornell.edu /nicholson/biobm631/water/solvent/problem2key.html (570 words)

	Toner for use in compositions for developing latent electrostatic images, method of making the same, and liquid ...
		C.; from 20 percent to 0.2 percent by weight in respect of the weight of said nonpolar liquid of ethylene copolymer resin particles, said resin particles being formed with a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; a pigment associated with said resin; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said polymer.
		C.; from 20 percent to 0.2 percent by weight in respect of the weight of said nonpolar liquid, toner particles comprising ethylene copolymer resin, said toner particles having a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; a pigment associated with said toner particles; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said polymer.
		This powder is then suspended in a nonpolar carrier liquid together with an alkylated polymer of a heterocyclic N-vinyl monomer to impart positive polarity to the resin-coated toner particle.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4794651.html (9885 words)

	Sep 9 Lecture
		Nonpolar molecules have a completely symmetrical charge distribution; there is no excess charge anywhere in the molecule.
		You can identify nonpolar molecules by their symmetry - they are completely symmetrical.
		For purposes of solubility, we will note that nonpolar molecules dissolve in nonpolar solvents and polar molecules dissolve in polar solvents ("like dissolves like").
	cas.bellarmine.edu /chem116a/lectures/sept9.htm (544 words)

	Chemistry : Chapter 9 : Identifying Intermolecular Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nonpolar covalent molecules have London or dispersion forces.
		Therefore polar molecules dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar molecules dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
		is a nonpolar molecule with a linear geometry and a nonpolar bond between the oxygen atoms.
	www.wwnorton.com /chemistry/concepts/chapter9/ch9_1.htm (2326 words)

	Small Molecules, Water, Buffers
		Nonpolar molecules come into contact with one another (coalesce) in aqueous solutions, not because of any intrinsic affinity for one another, but because clustering of nonpolar molecules allows more water molecules to achieve a more stable, H-bonded arrangement.
		The introduction of nonpolar molecules into water puts nonpolar molecules in the way of water molecules seeking to form H bonds with their neighbors.
		Nonpolar molecules form clusters within a common "cage" (hydrophobic interactions) so that the total number of water molecules taken up in forming "cages" is minimized (more water molecules are free to interact via mutual H-bonding).
	www.people.virginia.edu /~rjh9u/IntroBio/bio201/lectures/Lecture02.html (700 words)

	Re: separation of mixtures
		Nonpolar compounds interact through a different mechanism; but the result is that "Like dissolves like"--that is, polar dissolves polar and nonpolar dissolves nonpolar.
		If you know that the one you want is very nonpolar and most of the rest are polar, you can mix your mixture with water (polar) and toluene (nonpolar) in a separatory funnel.
		He washed the column with a nonpolar solvent and the nonpolar things came through the column faster than the polar things (which stick to clay because it is polar).
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/1998-10/907211616.Ch.r.html (1361 words)

	Break-out Group Tasks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Student A: The usual behavior of a nonpolar molecule can be described as hydrophobic or fear of water; due to the fact that a nonpolar molecule does not have a concentration of a charge whereas a polar molecule does.
		When a nonpolar molecule comes into contact with water, a polar molecule, the nonpolar molecule has a tendency to clump together or melt into each other, rather than react with the water.
		It is possible though to disperse nonpolar molecules in water by adding another type of molecule to the solution of water and nonpolar molecules.
	academic.wsc.edu /frc/breakout.htm (554 words)

	Electronegativity
		Electronegativity values are useful in determining if a bond is to be classified as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent or ionic.
		Nonpolar Covalent: This type of bond occurs when there is equal sharing (between the two atoms) of the electrons in the bond.
		Since the electronegativities of C and S are both 2.5, you have a nonpolar bond.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Bonding/Electroneg-Bond-Polarity.html (636 words)

	Structure and Functions of Simple Peptides at Water-Membrane Interfaces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Finally, a transition of an undecamer, composed entirely of leucine residues, from a disordered structure in water to an alpha-helix in a nonpolar phase representing the interior of the membrane was investigated.
		The dominant factor determining the interfacial structure of peptides is the hydrophobic effect, which is manifested at aqueous interfaces as a tendency for polar and nonpolar groups of the solute to segregate into the aqueous and nonpolar phases, respectively.
		The ability of nonpolar peptides to modify both their structure and orientation with changing external conditions may have provided a simple mechanism of transmitting signals from the environment to the interior of a protocell.
	exobiology.nasa.gov /ssx/biomod/peptides.html (657 words)

	Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Hydrated Protein Vectorially Oriented on Polar and Nonpolar Soft Surfaces -- ...
		cause the "upper" surface of the SAM to be nonpolar (hydrophobic).
		(by ~1% on a nonpolar SAM and 2% on a polar SAM).
		with the uncharged-polar surface and the nonpolar surface.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/83/6/2906 (6884 words)

	BC Online: 2F - Thermo. and IMFs in Protein Stability
		It's difficult to figure out whether they are since there are so many possible H bonds (between protein and water, water and water, and protein and protein), and their strength depends on their orientation and the dielectric constant of the medium in which they are located.
		At room temperature, water molecules surrounding the nonpolar residue are low in energy (lots of H bonds) and low in entropy (thermal and positional, fewer available microstates).
		The water is fully H-bonded (to itself, not to the nonpolar molecule) in a fashion analogous to ice but the geometry of the H bonds is nonideal.
	employees.csbsju.edu /hjakubowski/classes/ch331/protstructure/olhydrophobprot.html (8106 words)

	Lipid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term lipid comprises a diverse range of molecules and to some extent is a catchall for relatively water-insoluble or nonpolar compounds of biological origin, including waxes, fatty acids, fatty-acid derived phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids and terpenoids, such as retinoids and steroids.
		Generally, the bulk of their structure is nonpolar or hydrophobic ("water-fearing"), meaning that it does not interact well with polar solvents like water.
		However, when the nonpolar molecules separate out from the polar liquid, the entropy (state of disorder) of the polar molecules in the liquid increases.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/Lipid.htm (774 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		exhibit sufficient solubility in the nonpolar solvent such that phase transfer agents or surfactants are not required.
		The amount of nonpolar solvent employed is not critical to the subject invention and need only be that amount sufficient to provide the reaction medium with the particular metal concentration desired for a given process.
		In general, the amount of nonpolar solvent employed may range from about 5 percent by weight up to about 99 percent by weight or more based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/68250.010920&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6841 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The amount of nonpolar solvent employed in the reaction zone is not critical to the subject invention and need only be that amount sufficient to provide the reaction medium with the particular metal concentration desired for a given process.
		The amount of nonpolar solvent employed in the separation zone should be sufficiently controlled to obtain by phase separation two immiscible liquid phases depicted by regions 2,4 and 6 of Fig.
		Generally, the volume ratio of the polar or nonpolar solvent or extraction solution to the reaction product fluid may be changed within a range of from about 20: 1 to about 1: 20.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/68247.010920&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (9346 words)

	Re: WSN: hidrophobic/Van der Walls interactions energy... (fwd)
		First suppose only two monomers (polar and nonpolar) then change one monomer in such a way that you create one nonpolar interaction or a polar one.
		To think in a world of only to monomers is equal to average over all polar monomers and kinds of interaction and over all nonpolar monomers and kinds of interactions.
		The force on an atom or group is the gradient > of the free energy, that is, the change of the total free energy > as the group moves slightly along one of 3 directions.
	www.ibiblio.org /water/wsn-archive/msg00140.html (1037 words)

	Polar and Nonpolar Solvents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		O), a polar solvent; and vegetable oil, a nonpolar solvent -- are studied.
		Nonpolar substances tend to be soluble in nonpolar liquids.
		The phrase that "like dissolves like" means that polar substance tend to form solution with one another, and that nonpolar substances tend to form solutions with one another..
	dwb.unl.edu /Chemistry/MicroScale/MScale26.html (428 words)

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