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	Govt to appeal Noongar court decision - Breaking News - National - Breaking News
		Mr Ruddock denied he was being alarmist over the issue, saying the Noongar case was not unique, with several native title claims yet to be decided across the country.
		The Noongars were disappointed because they felt the decision was made after a rigorous court procedure by an experienced judge, he said.
		Noongars would prefer that everyone's energies were spent on constructive negotiation instead of an appeal, he said.
	www.theage.com.au /news/National/Govt-to-appeal-Noongar-court-decision/2006/10/05/1159641453022.html (599 words)

	SWALSC - South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council
		The Noongar people are the largest Indigenous population in Western Australia numbering in excess of 27,000 people, and that figure continues to grow.
		In the past, the 218 family groups that represent the entire Noongar population have been without a sense of unity and have lacked any belief in the benefits of a common purpose.
		As a result, the Noongar people have suffered financially and have struggled to achieve adequate and prompt resolution in their quest for native title justice.
	www.noongar.org.au /noongar.php (89 words)

	Graduate School of Management - Noongar Community: Impact on Western Australian Economy
		It was found that that the Noongar community has significant impact on the State economy in both direct and indirect ways.
		In total the direct economic impact of the Noongar community on the WA economy was estimated to range from $500 million to $700 million per annum.
		A goal of creating 40 Noongar small business ventures each year across the five Noongar regions (20 in the city and 20 in five regional areas) was recommended.
	www.cemi.gsm.uwa.edu.au /home/research_at_cemi/Noongar_Community_Impact (407 words)

	Noongar Information - Articles Free (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Perth, the Noongar believe that the Darling Scarp is said to represent the body of a Wagyl/Waugal/Waagal, a snakelike being from Dreamtime that meandered over the land creating rivers, waterways and lakes, it is taught that the Wagyl created the Swan River.
		Since the Noongar are largely urbanised or concentrated in major regional towns studies have shown that the direct economic impact of the Noongar community on the WA economy was estimated to range between $500 million and $700 million per year.
		Noongar classification relating to kinship and intermarriage among the Noongar.
	www.articlesfree.com /index.php?title=Noongar (2809 words)

	The Ultimate Noongar - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Noongar (alternate spellings: Nyungar and Nyoongar) are an Australian Aboriginal people who live in the south west corner of Western Australia from Geraldton on the west coast to Esperance on the south coast.
		Yagan, was the head of the Noongar when English settlers first arrived in the swan river in 1829 and Captain James Stirling declared that the local tribes were Britsh subjects.
		Since the Noongar are largely urbanised or concentrated in major regional towns studies have shown that the direct economic impact of the Noongar community on the WA economy was estimated to range from $500 million to $700 million per annum[9].
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Noongar (1209 words)

	Kiangardarup: The Minang and the destruction of the Southern Right Whale
		The Noongar considered themselves highly civilised and the behaviour of the invaders to be barbarian.
		That's what the Noongar said but what they meant (and kept saying) was that the British could not take their land without taking responsibility for the Noongar who, inseparable from their land, would become like a relative to be cared for and considered.
		Although the Noongar clearly wanted to make the point as to how vulnerable the colonists were, they also recognised the superior fire power of the Europeans and their lack of civilised morality.
	kiangardarup.blogspot.com /2005/02/minang-and-destruction-of-southern.html (1463 words)

	Noongar Aboriginal Art - from Western Australia's South West » The Noongar Story
		Noongar, which literally translated means man, is a culture linked by a common language and affiliation with the land.
		Noongar people believe the Waagle gave life and sustenance to people who in return became custodians of the land.
		Noongar artwork is also influenced by the seasons and the traditional quest for food and shelter.
	noongarcountry.mysouthwest.com.au /The%20Noongar%20Story (462 words)

	Noongar - Language of the Month
		Noongar territory covers the area from Jurien Bay to Southern Cross, and to the south between Esperance and Ravensthorpe.
		It was back in 1986 that a small group of Noongar people, from around the Bunbury area in the south west, decided that action was needed to turn around the loss of language and culture that the community was suffering.
		Among the objectives listed by the current management committee at Noongar, is the desire to highlight the contribution of the Noongar women, many now old and frail, who worked tirelessly to preserve the language and to establish the centre to serve the community.
	www.fatsil.org /LOTM/dec00.htm (562 words)

	The Nature Conservancy in Australia - Postcards from the Field - Gondwana Link - Nowanup Women - pg1
		This group, which is open to women from all the Noongar families in the region, is exploring ways for Noongar women to be involved in restoring, protecting and sharing their cultural and natural heritage.
		In more recent times Noongar people worked on the farms in the area, with some involved in clearing the bush to make farmland during the government’s post-war policy to clear “a million acres a year.” This clearing was done by mechanically flattening out the native plants and then burning them.
		Many Noongar people were separated from their homes and families during the "Stolen Generation" of 1905-1972, a controversial government policy to resettle Noongar people in state-run camps and place Aboriginal children with white families.
	www.nature.org /wherewework/asiapacific/australia/features/art18737.html (605 words)

	AAR: Publication: Focus: Native Title
		The claimants alleged that when Western Australia was settled by Europeans in 1829, there was a 'Single Noongar community' that inhabited the whole of the south-west of Western Australia (including Bunbury, Margaret River and Albany to the south; York and Toodyay to the east; and Merredin to the south-east).
		Due to the extent of the Single Noongar Claim area and the Western Australian Government's desire to determine whether native title existed in the Perth metropolitan region, the Single Noongar Claim was divided into parts with the question of the existence of native title in Perth being determined separately.
		The remainder of the Single Noongar Claim (ie in relation to areas outside the metropolitan Perth area) remains to be determined.
	www.aar.com.au /pubs/nat/fonatsep06.htm (955 words)

	Freehills - Article - Native Title Update: Single Noongar judgment — A landmark decision?
		Further, Part A of the Single Noongar Claim as it overlaps with the other native title claims in the Perth metropolitan area were to be heard as a ‘separate proceeding’.
		Further, his Honour held that the question of whether the Noongar community are entitled to exclusive possession over lands and waters needs to be examined on a case-by-case basis taking into account the tenure of each parcel of land.
		The findings of fact regarding the Noongar community and the native title rights are likely to extend to the greater Single Noongar Claim Area increasing the likelihood that native title will be held to exist in that area.
	www.freehills.com.au /publications/publications_6166.asp (1594 words)

	Travel to Western Australia South West- Noongar Story of Western Australia \| Travel Forums \| Travel Friends
		The Noongar people are the original human inhabitants of Busselton and the South West area of Western Australia.
		In Noongar Aboriginal culture, Boojar (or land) is of the utmost importance.
		This season is called Birak where hot, easterly winds blow during the day and Noongar people used to burn sections of scrubland to force animals into the open to hunt.
	www.travelwalk.net /noongar-story-australia.htm (349 words)

	State to question Noongar 'society' \| Mercury - The Voice of Tasmania
		THERE was no single Noongar society in Perth at the time of white settlement, claims the West Australian Government's appeal of an historic Federal Court ruling recognising native title across metropolitan Perth.
		The state appeal also denies that "a substantial degree of genealogical connection" between the claimant group and the people who occupied the area at sovereignty was established by the evidence at trial.
		Justice Wilcox found that the Noongar people had maintained their connection to the land despite white settlement in 1829 and subsequent dispossession.
	www.news.com.au /mercury/story/0,22884,20559687-421,00.html (763 words)

	Yondee (Shane Hansen), Noongar Aboriginal Artist - Aboriginal Art Online
		Yondee (Shane Hansen) - Noongar Artist from southern Western Australia
		Yondee (Shane Hansen) is a Noongar man from Western Australia, now based on the Gold Coast in Queensland.
		He was born in 1964 in Dumbleyung, 270 km south of Perth.
	www.aboriginalartonline.com /art/yondee.php (309 words)

	SWALSC - South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council
		Noongar people are calling on all Western Australians to join them in a commitment to building a new relationship between Noongar people and the people of Western Australia, so that we may move forward together as a community.
		Noongar people are the largest single cultural bloc of Indigenous people in Australia, numbering in excess of 28,000 people, and are a unique and invaluable part of this State.
		What we are seeking from the Western Australian public is a commitment to building a partnership relationship that acknowledges the efforts of Noongar leaders and the Noongar community to build a better present and future for this generation and our children, socially, culturally and economically.
	www.noongar.org.au /commitment.php (190 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Noongar classification refers to the classification system in tribal law by which the Noongar, an indigenous Australian people, enforced restrictions on intermarriage.
		Daisy Bates stated that under the system, each Noongar was placed in same class as their mother, and no Noongar was permitted to marry someone of the same class as themselves.
		Some confusion was also caused by the fact that a Noongar might refer to any relative of the same generation and class as themselves as their brother or sister; similarly, any older woman of the same class as themselves could be referred to as their mother.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Noongar_classification (446 words)

	Troy Bennell at The Brigham Galleries - Australian Aboriginal Art
		Troy uses his knowledge of the habits of the traditional Noongar People as told to him by his elders to inspire his work: the routes they travelled for millennium each year as the seasons changed, how they used and conserved and cared for the local animal and plant life, and their respect for the land.
		The band of orange and yellow running through the centre of the painting represents the hot and dry weather; at this time of the year the weather conditions are hot and dry in daytime and warm at night.
		At this time of year, Noongars would be camping near the waterways: rivers, estuaries and the ocean.
	www.thebrighamgalleries.com /Artists/Aboriginal/TroyBennell.htm (919 words)

	Guest post on Noongar native title claim at John Quiggin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is entirely reasonable, because the Noongar have never been confined to a particular area and have maintained a variety of interests in numerous well documented locations throughout the south west.
		Noongars are emerging out of a very long, dark and oppressive tunnel of white history - let us show some good will and encouragement.
		In fact, when the Single Noongar Claim first went to trial, the Noongars’ representatives, SWALSC, specifically stated that they would seek multi-million dollars in compensation if their claim was successful, which was reported at the time.
	johnquiggin.com /index.php/archives/2006/09/21/guest-post-on-noongar-native-title-claim (5504 words)

	Span number 36 Postcolonial Fictions: Robyn McCarron
		The Noongars, as the Aboriginal people of the south west refer to themselves, were not sharing equally in the wealth of the region, and in fact were almost completely excluded from it.
		Noongar is a word used by Aboriginal people of the south west to describe themselves, their language (both original and contemporary forms) and, states Douglas (1976:5), "as an adjective describing their country, their way of life and other features of their culture." Its meaning is "man" or "person" and it is used across dialect boundaries.
		The Noongar language groups belong to a region that extends from Moora (to the north of Perth) through to Ravensthorpe and Esperance (on the southern coast).
	wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au /ReadingRoom/litserv/SPAN/36/McCarron.html (3398 words)

	John Quiggin » Guest post on Noongar native title claim (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is entirely reasonable, because the Noongar have never been confined to a particular area and have maintained a variety of interests in numerous well documented locations throughout the south west.
		Noongars are emerging out of a very long, dark and oppressive tunnel of white history - let us show some good will and encouragement.
		Then it might be worth the while of individuals to establish their bona fides as members of the tribe by seeking membership of the incorporated body.
	www.johnquiggin.com /index.php/archives/2006/09/21/guest-post-on-noongar-native-title-claim (5615 words)

	The Single Noongar Claim – Negotiating Native Title in the South West - [2004] ILB 36; 6(2)pg11
		The internal process of negotiating agreements for representation and decision-making among the Noongar people has proved to be a vehicle for social relationship building in processes that may otherwise be a source of social atomisation.
		Via this process the Noongar people may be able to achieve greater consistency of outcomes across the community and therefore greater equity across the region by engaging in a coordinated and strategic plan of action.
		[11] Despite this reality, Noongar people are confident in their assertion of the right to speak for country as a single Noongar group and that their evidence of connection supports this identity.
	www.austlii.edu.au /au/journals/ILB/2004/36.html (1758 words)

	Noongar Aboriginal Art - from Western Australia's South West » Artists
		Changes to the Noongar culture, which came about after the European settlement of Western Australia in 1829, are also regularly reflected in the Noongar arts.
		It is these changes, including the institutionalisation of Aboriginal people and the removal of indigenous children from their parents, which have given rise to the unique ‘Carollup’ Style of painting.
		Today, the Noongar people hold true to their rich ancient heritage, and many choose to remember their past through the arts.
	noongarcountry.mysouthwest.com.au /Artists (173 words)

	The Australian: Noel Pearson: A mighty moral victory [ 23sep06 ]
		The Noongar are shadow dwellers in their own country and these urban-dwelling flfellas were not supposed to get native title.
		The Noongar will no doubt see its economic value as well, but for them the value of the land is that it is their cultural hearth.
		Alas, the overtures made by Pearce and the Noongar to state and local governments to settle the claims by negotiation were ultimately rejected, and the claim proceeded to hearing in the Federal Court in 2005.
	www.kooriweb.org /foley/news/2006/september/pearson23sep06.html (1208 words)

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