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Closure (mathematics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The closure is idempotent: the closure of the closure equals the closure. In linear algebra, the linear span of a set X of vectors is the closure of that set; it is the smallest subset of the vector space that includes X is closed under the operation of linear combination. In group theory, the normal closure of a set of group elements is the smallest normal subgroup containing the set. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Closure_(mathematics)   (980 words)

AJO - Volume 3, Number 3 & 4, 2001 - Feature Article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is essentially an anatomical disorder of the anterior segment of the eye, characterised by closure of part of the filtration angle as a result of iris apposition to the trabecular meshwork. Creeping angle closure implies an ongoing evolution of synechiae in the depths of the angle of the anterior chamber in eyes with shallow anterior chambers and narrow angles, while chronic angle closure is described as a permanent obstruction of the angle by either patchy or total PAS. Chronic angle closure eyes were less divergent from normal than acute angle closure eyes, suggesting a milder form of the same kind of angle closure, but expressed over a prolonged period. www.scientific-com.com /AJO/backissues/v3n3/feature.html   (2344 words)

Section: 20950 - 21430. Article 1 - 4. Subchapter 5. Chapter 3. Title 27. California Code of Regulations. Closure — for landfills and for waste piles and surface impoundments closed as landfills, the goal of closure, including but not limited to the installation of a final cover, is to minimize the infiltration of water into the waste, thereby minimizing the production of leachate and gas. Closure plans submitted prior to the effective date of this article that have been deemed complete and for which detailed comments have been supplied by the CIWMB and the EA within 12 months of the original submittal date shall not need to be resubmitted. Closure plans submitted prior to the effective date of this article that have been deemed complete but for which detailed comments have not yet been supplied by the CIWMB and the EA may not need to be resubmitted. www.ciwmb.ca.gov /Regulations/title27/ch3sb5.htm   (7979 words)

PlanetMath: normal closure normal subgroup generated by, conjugate closure, smallest normal subgroup containing Cross-references: index, finite, subgroup, conjugates, subgroup generated by, contain, normal subgroups, intersection, group, subset This is version 6 of normal closure, born on 2004-10-06, modified 2006-03-02. planetmath.org /encyclopedia/NearlyNormal.html   (105 words)

editorial At times the closure has been reinforced, at times the closure is scaled back to "normal", but the fact is that it has not been lifted for the last seven years. It is this type of closure which was discussed in Israeli government circles on the eve of the Jewish holiday, a discussion which might have given the impression that there is currently no closure and a suggestion that one be imposed has been rejected. In reality, while they sat discussing the possibility of imposing a closure, the closure remains in place, and their concern was whether or not to tighten it even further. www.jmcc.org /media/report/98/Apr/3b.htm   (1036 words)

Interactive Fly, Drosophila Early dorsal closure is normal in these mutants, suggesting that maternal coded Zipper protein is sufficient for early stages of closure. Normally at stage 9 of oogenesis, approximately eight so-called border cells form at the anterior tip of the egg chamber, delaminate, and migrate past the phalanx of nurse cells until they reach the anterior tip of the oocyte. Normal border cell myosin II staining is much brighter than that of the surrounding nurse cells, indicating a presence of myosin II in border cells. www.sdbonline.org /fly/cytoskel/zipper1.htm   (1292 words)

Normal Extension   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) If the generators of f aren't specified, or are uncountable, take the algebraic closure of e. Extend this isomorphism to the generators of f, using the process described in the previous page. The normal closure of an algebraic extension e/k is the smallest extension f/k that is normal. www.mathreference.com /fld,normal.html   (592 words)

Division 8.4 - Public Ways: Closure Permit - Town of Normal, Illinois Closure Permit shall mean the procedures, terms, and conditions for issuance, use, suspension, or revocation of a Closure Permit as provided by this Division. An application for a Closure Permit shall be filed with the Public Works Director not less than three (3) working days before the date proposed for closing or obstructing a public way. If the closure or obstruction is proposed to be conducted for or on behalf of or by an organization, the name, address, and telephone number of the headquarters of the organization. www.normal.org /Code/08_04.asp   (1141 words)

Lung growth, lung aging and airway closure The lung volume at which airway closure (closing capacity, CC) occurs during normal tidal breathing in basal parts of the lung encroaches upon the FRC. On average at age 65 yr airway closure occurs at the level of the FRC in healthy lifelong nonsmokers. The changes in the mechanical properties of lungs and thorax are accompanied by changes in alveolar ventilation, of which airway closure is obviously a potentially important contributing factor. www.spirxpert.com /collegeUK/q.htm   (289 words)

NSDL Metadata Record -- normal closure normal closure of S in G is the intersection of all normal subgroups of G that contain S, that is... It is not difficult to show that the normal closure of S is the subgroup generated by all the conjugates of elements of S. The normal closure of S in G is variously denoted by... nsdl.org /mr/1032848   (116 words)

California Glass Company - Reference - Closurer Liner Suggestions   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) The only part of a properly functioning closure and liner that comes in contact with the contents of the package is the face or facing of the liner. Therefore, in selecting a child—resistant closure liner, appropriate testing should be conducted to demonstrate that the package remains child—resistant and adult—effective throughout its expected shelf life and use. Closures that appear to be on tight are reduced to approximately zero removal, which has a slight impact on handling. www.calglass-pcc.com /catalog/reference/closure_liner_suggestions.shtml   (1060 words)

Medical Definitions   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Palatoplasty- The surgical closure of the cleft palate. Closure is necessary for speech, blowing, and swallowing. Velopharyngeal Insufficiency- The condition in which the patient is unable to achieve closure between the mouth and nose because of a weakened or inadequately formed structure. www.goldenharsyndrome.org /medical_definitions.htm   (1749 words)

Waist band extender - Patent 4580298 For instance, for extending the waist band of a pair of jeans normally closed by means of a button hole and button, the extender would include like closure members, i.e., a button and a button hole. About the first end 24 of the band 20 is mounted a first closure member, a button 28, and about the second end 26 is a second and complementary closure member, the button hole 30. The female snap closure member 44 would be mated with the male snap closure member on the garment, and the male snap closure member 46 of the extender 10 would be mated with the female snap closure member on the garment. www.freepatentsonline.com /4580298.html   (2215 words)

Differences in Airway Closure between Normal and Asthmatic Subjects Measured with Single-Photon Emission Computed ... Relationship between airway closure in the middle (a) and lower (b) lung zones with age in normal subjects and two asthmatic spirometric groups. The presence of an appreciable LVclosed in the apical regions of the lung in normal subjects was somewhat surprising. The present study has shown that the predictable pattern of basal airway closure in normals is lost in asthmatic subjects. ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/158/6/1900   (5026 words)

Pediatric Heart Surgery: A Ready Reference for Professionals Arterial oxygen saturation proximal to the interruption is normal, while the arterial oxygen saturation distal to the interruption is lower than normal. Closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in patients with interrupted aortic arch results in lower body hypoperfusion and acidosis. Presentation may vary from acute decompensation at the time of ductal closure in the infant, to upper extremity hypertension in the older child or adult. www.hometown.aol.com /eliotmay/HomePage.html   (1570 words)

Conjugate closure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The conjugate closure of S is always a normal subgroup of G; in fact, it is the smallest (by inclusion) normal subgroup of G which contains S. The normal closure can also be characterized as the intersection of all normal subgroups of G which contain S. Contrast the normal closure of S with the normalizer of S, which is the largest subgroup of G in which is normal. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conjugate_closure   (249 words)

Characteristic Subgroups and Normal Structure However, if G is intransitive or imprimitive, the minimal normal subgroups are found by computing the conjugacy classes of G and looking at the normal subgroups generated by each class. The normal subgroup lattice of G. The subgroups are found by first determining the minimal normals using the conjugacy classes of G and then extending these layer by layer until G is reached. Given a group G and a subnormal subgroup H of G, return a sequence of subgroups commencing with G and terminating with H, such that each subgroup is normal in the previous one. www.math.ufl.edu /help/magma/text192.html   (600 words)

Mice lacking the ski proto-oncogene have defects in neurulation, craniofacial patterning, and skeletal ... Exencephaly is a cranial neural tube defect, resulting from failed closure of the neural folds during neurulation. The neural tube of the normal embryo in Expression of the AP-2 transcription factor is normally concentrated in the cranial neural crest, and the neural tube defect www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/11/16/2029   (5602 words)

Src oncogene at 42A Dorsal closure is a major morphogenic process in which two epithelial sheets converge to enclose the embryo. During embryonic dorsal closure, the Hep-Bsk signal is required for elongation of the leading edge cells. Thus, the defect in embryonic dorsal closure in the Tec29 Src42A double mutant is caused by this failure in cell shape change, as is the case in the DJun mutant (Tateno, 2000). www.sdbonline.org /fly/cytoskel/src42a4.htm   (5939 words)

ABMS consultants inc. mechanical engineering, design, drawings, technical support. Emergency closure: Safety gate is used to shut off the full flow of turbine, in case of failure of all other closure systems. Normal closure: Safety gate can also be used for turbine dewatering like a bulkhead gate, enabling turbine repair or maintenance work. Emergency closure is done under full hydraulic pressure and with full water flow (wicket gates opened or partially opened). www.abms.ca /technical/intake_safety_sliding_gate.html   (916 words)

[No title] Existing methods of eyelid closure measurement produce static representations, which serve as a “snap shot” of one instant during eyelid closure. Subjects Seventeen normal volunteers (age range 23-74 years) with no previous history of neurological disorder, eyelid surgery or facial anomaly, and 10 patients with unilateral facial nerve paralysis (age range 32-66 years) were studied. In the latter group, patients were not stratified according to the etiology or duration of the paralysis since the objective of this study was limited to evaluating the ability of computerized eyelid motion analysis (CEMA) to measure eyelid kinematics in differing populations. www.louisville.edu /~gsrash01/eye.doc   (852 words)

GEMS - Normal Heart Tones S1/S2 S1 results from the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves and indicates the beginning of systole. Although there is some asynchrony between the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, S1 is usually heard as one sound. As you become more comfortable and familiar with what "normal" closure of the valves sounds like, you may begin to note some variation in intensity of specific heart tones in certain patients. www.co.gaston.nc.us /gemshp/training/S1S2HeartTones.htm   (832 words)

Bind: Address Already in Use Because of this, it is possible for the process to complete before the kernel has released the associated network resource, and this port cannot be bound to another process until the kernel has decided that it is done. Figure 1 shows all of the possible states that can occur during a normal closure, depending on the order in which things happen. I'm really not sure why this state isn't necessary on the other side, when the remote end initiates closure, but this is definitely the case. hea-www.harvard.edu /~fine/Tech/addrinuse.html   (1109 words)

eMedicine - Ventricular Septal Defect, Perimembranous : Article by Benjamin W Eidem, MD, FACC, FASE, FAAP   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Elective surgical closure of large VSDs should be planned within the first 6 months to 1 year of life to prevent the development of irreversible pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (ie, Eisenmenger syndrome). Normal first heart sound and a narrowly split second heart sound with occasional loud pulmonary component are evident. Transcatheter closure of a membranous VSD is technically feasible and appears safe in children over 8 kg in weight, but further clinical trials are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy. www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2544.htm   (4276 words)

Labtician | Lid Load | What is Lagophthalmos and Treatment Options Normal closure and blinking of your eyelids is important to the health of your eyes. If your physician believes the paralysis of the orbicularis muscle is temporary, he or she may recommend you wear a protective eye patch and apply moisturizing drops to your eye at regular intervals until the paralysis disappears. If paralysis persists, it may be necessary to place a small weight (gold implant) into your eyelid to allow normal closure and blinking. www.labtician.com /lid_loads_pages/what_is_lagophthalmos.html   (700 words)

Normal closure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The term normal closure is used in two senses in mathematics: In group theory, the normal closure of a subset of a group is the smallest normal subgroup that contains the subset; see conjugate closure. In field theory, the normal closure of an algebraic extension F/K is an extension field L of F such that L/K is normal and L is minimal with this property. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Normal_closure   (128 words)

MANAGEMENT OF INTRACTABLE ASPIRATION 10/2000 Aspiration may be due to a structural abnormality of the upper aerodigestive tract.  Tumors arising in the tongue, hypopharynx, supraglottis or glottis may cause significant aspiration.  This can occur by direct infiltration, mass effect or pain.  The dysphagia and weight loss common in head and neck cancer patients may be a result of aspiration. Multiple cranial nerve injuries, particularly to cranial nerves IX, X and XII, result in major dysfunction of the upper aerodigestive tract with resultant aspiration.  Such injuries may occur due to trauma, surgery, tumor, or as a result of a number of neurologic syndromes resulting in bulbar paralysis. Normal speech is sacrificed with glottic closure.  The closure is potentially reversible, although successes have not been reported.  Closure at the glottic level has been unreliable in patients with mobile true vocal cords, likely due to persistent laryngopharyngeal movement placing excessive tension on the closure. www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Aspiration-200010/Aspiration-200010.htm   (653 words)

University of Nevada, Reno :: Winter Closure :: FAQs :: Mail Services   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12) Due to the closure of most offices, there will not be any service to campus. Normal mail pick-up and delivery will resume on Tuesday morning, January 3, 2006. Please remember that there will not be any processing of outgoing USPS, Federal Express and UPS mail during the winter closure. www.unr.edu /winterclosure/faq/mail.html   (407 words)

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