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Topic: Normal Trade Relations

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	House approves normal trade relations with China - July 27, 1999
		Further complicating relations are a Chinese trade surplus -- aggravated by alleged unfair trading practices -- that is expected to top $60 billion this year, and allegations of illegal Chinese political contributions in the 1996 presidential campaign.
		In a statement, the administration said revoking the trade status now would "significantly damage America's relationship with a fifth of the world's population." In June, when Clinton announced that he would renew the status, the president said the policy of engagement with China is in America's economic and security interests.
		This year, the fight against normal trade relations was led by Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, a California Republican and a member of the House International Relations Committee.
	www.cnn.com /ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/07/27/karl.china/index.html (836 words)

	Bush Supports Renewing Normal Trade Relations with China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For China to have continued normal trade relations with the United States, the President must propose the renewal of NTR -- formerly known as most-favored-nation (MFN) status -- by issuing a waiver of the Jackson-Vanik amendment to the Trade Act of 1974, and both the House of Representatives and the Senate must approve that waiver.
		Trade is in the interests of American consumers, especially those who live from paycheck to paycheck and depend on inexpensive goods from China to enhance their quality of life.
		Normal Trade Relations status is important if we are to promote American values of transparency and accountability and ensure that the Chinese government adheres to the rule of law in its dealings with its own people as well as with the international community.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2001/6/3/201016.shtml (807 words)

	China's Normal Trade Relations (NTR) Status
		Normal Trade Relations (NTR) is the normal, nondiscriminatory tariff treatment that the U.S. provides to all but a few renegade nations on a reciprocal basis.
		In order to extend NTR status each year on this conditional basis, the President must waive the emigration requirement or certify that there is freedom of emigration.
		If the U.S. does not renew China’s NTR status the outcome would be drastic; basically trade between the U.S. and China would come to a standstill due to tariff rates that would be driven up to about 50%, making it unfeasible to conduct trade.
	www.ccit.net /KeyPolicies/chinapermntr.html (986 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus \| Establishing Normal Trade Relations with Vietnam & Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Opponents of relations with Vietnam and Laos have also sought to use the issue of religious freedom as a means to defeat or postpone NTR.
		Normalization of relations with Vietnam and Laos has taken place partly due to the support of a remarkable coalition of religious organizations, development and advocacy groups, veterans, business constituencies, and a handful of moderate Asian-Americans, groups which otherwise have little contact with each other.
		U.S. trade negotiator Joseph Damond agrees that the agreements are “the first step in relations, not the last word.” After granting NTR to Vietnam and Laos, the U.S. should then proceed to negotiate separate agreements on development cooperation, human rights dialogue, and other issues.
	www.fpif.org /fpiftxt/1393 (2771 words)

	Permanent Normal Trade Relations Status With China Legislation
		Trade deficits provide foreign investors with US currency with which to buy our American assets, a legacy that should be part of the American heritage we leave to our children and grandchildren.
		Though trade policy, the US is giving China billions of dollars a year in what virtually amounts to foreign aid; foreign aid which is draining away American wealth at an astronomical rate, and destroying the middle class laboring people in our society, weakening our democracy, and diminishing our nation’s influence in world affairs.
		In truth, the Permanent Normal Trade Relations Status with China legislation is not only about cheap labor and environmental exploitation, but it is also about the New World Order extending into China the nefarious, corrupt, subversive tentacles of their shadow ONE WORLD GOVERNMENT.
	vicroberts.net /vicroberts/pnrchina.html (1427 words)

	Should China's Human Rights Record Prevent Permanent Normal Trade Relations?
		Rather than denying China normal trading status because of human rights violations, the Clinton administration has opted for a policy of "comprehensive engagement," which holds that long-term U.S. goals such as human rights improvement are more likely to be achieved through sustained contact and open trading than by further isolating China.
		Permanent normal relations should not be granted until long-term progress is made on human rights in China.
		If trade were a beauty contest, we'd trade only with a small group of nations that mirror our own society, and would be in a virtual cold war with the rest.
	www.speakout.com /activism/issue_briefs/1244b-1.html (851 words)

	Make "Normal Trade Relations" Normal
		Both are supposed to enhance the possibility of "free trade" between the US and the rest of the world, including China.
		Normal Trade Relations status used to be called "Most Favored Nation" status.
		It should not be considered "normal" for US taxpayers to subsidize trade with any country, much less hostile Communist countries such as the Peoples Republic of China.
	www.neusysinc.com /columnarchive/colm0129.html (583 words)

	Trade Briefing Paper no. 5. Trade and the Transformation of China: The Case for Normal Trade Relations \| Cato's Center ...
		Trade and the Transformation of China: The Case for Normal Trade Relations
		Trade and the Transformation of China: The Case for Normal Trade Relations
		Congress will soon consider whether to revoke normal trade relations (NTR) with China and then, possibly in the fall, whether to make NTR permanent as part of China’s anticipated entry into the World Trade Organization.
	www.freetrade.org /pubs/briefs/tpb-005es.html (429 words)

	Trade Policy Analysis no. 10: China’s Long March to a Market Economy... \| Cato's Center for Trade Policy Studies
		Mark A. Groombridge is a research fellow in the Cato Institute’s Center for Trade Policy Studies and coauthor, with Claude E. Barfield, of Tiger by the Tail: China and the World Trade Organization (1999).
		A vote to grant China permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status will bolster the position of those leaders in Beijing who are attempting to deepen and broaden the scope of China’s two-decade experiment with economic reform.
		Granting PNTR and China’s subsequent accession to the World Trade Organization will benefit, not only the United States and the world trading community, but most directly the citizens of China, millions of whom are still mired in abject poverty.
	www.freetrade.org /pubs/pas/tpa-010es.html (484 words)

	Permanent Normal Trade Relations for China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		China's reformist leadership, in effect, is using the membership requirements of the World Trade Organization as a lever to achieve fundamental changes in state-owned enterprises and state-owned banks that they have long sought but which have been somewhat elusive.
		They have overcome intense domestic opposition to membership in the World Trade Organization, in part by arguing that such membership is the only means of avoiding the process of annual renewal of normal trade relations in their largest export market—the United States.
		Finally, the failure of the U.S. Congress to grant permanent normal trade relations to China would significantly undermine the position of our negotiators in the final stage of China's entry to the World Trade Organization—the drafting of the protocol of accession and the report of the working party.
	www.brook.edu /comm/policybriefs/pb58.htm (2522 words)

	Clinton to renew Normal Trade Relations with China - June 2, 1999
		The formal notification, required by the Thursday deadline, is expected to trigger a major debate in the House and Senate due to allegations of Chinese espionage against the U.S. and other recent diplomatic tensions, including charges China tried to influence the 1996 presidential election with illegal campaign contributions.
		The Trade Act of 1974 allowed "nonmarket economy" countries to be granted a waiver and have their MFN status restored.
		Normal trade status was formally restored to China on February 1, 1980.
	www.cnn.com /ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/06/02/china.mfn/index.html (815 words)

	Clinton pushes for normal trade relations with China - April 3, 2000
		Clinton touted the benefits of permanent normal trade relations in a speech Monday to the Democratic Leadership Council, a moderate group that supports the president's position.
		Clinton said opposition to agreements involving trade issues are symbolic of people's unease with globalization and issues related to it, like child labor and worldwide labor and environmental standards.
		"Somehow these trade agreements have become a lightning rod for everybody's dissatisfaction with everything, although the evidence is the more we trade with countries and the more wealth they get, the more likely they are to elevate labor standards and improve the environment," he said.
	edition.cnn.com /2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/04/03/clinton.trade (1109 words)

	Bush Extends Normal Trade Relations Treatment to Armenia - Armenia Diaspora Conference Official Site
		Bush Extends Normal Trade Relations Treatment to Armenia Says Armenia has made "considerable progress in enacting market reforms" President Bush issued a proclamation January 7 extending unconditional normal trade relations treatment to Armenian products entering the United States, effective immediately.
		The extension of unconditional normal trade relations treatment to the products of Armenia will permit the United States to avail itself of all rights under the WTO with respect to Armenia.
		(1) Nondiscriminatory trade treatment (normal trade relations treatment) shall be extended to the products of Armenia, which shall no longer be subject to chapter 1 of title IV of the 1974 Act.
	www.armeniadiaspora.com /js_05/050110usa.html (498 words)

	FRB: Speech, Greenspan -- Permanent normal trade relations with China -- May 18, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The outcome of the debate on permanent normal trade relations with China will have profound implications for the free world's trading system and the long-term growth potential of the American economy.
		Further development of China's trading relationships with the United States and other industrial countries will work to strengthen the rule of law within China and to firm its commitment to economic reform.
		China's trade now accounts for 3 percent of world trade and should expand further in response to WTO participation.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/speeches/2000/20000518.htm (429 words)

	To Extend Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relations Treatment) to the Products of Ukraine, and for Other ...
		Ukraine has demonstrated a strong desire to build a friendly and cooperative relationship with the United States and has been found to be in full compliance with the freedom of emigration requirements under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 (the "1974 Act") (19 U.S.C. 2431 et seq.).
		Section 2103(a) of the Trade Act of 2002, 19 U.S.C. 3803(a), authorizes the President, under certain circumstances, to proclaim such modification of any existing duty as the President determines to be required or appropriate to carry out an agreement entered into in accordance with section 2103(a).
		(1) Nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) shall be extended to the products of Ukraine, which shall no longer be subject to chapter 1 of title IV of the 1974 Act.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2006/03/20060331-5.html (477 words)

	China, the WTO and Permanent Normal Trade Relations
		At a specially convened press conference on January 10, President Clinton announced his administration was launching an all-out effort to grant China permanent normal trade relations status (PNTR).
		Congress' angst over granting China PNTR reflects a reluctance to give up the annual debate on China and U.S.-China relations afforded by the Jackson-Vanik Amendment to the 1974 Trade Bill, that requires (not explicitly, but by extension) annual renewal of China's Normal Trade Relations status.
		Republican representative Doug Bereuter of Nebraska, a strong supporter of the trade agreement and China's accession to the WTO, is drafting legislation that would create annual reporting requirements to allow review of China's human rights record and other issues.
	www.wcit.org /topics/china/chi_update_1_00.htm (1809 words)

	Granting Permanent Normal Trade Relations To China Could Be The Trojan Horse That Ultimately Undermines America ...
		For the last quarter-century, rising trade and globalization have become principal factors in the stagnation of U.S. manufacturing wages since 1975.
		None of this trade "engaged" the kaiser in a "democratic dialogue" or prevented World War I. Despite current assurances, there is little historical evidence that trade ties prevent wars.
		Growing investment and trade between Taiwan and mainland China didn't stop the Taiwanese from electing a advocate of independent-republic status as president in the island's recent elections.
	www.commondreams.org /views/052100-102.htm (1710 words)

	Department of State Washington File: Text: GAO Report on China WTO Bid, Normal Trade Relations Status
		The report states that U.S. trade relations with China could continue to be based on older bilateral agreements, such as a 1979 U.S.-China trade agreement, should China become a member of the WTO without receiving PNTR.
		1/ In June 1999, the term "normal trade relations" replaced the term "most-favored-nation" in U.S. law; however, the term most-favored-nation continues to be used in the WTO agreements and other trade agreements.
		The administration believes this is necessary to avoid a conflict between current U.S. law, which requires annual approval of China's normal trade relations status, and the U.S. obligation as a WTO member to provide unconditional most-favored-nation status to other members.
	usinfo.org /wf-archive/2000/000320/epf103.htm (1497 words)

	Congress Considering Normal Trade Relations Status for Vietnam
		The proposed legislation is an essential step in normalizing relations between the two countries and making possible Vietnam's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO).
		Vietnam has been ineligible for this nondiscriminatory treatment because it is subject to provisions of the Jackson-Vanik amendment to the Trade Act of 1974, which withholds normal trade relations from certain nonmarket economies that restrict emigration.Â The proposed legislation would terminate the Jackson-Vanik restrictions.
		In order for a bill to become law, it must be approved by the committee and identical versions of the bill must be passed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate.Â Once a bill is passed by Congress, it still requires the presidentâs signature to take effect.
	tokyo.usembassy.gov /e/p/tp-20060616-18.html (552 words)

	July 26 - Grassley Receives Major International Trade Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Grassley received the award as a "dedicated public servant" who has made a "truly outstanding contribution in the field of international trade policy," according to the trade groups.
		Specifically, the groups cited Grassley's work on congressional approval last year of permanent normal trade relations status for China and the removal of market access abroad to exports of American agricultural products.
		The Washington International Trade Association describes itself as having more than 850 members who are dedicated to providing a neutral forum for the open discussion of international trade and economic and financial issues.
	grassley.senate.gov /releases/2001/p01r7-26a.htm (237 words)

	Embassy of the U.S. London: Current Issues: Trade: U.S. Establishes Permanent Normal Trade Relations with Ukraine
		The new U.S. law frees Ukraine from the provisions of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment to the Trade Act of 1974.
		That amendment restricts trade relations with nonmarket-economy countries that limit the freedom of emigration or charge high taxes to those seeking to emigrate.
		Under Jackson-Vanik, if a country is found to be restricting emigration rights, the U.S. president must issue an annual waiver for normal trade relations to continue.
	www.usembassy.org.uk /trade464.html (618 words)

	Granting Permanent Normal Trade Relations to China and Human Rights (Testimony before the House Committee on ...
		Broader trade with China can be consistent with advancing human rights, but only if it is combined with effective, sustained pressure on China to respect basic civil and political rights.
		This is a step towards China's integration into the international system regulating not only trade relations but also governments' treatment of their own citizens.
		China has lobbied for several years for an end to the annual review of its trade status under the Jackson-Vanik amendment of the Trade Act of 1974, and as part of the WTO deal President Clinton has pledged to give China permanent Normal Trade Relations status.
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/china-99/china-testimony-051100.htm (3964 words)

	IR // News // President grants normal trade relations to China
		Bush called the trade proclamation the “final step in normalizing U.S.-China trade relations” and said it would open up the vast Chinese markets to billions of dollars in American goods.
		The new trade status takes effect Jan. 1, Bush said in the announcement released in Crawford, Texas, where he is vacationing.
		The amendment, initially aimed at the former Soviet Union’s restrictions against Jewish emigration, withholds normal trade relations with communist states that restrict emigration.
	www.helenair.com /articles/2001/12/28/stories/national/9a6.txt (841 words)

	FAPA - Library
		My colleagues, as we consider this proposal of denying free trade to China, let us bear in mind some of China's violations of basic international accords: its threats to Taiwan, its murder and its arrest of Christians, of Buddhists, and Falun Gong practitioners, the downing of our surveillance aircraft, and its occupation of Tibet.
		And until it changes its behavior and until it stops threatening its neighbors and does not repress its citizens, we should not be supporting this repressive government and its growing military with normal trade benefits.
		Both Lee and Chen have called for normalization of trade relations between the U.S. and China and WTO accession by China.
	www.fapa.org /MFN/House071901.html (1435 words)

	U.S. CONTINUES NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS WITH CHINA
		U.S. WASHINGTON, Aug. 3 (LSN) - Population Research Institute (PRI) is one of many American organizations angered by the renewal of normal trade relations (NTR) status with China by the House of Representatives.
		NTR status was renewed in the House by a vote of 260 to 170.
		"NTR benefits the Communist elite who control China's state- and military-owned enterprises, and does not benefit ordinary Chinese workers," he continued, while speaking at a press conference last week that was organized by the FRC.
	www.lifesite.net /ldn/1999/aug/99080303.html (289 words)

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