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Topic: Nonrestrictive clause

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Relative pronoun

	nonrestrictive clause - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		- parenthetical relative clause: a relative clause that gives additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause but that is not essential to the understanding of the main clause.
		adjunct, affix, attributive, clause, conditional, conjugation, diphthong, indicative, infinitive, inflection, intransitive, modal, nominative,...
		An attestation clause, or a clause certifying the proper execution of the will, must usually be added after the testator's signature.
	encarta.msn.com /nonrestrictive+clause.html (178 words)

	Editing Checklist for Academic Papers
		Nonrestrictive clauses are set off from the rest of the sentence by commas, but restrictive clauses are not.
		Either one may be a "relative clause" and thus may begin with "who" or "which," but the restrictive clause restricts the meaning of the noun it modifies in order to tell the reader just which one of a number of possibilities you are talking about.
		A nonrestrictive clause gives some additional and perhaps interesting information about the noun it modifies but is not essential to the meaning of the noun.
	web.grinnell.edu /courses/soc/f01/editing.html (1752 words)

	Clauses: the Essential Building-Blocks
		Nonrestrictive clauses are often set apart from the rest of the sentence by a comma or a pair of commas (if it's in the middle of a sentence).
		In a relative clause, the relative pronoun is the subject of the verb (remember that all clauses contain a subject-verb relationship) and refers to (relates to) something preceding the clause.
		Elliptical Clauses are grammatically incomplete in the sense that they are missing either the relative pronoun (dependent word) that normally introduces such a clause or something from the predicate in the second part of a comparison.
	www.vnn.vn /vnn4/practice/grammar/clauses.htm (1844 words)

	Free TOEFL Help Forum
		Nonrestrictive clauses tell you something about a preceding subject, but they do not limit, or restrict, the meaning of that subject.
		However, while the nonrestrictive clause "who owns a red car" tells us something about the suspect, it does not foreclose the possibility that there are several different suspects in the lineup with red cars.
		Although some writers use "which" to introduce a restrictive clause, the traditional practice is to use "that" to introduce a restrictive clause and "which" to introduce a nonrestrictive clause.
	www.languagesystems.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1042 (1300 words)

	Jezik in slovstvo - Povzetki
		Within the framework of formal and functional typology of dependent clauses and description of relative words, the discussion focuses on distinguishing between restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses and the role played by proper names, personal and adjectival pronouns and the article in the antecedent in determining the type of the relative attributive clause.
		In the formal typology, dependent clauses are divided into conjunctive, relative and (dependent) interrogative clauses; from a functional point of view, there is a difference between those functioning as a clause element and those functioning as part of a phrase which realizes a clause element.
		This semantic distinction is reflected in syntactic differences on the level of noun phrases containing a relative attributive clause (the nonrestrictive attributive clause is an immediate constituent of the noun phrase, while the restrictive attributive clause is not).
	www.ff.uni-lj.si /publikacije/jis/lat2/046/12s04.htm (548 words)

	Edit yourself: Raise the nonrestrictive clause to a main or subordinate clause
		Nonrestrictive clauses, which sometimes carry ideas important to the flow of argument, should sometimes be raised to the status of a main clause.
		Nonrestrictive clauses sometimes carry ideas important to the flow of argument and should sometimes be raised to the status of a main clause.
		If nonrestrictive clauses carry ideas important to the flow of argument, they should sometimes be raised to the status of a subordinate clause.
	www.clearwriter.com /cleartips/edityourself/7-10.htm (116 words)

	"Which" Versus "That"
		In absolutely correct usage, restrictive clauses are introduced by that (never which), and nonrestrictive clauses are introduced by which (never that).
		Nonrestrictive: “The company, which manufactures widgets, is going bankrupt.” Here the main statement is, “The company is going bankrupt.” The which clause is incidental, parenthetical, nonessential information.
		Nonrestrictive: “The dog, which has three legs, is called Ahab.” The essential information is that the dog is called Ahab; the incidental information is that Ahab is a three-legged dog.
	www.grammarmudge.cityslide.com /articles/article/426348/2733.htm (568 words)

	Commas
		Use commas to set off a nonrestrictive clause in the middle of a sentence, but not to set off a restrictive clause.
		Nonrestrictive clauses tell you something about the subject of a sentence, but they do not limit, or restrict, the meaning.
		Generally, use a comma before "which" but not before "that." Although some writers use "which" to introduce a restrictive clause, the traditional practice is to use "that" to introduce a restrictive clause and "which" to introduce a nonrestrictive clause.
	www.literacyrules.com /WebDesign/110webs/darren/darren.htm (815 words)

	Clauses: the Essential Building-Blocks
		Clauses thus connected are usually nicely balanced in length and import.
		Semicolons should be used sparingly and only when the two independent clauses involved are closely related and nicely balanced in terms of length and import.
		The missing parts of the elliptical clause can be guessed from the context and most readers are not aware that anything is missing.
	grammar.ccc.commnet.edu /grammar/clauses.htm (1914 words)

	Relative Pronouns - How to use them properly
		A relative clause that only adds extra, or nonessential, information is called a nonrestrictive clause.
		A nonrestrictive clause does not define the noun as a restrictive clause does.
		The nonrestrictive clause can be removed from the sentence without a loss of meaning because what’s left—Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world—makes perfect sense by itself.
	www.grammartraps.com /relativepronouns.htm (476 words)

	JohnsEsl - An online community for teachers and students of ESL
		A restrictive clause is used when the information in the clause is important to the meaning of the overall sentence.
		A nonrestrictive clause is used to indicate that the information in the clause is extra information.
		Clauses that begin with the relative pronoun which are almost always nonrestrictive, and therefore do need commas.
	www.johnsesl.com /templates/grammar/relativePN.php (441 words)

	CONAN THE GRAMMARIAN: 3
		A restrictive phrase or dependent clause (modifier) is one that is restricted to the sense of the sentence.
		Since a noun clause serves the function of a noun, it must always be restricted to the sense of the sentence.
		Since most people today do not have any idea whatsoever what a clause is, much less a restrictive or nonrestrictive clause, they are oblivious to the confusion they are causing, which amounts to contempt for the reader.
	web.mountain.net /jmmings/conan3.htm (1001 words)

	grammarguide.html
		A relative clause (also known as an adjectival clause) is a clause; that is, it is a stucture that can be independent or dependet, but always has a subject and a predicate.
		A restrictive relative clause is usually essential to the meaning of the antecedent and cannot be dropped.
		Improper usage of commas in a nonrestrictive relative clause can be devastating; whereas the mere addition of commas to what should be a restrictive clause, can change the meaning of the sentence in its entirety.
	www.geocities.com /uncpundergrad/guide.htm (1013 words)

	The wicked "which"
		Sometimes in my schooling, nonrestrictive clauses were called nondefining clauses, and restrictive cl's were called defining cl's.
		The rule to follow is this: When the relative clause is defining, restrictive, or essential, always use "that" and NEVER precede it with a comma.
		When the relative clause is nondefining, nonrestrictive, or nonessential, introduce it with "which" and precede it with a comma.
	www.phrases.org.uk /bulletin_board/8/messages/1086.html (772 words)

	nonrestrictive clause definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		nonrestrictive clause definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		parenthetical relative clause: a relative clause that gives additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause but that is not essential to the understanding of the main clause.
		A nonrestrictive clause is usually separated from the rest of the sentence by commas, e.g.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861697130_561533792/nextpage.html (101 words)

	Tutorial
		A clause is a grammatical unit containing a subject and a predicate.
		A restrictive clause restricts the reference of the term it modifies (a clause).
		The subordinate clause restricts the reference of the term "Japanese" to a certain subclass of the Japanese people: those who eat lots of fish.
	www.wwnorton.com /college/phil/logic3/ch4/rel.htm (244 words)

	Supporting English Acquisition
		In grammatical terms, this kind of relative clause is known as a “restrictive” relative clause because the relative clause “restricts” or limits the meaning of a noun phrase in some way.
		A second kind of relative clause is known as a “nonrestrictive” (or “appositive”) relative clause.
		In addition to the important meaning differences associated with restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, notice that it is only the nonrestrictive relative clause that is surrounded by commas in written English.
	www.rit.edu /~seawww/relativeclausepages/rcgsfunctions.html (376 words)

	Which or That?
		That is usually preferred as a relative pronoun in restrictive clauses (where the clause limits or characterizes the meaning of the noun phrase it modifies), and which in nonrestrictive clauses (in which case you can eliminate the parenthetical information and still understand who/what the noun phrase refers to):
		Put another way, (for restrictive clauses) use that unless the noun in your relative clause is the object of a preposition, and use that if the noun in your relative clause is the object of a preposition AND the head noun is an indirect object.
		The restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses in the examples above contain noun phrases that are identical to the noun phrases in the main clause.
	www.krigline.com /which-that.htm (1511 words)

	GSC Guide to Authors - Comma
		Nonrestrictive clause The man, who was not a geologist, discovered the fossil beds while on holiday.
		Whereas a restrictive clause is introduced by the relative pronoun that, a nonrestrictive clause cannot be introduced by the relative pronoun that.
		But if the clauses are long and already contain commas, a semicolon is used to separate them (see 'Semicolon').
	ess.nrcan.gc.ca /pubs/scipub/guide/punct/comma_e.php (1041 words)

	Re: "Which" and "that"
		A restrictive clause is one that restricts, or limits, the meaning of the word(s) it modifies.
		This clause is defining because it singles out the pot among all possible pots.
		With a nonrestrictive clause, if there are too many "thats" around, use "which" instead of "that" to avoid a jingly jangle.
	www.phrases.org.uk /bulletin_board/8/messages/1079.html (497 words)

	Nonrestrictive and Restrictive Clauses
		Nonrestrictive means that the clause, noun, or pronoun is interesting but not essential.
		Restrictive means that the clause, noun, or pronoun in question is intrinsic to your discussion.
		So the "and" clause restricts the discussion to those people who are born here, who also have a choice, AND who choose to be citizens.
	blogs.officezealot.com /spiller/archive/2005/03/01/4250.aspx (1383 words)

	Academic Center: Grammar and Punctuation Handouts: Relative Clauses
		First, it’s important to know that a relative clause is a special type of dependent clause that usually functions as an adjective modifying a noun or pronoun within the main clause.
		Note: A comma must be put before and after the nonrestrictive clause or phrase, unless of course it is at the end of a sentence, in which case the comma comes only before the non-restrictive clause.
		The relative clause or phrase called restrictive when it is needed to understand which specific person or thing the modified noun is. A restrictive clause is not set off with commas.
	www.uhv.edu /ac/Grammar/Print.asp?Id=88 (668 words)

	May 2005 GrammarCheck
		An "adjective clause" is a "dependent" clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
		A restrictive clause is sometimes called an "essential" clause because it provides information that, if deleted, would change the meaning of the word(s) it modifies and thus would change the meaning of the sentence.
		A nonrestrictive adjective clause is sometimes called a "nonessential" clause because it does not change the meaning of the word(s) it modifies.
	www.grammarcheck.com /archives/05-2005.htm (2372 words)

	Punctuation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		These elements may be clauses (groups of words that contain a subject and a verb) or phrases (groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb).
		Therefore, commas are used to separate the clause from the rest of the sentence.
		A restrictive clause or phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence; it defines the word it modifies by "restricting" its meaning.
	www.neu.edu /styleguide/9_0.html (3648 words)

	Commas with Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses
		A clause is restrictive (or essential or identifying) if the meaning of the sentence would not be clear without it.
		A clause is nonrestrictive (or nonessential or non-identifying) if the meaning of the sentence would remain the same even without it.
		When a relative clause follows a proper name, the clause is always nonrestrictive because the name already makes the identity clear.
	wps.ablongman.com /long_longman_ohb_1/0,10005,1798001-content,00.html (272 words)

	Problematic Pronouns
		It is not part of an adverb clause and therefore cannot be a subordinating conjunction.
		It appears, after all, in a clause that is the object of the main verb.
		Nonrestrictive clauses provide additional information: The book, which is on the table, is his.
	www.protrainco.com /info/essays/pronouns.htm (1928 words)

	For English dorks. [Archive] - @forums
		These are restrictive and nonrestrictive modifiers in clause form: The convertible that had its top down was mine (restrictive); The convertible, which had its top down, was mine (nonrestrictive).
		The restrictive clause in the first sentence specifies which convertible is under discussion; the nonrestrictive clause in the second sentence merely adds interesting but not crucial detail about the only convertible under discussion.
		I would definitely go with A. All this stuff about "nonrestricted clauses" is irrelevant, because, as inira pointed out, a clause of any kind always has a subject and a predicate.
	www.atforumz.com /archive/index.php/t-184432.html (3025 words)

	gpunc7
		Use a comma after an introductory adverb clause, an introductory participial phrase, an introductory infinitive phrase, or a succession of introductory prepositional phrases.
		dependent clause, independent clause, restrictive clause, nonrestrictive clause, phrase, parenthetical expressions, interruptive elements, nonrestrictive participial phrase, coordinating conjunctions, coordinate adjectives.
		The nonrestrictive clause is a dependent clause which is not essential to the meaning of the sentence in which it appears.
	www.assumption.edu /dept/english/commas.html (773 words)

	Answers: 11.1: 1a-1g (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Notice that you can substitute that for which in the restrictive clause in 1b, but you cannot substitute that for who in the nonrestrictive clause in 1a.
		Nonrestrictive, assuming that the speakers have only one horse and the clause is providing supplemental information about that horse.
		The purpose of the clause is to provide additional information about beer, not to restrict it to just one type of beer that Stevie won't drink.
	people.uncw.edu /veit/DEG/exercises/Answers11.1.1a-1g.htm (195 words)

	GSC Guide to Authors - Pronouns
		A test of whether a clause is restrictive or nonrestrictive is to omit it.
		The restrictive clause should not be set off by commas, even if it is decided, for reasons of euphony, clearness, or emphasis, that a which is better than a that to introduce it.
		A nonrestrictive clause generally is set off by commas, but there are sentences in which, because of context or because of other punctuation, the nonrestrictive clause is not set off by commas.
	ess.nrcan.gc.ca /pubs/scipub/guide/gramm/pronouns_e.php (1066 words)

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