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	Norbert Rillieux
		Robert Norbert Rillieux (March 18, 1806-October 8, 1894), an African-American inventor and engineer, was born the son of a wealthy, white New Orleans, Louisiana plantation owner and a former slave.
		Rillieux was born a free Creole of Color in New Orleans, Louisiana.
		Norbert Rillieux is buried in Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/no/Norbert_Rilleaux.html (286 words)

	Norbert Rillieux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rillieux was born a free quadroon ("quadroon libre") in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of a successful French-born planter/engineer and a former slave.
		Rillieux was a cousin of painter Edgar Degas.Descendants of his family are still living in Louisiana today.
		Norbert Rillieux is buried in Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norbert_Rillieux (299 words)

	No. 236: Norbert Rillieux
		orbert Rillieux was born in New Orleans in 1806.
		Norbert was very bright, so his father, an inventor himself, sent him off to the Ecole Centrale in Paris where he studied engineering.
		Norbert Rillieux stayed on as an instructor for a few years, and he published papers on steam power.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi236.htm (481 words)

	Norbert Rillieux
		Norbert Rillieux was born on March 17, 1806 in New Orleans, Louisiana.
		Norbert was born a free man, although his mother was a slave.
		Rillieux devised an elaborate plan for eliminating the outbreak by draining the swamplands surrounding the city and improving the existing sewer system, thus removing the breeding ground for the insects and therefore the ability for them to pass on the disease.
	www.blackinventor.com /pages/norbertrillieux.html (537 words)

	African Americans - Norbert Rillieux, Sugar Chemist and Inventor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Norbert Rillieux revolutionized the sugar industry by inventing a refining process that reduced the time, cost, and safety risk involved in producing good sugar from cane and beets.
		Norbert Rillieux was a free man in New Orleans in the Early 18th century.
		Rillieux's own reminiscences, as transcribed through Horsin-Deon, do not refer to injustices because of his color, but there can be no doubt that he was subjected to restriction and possibly indignities.
	www.africanamericans.com /NorbertRillieux.htm (1412 words)

	French Creoles \| Norbert Rillieux
		One of their sons, Norbert Rillieux, became a leading chemical engineer of his time, whose inventions revolutionized the sugar industry throughout the world.
		As was Norbert Rillieux, at an early age.
		By 1830, at the age of twenty-four, the precocious Norbert was an instructor in applied mechanics at the Ecole Centrale in Paris, publishing a series of highly regarded papers on steam engines and steam power.
	www.frenchcreoles.com /CreoleCulture/famouscreoles/norbertrillieux/norbertrillieux.htm (473 words)

	Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Norbert Rillieux was revolutionary in the sugar industry by inventing a refining process that reduced the time, cost, and safety risk involved in producing sugar from cane and beets.
		As the son of a French planter/inventor and a slave mother, Norbert Rillieux was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.
		Rillieux designed an evaporating pan which enclosed a series of condensing coils in vacuum chambers, issued as a patent U.S. The invention was later used by sugar manufacturer in Cuba and Mexico.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /IndRev/agricult.htm (837 words)

	Norbert Rillieux
		Norbert Rillieux was born in 1806 in New Orleans, Louisiana.
		When Norbert Rillieux was a child, African American children, even free ones, were not allowed to go to most of the schools in New Orleans.
		From his Louisiana background, Norbert Rillieux knew that refining sugar, or the process of turning sugarcane into sugar, was slow, expensive, and dangerous for workers.
	www.harcourtschool.com /activity/biographies/rillieux (557 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		Norbert Rillieux revolutionized the sugar industry by inventing a refining process, evaporation in multiple effect, that is still in use today not only for the production of sugar, but also of soap, gelatin, condensed milk, and glue, as well as for the recovery of waste liquids in factories and distilleries.
		Rillieux's system, in which a series of vacuum pans heat one another in sequence, had immediate impacts.
		Norbert Rillieux was born in New Orleans, the son of a white engineer and a freed slave.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/213.html (220 words)

	Slavery in America
		Norbert Rillieux was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 17, 1807.
		Norbert Rillieux's invention had not merely changed sugar-making from manual labor to a mechanized operation; it had fundamentally changed the theory, practice, and methods of his own industry as well as industries he could not even dream of when he devised his invention.
		Norbert Rillieux might fairly be called a Renaissance man for the variety of his accomplishments in more than one discipline.
	www.slaveryinamerica.org /narratives/bio_norbert_rillieux.htm (1987 words)

	Norbert Rillieux
		Norbert Rillieux was born in New Orleans, Louisiana to Constance Vivant, a slave who had probably been freed before Norbert’s birth, and Vincent Rillieux, a White planter and engineer whose own inventions included a steam-powered cotton baling press.
		Rillieux returned to Louisiana in the mid-1830s to be the chief engineer of a sugar refinery being built by one Edmund Forstall.
		Norbert Rillieux died in France at the age of eighty-eight.
	www.gibbsmagazine.com /Rillieux.htm (724 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		Norbert Rillieux was born the son of a wealthy, white New Orleans plantation owner and his fl slave mistress.
		At Norbert's birth, his father had the choice of declaring him free or, as was the custom in such instances, a slave.
		This made Rillieux think that the evaporation of sugar on his father's plantation could be done more efficiently if the cane juice was heated in a vacuum.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/rillieux.html (237 words)

	African-American Inventors & Inventions: Norbert Rillieux - Slave, Scientist
		Rillieux accepted this until he was required to carry a pass.
		Norbert Rillieux was an important man whenever sugar was manufactured.
		Norbert's intelligence was recognized at an early age by his father who was master of the plantation on which his mother was a slave.
	inventions.org /culture/african/rillieux.html (451 words)

	African American News & Issues - Archives
		NORBERT RILLIEUX isn't a name that even history literate Africans in America readily identify with, but his contribution made the world a lot sweeter, insofar as he invented a process that made sugar a common food staple, rather than a luxury.
		Rillieux was an inventor who was born in New Orleans to a slave mother and French Plantation owner, in 1806.
		Vincent Rillieux, the plantation's owner was an engineer thus, he not only freed Norbert's mother (Constance Vivian), but also educated their quadroon of offspring and later sent him to Paris to study engineering at L'Ecole Centrale.
	www.aframnews.com /archives/2002-05-15/histo.html (942 words)

	JCE Online: Biographical Snapshots: Snapshot
		Norbert Rillieux was born on March 17, 1806 in New Orleans, Louisiana to parents Vincent Rillieux, a white cotton merchant, and Constance Vivant, a free African American.
		Norbert’s father, an engineer who had invented a steam-run, cotton-bailing press, encouraged his son to study mathematics and sciences and sent him to Paris in the 1820’s to attend the L’École Centrale.
		Rillieux’s evaporator used the heat of vaporization from the steam from the first evaporator (as it condensed) to heat the more concentrated sugar solution in the second evaporator.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCEWWW/Features/eChemists/Bios/rillieux.html (898 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Norbert Rilliuex was the son of a rich, white New Orleans plantation owner and his fl mistress.
		Norbert received schooling in Paris where his ability in engineering was formed and thus led to his appointments dealing with applied mechanics at L' Ecole Central in 1830.
		Rillieux learned that the boiling point of liquids is reduced as atmospheric pressure is reduced.
	www.manatee.k12.fl.us /sites/middleschool/johnson/Black/RILLIEUX.HTM (524 words)

	Prentice Hall School \| Black History Month \| Student Activities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Norbert Rillieux (rill-ee-yoo) was born in 1806 on his father's sugar cane plantation in New Orleans.
		A brilliant student, Norbert Rillieux became an instructor of engineering by the age of twenty-four.
		Norbert Rillieux was widely admired in the United States for his invention.
	www.phschool.com /curriculum_support/black_history/student_activities/activity3.html (350 words)

	Patent Model for Multiple Effect Vacuum Evaporator
		Norbert Rillieux (1806-1894), a free fl man, invented the first successful multiple effect vacuum process for producing sugar.
		Young Rillieux was an outstanding student and after graduating from L'Ecole Centrale, taught at the school.
		In 1846 Rillieux was able to convince several planters to install them on the sugar factories on their plantations.
	anacostia.si.edu /Online_Academy/Academy/artifacts/objects/object_2_frame.htm (357 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Rillieux's sugar processing method - Thursday \| February 5, 2004
		Born in New Orleans in 1806, Rillieux was the son of a slave mother, but his French planter father sent him to France to be educated, so he returned to New Orleans a trained engineer.
		Rillieux's invention, called the Multiple Effect Vacuum Pan Evaporator, was also used in making gelatin and soap, and was such an improvement in manufacturing that it has been called the greatest invention in the history of American chemical engineering.
		Before his invention, cane juice was slowly and laboriously boiled down in a series of kettles, transferred by ladles from one to another, until it crystallised in the final kettle.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20040205/letters/letters5.html (210 words)

	For the Media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Norbert Rillieux was born in New Orleans in 1806.
		Norbert's father freed his mother before the birth, and took Norbert as his son.
		Norbert Rillieux put his thermodynamic knowledge to work and invented the first multistage evaporator.
	www.eweek.org /site/News/Features/minority.shtml (787 words)

	Lakeside-Scott H.'s Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		by, Scott H. Norbert Rillieux was born on March 17, 1894, in New Orleans, Louisiana, to a white father Vincent Rillieux, and a fl mother, Constance Vivant.
		Norbert's father was a great inventor and engineer, while his mother was a slave on his father's plantation.
		When Norbert was young, his father noticed his ability, so he sent his son to Paris, France, where Norbert got a college education.
	www.millville.org /lakeside/afamsci/scotth.html (195 words)

	African American Journey: From Africa to America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Norbert Rillieux, an American engineer, revolutionized the sugar industry by making the first practical multiple-effect vacuum evaporator.
		In one chamber of Rillieux's machine, the sugar cane juice was boiled until it became syrup.
		Rillieux was born in New Orleans, the son of a French engineer and a free fl woman.
	www2.worldbook.com /wc/features/aajourney_new/html/aa_1_rillieux.shtml (157 words)

	Research Paper on Norbert Rillieux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Norbert Rillieux Norbert Rillieux was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 17, 1806.
		Norbert's academic talents were seen at an early age by his father, and was sent to Paris to be educated.
		At the age of twenty-four, Norbert Rillieux was a teacher of applied mechanics at a …
	www.paper-research.com /paper/Norbert_Rillieux-90517.html (175 words)

	Norbert Rillieux Biography / Biography of Norbert Rillieux Main Biography
		Norbert Rillieux (1806-1894) was the inventor of the multiple-effect vacuum evaporator, which revolutionized the processing of sugar.
		Techniques developed by Rillieux are now commonly used in the reduction or concentration of saturated liquids into super-saturated liquids, high density solids, or dry granules.
		Rillieux's invention has been adopted for the production of any number of solids and reduced liquids whose products are sensitive to heat.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-norbert-rillieux (197 words)

	C&EN: ACS NEWS - ACS HONORS NORBERT RILLIEUX, EVAPORATOR
		Rillieux is little known today, but his invention, the multiple-effect evaporator under vacuum, revolutionized sugar processing.
		The Rillieux evaporator was one of the earliest innovations in chemical engineering and remains the basis of all modern forms of industrial evaporation.
		Rillieux was invited back to New Orleans, and in 1843 two planters, Thomas Packwood and Judah P. Benjamin, installed Rillieux's evaporators on their plantations.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/acsnews/8019/8019acsnews.html (618 words)

	About our School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Norbert Rillieux Elementary School was founded in 1970, and is situated on twenty-one acres of land in a quiet, pastoral setting.
		It was established to meet the growing educational and cultural needs of the Avondale/Waggaman community on the westbank of Jefferson Parish.
		Rillieux’s theme is reflective of our school’s motto...
	rillieux.jppss.k12.la.us /aboutus.htm (155 words)

	Norbert Rillieux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Born in New Orleans in 1806 to Vincent Rillieux, a French sugar cane plantation owner, and Constant Vivant, a slave on the plantation, his superior intellect was evident at an early age.
		Rillieux returned to New Orleans as the emphasis on technology in the United States provided him with the environment to put his ideas into practice.
		While Rillieux became very wealthy and was held in high esteem by the leaders of the sugar industry, his racial status precluded social acceptance.
	www.5x5media.com /bhp/pages/nrillieux.shtml (487 words)

	Norbert Rillieux Elementary School in Waggaman, Louisiana/LA - School Tree
		Norbert Rillieux Elementary School is classified as a "Primary School".
		Norbert Rillieux Elementary School was operational at the time of the last report and is currently operational.
		Norbert Rillieux Elementary School IS NOT a Magnet school.
	schooltree.org /220084000641.html (144 words)

	NORBERT RILLIEUX 1806 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Like his father Norbert Rillieux was a great inventor.
		Rillieux moved back to France but returned later to his hometown in New Orleans.
		Rillieux was probably one of the greatest African-American inventors.
	www.wntb.com /blackachievers/norbertrillieux (179 words)

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